定向越野优秀男子运动员百米赛研究

运用文献资料法、数据处理法及分析法。以2011年云南省第六届大学生运动会定向越野体育教育专业男子百米赛预赛和决赛比赛成绩前12名为研究对象,对预赛和决赛在各赛段点与点之间的用时分配及累计计时数据进行诊断分析,获取优秀男子运动员在各赛段技能执行的分配能力,结果显示:快速读图能力和立体空间感读图能力有待提高;心理能力抗压能力差,注意力容易受外界影响;对目标点的方位距离判断能力偏低;体能优秀但在比赛中对体力的分配不合理;平时训练中的方法跟不上比赛的节奏。     

黄河流域兰西城市群环境规制效率的空间格局及其空间收敛性

基于2010—2018年黄河流域兰西城市群县域数据,采用空间分析技术和空间收敛模型分析环境规制效率的空间格局及其空间收敛性。结果表明：① 环境规制效率呈现“中心高边缘低”的空间特征,环境规制效率由“大差距低强度”向“小差距高强度”转变;② 环境规制效率具有空间相关性,环境规制效率的热点区-冷点区与经济发展的高水平区-低水平区具有空间趋同性;③ 环境规制效率存在空间收敛性,在考虑社会经济因素和空间因素的情况下环境规制效率的空间收敛性增强;④ 经济水平、政府干预、能耗强度、工业化率和人口密度等因素通过空间溢出效应对环境规制效率的空间收敛性产生影响。     

辽宁沿海经济带城市化与水资源耦合关系分析

水资源短缺已经成为辽宁沿海经济带城市化发展的制约性因素。在科学建立城市化与水资源耦合系统的评价指标体系基础上,构建了二者之间的耦合协调度模型,从时空角度对辽宁沿海经济带城市化与水资源的耦合协调度进行分析。结果表明,在时间序列上,耦合协调度总体呈递增趋势,水资源对城市化的约束作用逐渐减小,向高水平耦合阶段过渡;在空间序列上,6个城市呈现高水平高度协调耦合、高水平中度协调耦合和磨合时期中度协调耦合3种类型。同时,该区域城市化与水资源耦合协调度同区域经济发展水平存在着很大的空间对应关系。     

基于地理媒介素养教育的高中地理课堂教学设计--以“板块运动”教学为例

高中地理媒介素养教育的关键是有效培养学生的地图技能和地理信息技术技能。本文以"板块运动"课堂教学为例,探讨如何利用在线网站数据制作地图,并通过动画视频、教具演示、问题引导、对比分析、分组讨论等多种方式相结合,引导学生作图、读图、析图、用图,培养学生的地图技能和信息技术运用能力,进而提高学生的地理媒介素养。     

中国城乡居民生活水平差距的时空变化及其影响因素

通过截取1980-2010年四个时间断面中国各省城乡居民恩格尔系数差值,描述了我国城乡居民生活水平差距的时空变化和差异,分析其格局形成和演变的影响因素。结果显示：中国城乡居民恩格尔系数差值经历了下降-上升-下降的过程,说明改革开放以来城乡居民生活水平差距先有所缩小、再急剧扩大、进而明显缩小;各省城乡居民生活水平差距的空间自相关性较明显,城乡恩格尔系数差值的冷、热点区域在不同时间的空间差异显著;各省城乡居民生活水平差距时间上差异显著,可依据城乡恩格尔系数差值的变化将其分为四类;中国城乡居民生活水平差距的时空格局是地方在对国家宏观战略、宏观政治经济环境、地区城乡战略、自然条件等因素的响应中逐步形成的,需要因地制宜、因时制宜地制订和调整城乡发展政策。     

长株潭城市群人居环境空间差异性演变研究

以城市人居环境质量为研究对象,选择1991~2008年的数据对长株潭城市群8个城市的人居环境质量、变差指数和协调指数进行了分析测算,定量阐释了长株潭城市群人居环境发展的时空演变趋势和内部协调程度。分析结果表明:近20年来长株潭城市群人居环境质量总体呈上升趋势;长株潭城市群各城市间人居环境质量差距逐渐扩大;教育科教系统、经济系统和居民生活系统是长株潭城市群内部人居环境质量差距扩大的主要原因;长株潭城市群人居环境系统总体协调度较高,大都处于较高效、和谐的运转状态,且与城市人居环境质量有较高的相关性。     

中国三大旅游行业效率时空差异分析

借助DEA模型和ArcGIS空间分析模块,对中国2002~2013年景区、酒店和旅行社三大行业效率的时序变化及空间格局演变过程进行系统分析。结果表明三大行业效率时空演变特征各不相同：① 无论是综合效率还是分解后的纯技术效率和规模效率,酒店行业平均效率值均最高,旅行社行业规模效率值最低,而景区行业纯技术效率值最低;② 从时序变化上看,酒店行业效率稳定性最高,景区行业波动性最强,旅行社行业最近几年下降趋势明显;③ 三大行业的旅游效率在空间分布上均存在东西差异,但酒店行业地区间差距在缩小,景区行业东西部间差异在缩小,而旅行社行业东西部间差距则在扩大。     

世界能源地理研究进展及学科发展展望

面向国家重大战略需求,应对日益严峻的国际能源环境,开展世界能源地理研究是经济地理学家的重要使命.但从目前的研究来看,缺乏系统的地理学视角,研究主要集中在政治学、外交学、经济学等领域.相关学科涉及能源地理学的研究主要集中在3 个方面：① 世界能源地缘政治格局研究;② 世界能源地缘政治格局中的中国能源安全研究,包括能源供给、运输、储备等;③ 中国能源合作与能源外交研究.展望未来,应从3 个方面加强世界能源地理的研究：① 建立系统的研究框架,全面把握世界能源状态、格局及其演变规律;② 建立世界能源的动态数据库,加强模拟分析与可视化表达能力;③ 加强研究平台建设,培养研究队伍.     

稳态风沙流中瞬态输沙特征

风沙流中沙粒运动在来流风速不变时也会表现出非稳态特征。在风洞内利用粒子图像测速系统（PIV）测量了风沙运动的时间序列,并基于PIV测量技术提出风沙流中沙粒平均直径、数密度、平均水平速度和输沙通量等参数在某一时刻的计算方法,其中输沙通量的计算考虑沙粒大小垂向分布的影响。结果表明：来流风速不变时,沙粒平均直径、数密度、平均水平速度和输沙通量随时间具有明显的波动性;沙粒平均直径和平均水平速度的标准偏差一般随高度增加而增加,沙粒数密度和输沙通量标准偏差随高度增大而减小;这些参数的相对标准偏差均随高度增加而增大。     

南疆“3.12”强沙尘暴天气数值模拟与诊断分析

春季是南疆塔里木盆地沙尘暴天气的高发季节。利用GRAPES中尺度数值模式,以GFS资料作为初值场和侧边界值,对新疆2011年3月12日南疆出现的强沙尘暴天气进行数值模拟,并利用模式输出结果对这次过程作诊断分析。结果表明,GRAPES中尺度模式对高空槽、西风带、地面温度等强沙尘暴主要影响系统发生、发展及强度模拟效果较好,能模拟出产生这次强沙尘暴的强风天气形势和上升运动;西西伯利亚地面冷高压爆发性南下并强烈发展是造成强沙尘暴天气的重要地面天气系统;位涡的水平分布特征对沙尘暴的出现时间和落区有一定的指示意义;沙尘暴区上空螺旋度垂直分布为高层负值、低层正值;螺旋度正值的演变与沙尘暴的出现有一定的对应关系;上升运动转为下沉运动是沙尘暴的最强时段。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.     

REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE

Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System) . H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Guidelines to Authors

1. Aims and scope
Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions （SCAR） is a bimonthly journal that publishes in English the latest research achievements in processes and the pattems of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions. Researches in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,