文化遗产多源探测技术与环境重建展望

从自然侵蚀到人为损毁的文化遗产研究与保护,是一项多学科综合的复杂过程。文化遗产的数字化保护已成为全球学术界和工业界关注的热点,多源探测技术与多维环境重建是文化遗产数字化保护过程中不可或缺且相辅相成的重要研究内容。首先,本文依据文化遗产所处的地理空间立体层次,将其划分为水下文化遗产、近地表文化遗产以及室内外景观遗产,并分别分析了3个不同层次的探测方法与技术;然后,从考古制图、多源异构文化遗产信息化管理、三维重建与虚拟修复、多模式展示与虚拟交互4个层面,分析了多维环境重建的相关技术方法与手段;最后,总结了文化遗产数字化保护研究可能的发展趋势为多传感器协同观测、多维数据分布式管理与共享、动态环境重建与感知、多模式交互展示。     

文化遗产开发不是矿产开发

《人民日报》6月4日刊登中国文联副主席冯骥才的文章,对文化遗产保护现状感到忧虑。     

大型石窟遗产海量点云快速可视化

文化遗产数字化是实现遗产保护与修复、传承与活化的重要手段。三维激光扫描技术是近年来被广泛应用于遗产数字化的有效手段,其能够以非接触方式获得高精度、高密度三维点云,但是这些文化遗产(尤其是大型石窟)的海量三维点云,为快速处理及应用带来了严峻挑战。为实现普通计算机配置下石窟遗产海量点云的快速浏览与展示处理,构建了基于文化遗产本体综合价值的点云分块策略,通过八叉树数据结构对每一数据分块进行组织管理,并采用开源引擎Potree.js搭建可视化场景,进而完成海量石窟点云的快速可视化处理。以某一大型石窟遗产三维点云开展可视化处理实验,并与3DHOP、Cesiumlab等可视化解决方案进行对比分析,结果表明本文方法简单易操作,处理时间和渲染效果都得到了有效改善。     

基于地理空间信息的文化遗产可持续发展指标建设

2015年10月,世界各国领导人签署了联合国《2030可持续发展议程》,提出了17个可持续发展目标(SDGs)和169个子目标,其中仅SDGs11.4涉及到文化遗产保护。现有指标计算方法仅限政府对文化遗产地保护的财政资助,仅能反映国家对文化遗产的资金投入和保护力度,仍缺乏基于地理空间信息对文化遗产可持续发展进行定量评估的具体指标,也未能建立起文化遗产地可持续发展与防灾减灾的关联。本文首次提出基于地理空间信息进行文化遗产可持续发展的指标建设,并在文化遗产可持续发展指标SDGs11.4建设中综合考虑SDGs11.5防灾减灾相关因素并新增指标,可为文化遗产可持续发展指标建设提供参考。     

探索全球重要农业文化遗产生态价值实现机制——以青田县稻鱼共生模式为例

<正>一、背景青田稻田养鱼历史悠久,青田稻鱼共生系统于2005年6月被联合国粮农组织（FAO）列为首批全球重要农业文化遗产（GIAHS）。同年6月5日,时任浙江省委书记习近平同志曾作批示：“关注此唯一入选世界农业遗产项目,勿使其失传。”自获得GIAHS认定以来,青田稻鱼共生系统每年接待来自世界各地的大量访客,成为中国生态农业智慧、     

呼吸城市中的文化气息——文化遗产让城市更美好

城市既是人类文明的成果,又是人们日常生活的家园。各个时期的文化遗产就像一部部史书,记录着沧桑岁月。保留下文化遗产才能使城市的历史连绵不绝,才能使人类的发展需求不断得到满足,才能使城市散发出历史的魅力和时代的光彩。正因为这样,我们才如此精心地保护文物建筑、历史城市,建设了众多的博物馆来保护这些可移动的和不可移动的文物。     

时政

中央一号文件：严守耕地保护红线,深化土地制度改革 近日,2014年中央“一号文件”发布,其内容连续十一年聚焦三农问题。“中央一号”文件要求,要抓紧构建新形势下的国家粮食安全战略,严守耕地保护红线,划定永久基本农田,深化农村土地制度改革,不断提升农业综合生产能力,坚决破除体制机制弊端,坚持农业基础地位不动摇,     

强化管理 创新理念 不断开创耕地保护工作新局面

南阳是一个农业大市,南阳市委、市政府对耕地保护工作历来十分重视,在稳定农业基础地位、加强耕地保护方面做了大量工作,取得了较好的成     

空间信息技术在大运河保护规划中的应用探讨

大运河保护规划的编制是实施大运河整体保护的重要手段,也是推进大运河保护与申遗工作的关键.本文针对大运河保护规划所面临的问题探讨了空间信息技术应用于大运河保护规划编制的业务模型,在此基础上对大运河保护规划辅助支持系统的体系结构、功能模型以及保护规划数据库进行分析与设计,最后,对该系统的实现以及应用情况进行了介绍.实践表明,基于空间信息技术所构建的大运河保护规划支持平台可在大运河保护规划的各个阶段发挥重要的作用,并可使大运河保护规划编制效率与规划成果的科学性大大加强.     

环境破坏对花山崖壁画的影响

随着旅游业的发展,广西宁明花山崖壁画被越来越多的人所知晓,最近几年来吸引着越来越多的专家学者和中外游人前往考察参观与游览。左江崖壁画是广西壮族先民骆越人的文化遗产,至今已有2000多年的历史,其崖画规模宏大,作画条件艰险,堪称全国崖壁画之冠,在世界上也绝无仅有。对于自古以来就没有自己本民族专用文字的壮族,这一文化遗产对壮族历史的研究有着十分重要的意义。左江崖壁画在左     

东平县地质遗迹特征与保护建议

东平县独特的地理位置造就了丰富的地质遗迹资源,其中,区域性标准剖面、岩溶地貌、岱崮地貌、流水侵蚀和堆积地貌、湖泊、湿地、河流、泉水水体景观等地质遗迹,对研究该区地球环境变迁、山体隆升地貌、水体变迁等形成演化过程具有较高的科学价值和意义,该文在对东平县地质遗迹开发利用现状分析的基础上,提出保护建议,旨在实现地质资源的可持续利用。     

Conserving agricultural heritage systems through tourism: Exploration of two mountainous communities in China

Community plays an important role in the preservation of agricultural heritage system （AHS）. Recently, many AHS have been valorized as interesting resources for rural tourism. The expectations are that tourism development （TD） can be supportive for the conservation of AHS while creating benefits for local communities. In this study, two mountainous pilot villages （Longxian and Xiaohuang） in a global conservation project for traditional agricutural systems - Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems （GIAHS） were selected to identify the relationship between AHS conservation and TD. The study undertook in-depth interviews, and questionnaires of village residents and informal discussions with local villagers. A t-test and a linear regression model were implemented to explore the comparative dimensions of the two communities with different geographical location, economic situation, and stage of TD. The research found some similarities and differences in the two mountainous communities during AHS conservation and TD. Firstly, AHS are preservaed well in both villages unconsiously, while the residents in Xiaohuang value more highly the heritage elements than the respondents in Longxian, and the villagers in Xiaohuang are more worried about their heritage system; Secondly, both villages expect lots of benefits from TD and they clearly perceive more positive than negative impact from tourism and thus approve TD, while the hugedifferent perception on transportation and accessibility in the two villages reflects the bottleneck of TD in Xiaohuang village. At the same time, the respondents from Xiaohuang perceive more positive and fewer negative impact from tourism than the respondents from Longxian. Thirdly, the respondents in the two villages all show positive attitudes towards participation in tourism mostly motivated by the high income expectation. The main factors to determine the community perception in two villages were also analyzed based on the data process. A location-based coneeputal framework of AHS conservation in partnership with TD at community scale is proposed at the end of the paper. The dynamics of tourism development, that could enhance a better understanding of the complex relationship between conservation objectives and tourism development are discussed.     

Moving beyond Component Research in Mountain Regions： Operationalizing Systems Integration .at Farm and Landscape Scales

Introduction Agricultural research continues to face criticism for its shortcomings in reversing current trends toward increased poverty and natural resource degradation. While some of these criticisms would be better attributed to broader structural constraints, shortcomings of the conventional agricultural research paradigm are nevertheless apparent. Researchers continue to frame research objectives, questions and methods with limited consultation of farmers and limited consideration of othe…     

传统聚落景观基因的地理信息特征及其理解

传统聚落是民族传统文化遗产的重要组成部分,对社会经济和文化建设具有重要的价值。针对现有研究缺乏探讨传统聚落景观基因（简称景观基因）蕴藏的地理信息特征及理解方法,论文从以下方面开展了深入分析：① 地理信息包含了语义描述、几何形态、属性特征、维度、时空框架、尺度、要素相互关系（空间关联）、演化过程（存在状态）等属性;② 景观基因是一种特殊的文化因子,蕴含着丰富的哲理,是认识传统聚落特征的分析方法,也是文化符号的集合;③ 景观基因包含了空间定位、载体特征、历史与文化特征等丰富的地理信息。根据前述分析结果,论文从符号化、数据挖掘、谱系分析与空间格局制图等途径系统地探讨了景观基因地理信息特征的理解方法。论文认为：在地理时空大数据与地理服务日益深化发展的背景下,结合GIS原理探讨景观基因的地理信息特征对于延伸地理信息科学的内涵,深化传统聚落的地学认识,促进人文GIS的发展具有积极的意义,今后应该继续加强相关方法探索。     

大运河环境景观与变化分析

基于第一次地理国情普查成果,结合高分辨率遥感影像、遗产保护区划图、遗产要素统计信息,获取、分析了大运河申遗之前(2009年为主)、申遗成功当年(2014年)、申遗成功一年之后(2015年)三个时点的环境景观及变化信息,为大运河调查、评估、规划、管理、监测提供理论和地理信息支撑.通过本研究探索,对地理国情普查成果有效转化应用起到很好的示范作用,并为其他世界文化遗产和不可移动文物监测提供了有效借鉴.     

山东省重要地质遗迹自然区划研究

地质遗迹区划是地质遗迹资源保护的基础,该文根据山东省重要地质遗迹资源的空间分异和山东省大地构造二级构造单元,划分出3个地质遗迹大区,再以其自然分布规律、遗迹形成时间、空间、成因和地质构造单元的关联性进一步划分出8个地质遗迹区和24个地质遗迹集中区,从而建立了山东省重要地质遗迹自然区划系统,亦为地质遗迹保护提供了可靠的科学依据。     

Belt or network? The spatial structure and shaping mechanism of the Great Wall cultural belt in Beijing

The relationship between cross-regional cultural landscapes does not currently receive enough attention in cultural landscape conservation. Cultural landscapes in China are faced with the crisis of fragmentation and islanding, which makes it necessary to strengthen the idea of integrated conservation. The Great Wall cultural belt in Beijing is a cross-regional linear cultural landscape in the northwest mountainous area of Beijing. With the Great Wall as a link connecting the surrounding natural, social, and cultural resources to form a banded structure, it has the typical and practical significance of integrated conservation. Based on the theory of the cultural landscape security pattern and its ‘node – setting – connection' model, this research studies the spatial structure and shaping mechanism of the Great Wall cultural belt in Beijing from the perspective of tourist flow, using Flickr geo-tagged photos and Wikiloc tracks. The results identify the core nodes and intermediate nodes of the Great Wall cultural belt in Beijing and show that it has a multicore, multi-group hierarchical nesting structure differing from the geographic space, which has groups following the evolution orbit of ‘linear string – circumnuclear star – complete network.' To explain the differences between the cultural association network(CAN) and the geospatial network(GSN), we find that the cultural associations between nodes rely on geophysical channels, including heritage corridors and traffic passages, as physical carriers, but the nodes' attraction and their setting elements, containing natural geography environments, settlements, administrative divisions, etc., change the channel resistance, so CAN and GSN present different characteristics. From the perspective of systematic and spatial network thoughts, this study has made an attempt to adopt new analysis and research methods to achieve the integrated conservation and inheritance of linear cultural landscapes in mountainous areas.     

农业生态地质调查工作方法浅谈

农业生态地质调查涉及到与农业生态相关的诸多地学方面 ,其主要包括地貌、地质结构及土壤、地球化学及工业发展对农业生态地质环境的影响。在调查工作中主要借鉴于地质学、农学的基本工作方法 ,如农业地质填图、剖面测量、样品采集 ,以及资料收集与综合整理、综合研究、编绘各类农业地质图件等。     

Major Function Oriented Zone: New method of spatial regulation for reshaping regional development pattern in China

Newest planning methods implemented by Chinese government are promoting a coordinated regional development and shaping an orderly spatial structure by applying the regulation of territorial function. This article analyzes the problems of spatial planning and regional strategy caused by the wrongly-set primary goal of economic development; it states that the three-fold objective of competitiveness, sustainability, and welfare fairness shall be the principal for China to implement the spatial regulation in the new era; it discusses about theoretical thoughts and technology framework of conducting the ′Major Function Oriented Zone′ based on their different major functions that each region plays in urbanization and industrialization, ecological constructions, grain productions, and protection of natural and cultural heritages; it introduces the new concept of ′Major Function Oriented Zone′ that include the major functions category, the stereo regional equilibrium mode, the two-level zoning specification, and the territorial development intensity; it offers a zoning scheme that defines development-optimized and development-prioritized zones as regions with massive urbanization and industrialization, development-restricted zones as ecological constructing or grain producing regions, development-prohibited zones as natural and cultural heritage protecting regions; and finally it addresses the main obstacle for implementing ′Major Function Oriented Zone′, which is the institutional arrangement of the supreme goal of high GDP growth rate that is currently being implemented.