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1.
建立高精度高分辨率区域地球重力场模型是大地测量学科的重要科学目标之一,可为固体地球物理、地球动力学、地震学以及资源勘探等领域提供基础信息,也是当前大地测量现代化发展实现GNSS测定海拔高程的重大需求.提出了一种基于矩谐分析的区域重力场建模方法,在局部直角坐标系中求解地球引力位的Laplace方程,推导了扰动位、重力异常、重力扰动、大地水准面差距和垂线偏差的矩谐展开式以及矩谐系数阶方差和阶误差的计算公式,给出了利用重力观测值进行矩谐分析求解矩谐系数的数学模型和算法,为抑制矩谐分析中存在的周期延拓边界效应,提出了扩展计算区域范围的策略.利用EGM2008重力位模型生成模拟地面重力和航空重力观测值,加入标准差为2 mGal的高斯白噪声,分别设计基于地面重力数据和基于航空重力数据的模拟数值试验,对矩谐分析建模方法进行了验证与分析.数值结果表明基于矩谐分析构建的区域重力场模型可靠且可达很高的精度,由地面和航空重力数据计算的2.5′×2.5′大地水准面精度分别达到1 cm和1.4 cm,4 km飞行高度处航空重力观测值的向下延拓误差仅为3.1mGal,矩谐分析可为区域重力场精细结构的逼近提供一种新的选择.  相似文献   

2.
本文研究了基于泊松小波径向基函数融合多代卫星测高及多源重力数据精化大地水准面模型的方法.分别以沿轨垂线偏差和大地水准面高高差作为卫星测高观测量,研究了使用不同类型测高数据对于大地水准面建模精度的影响.针对全球潮汐模型在浅水区域及部分开阔海域精度较低的问题,引入局部潮汐模型研究了不同潮汐模型对于大地水准面的影响.数值分析表明:相比于使用沿轨垂线偏差作为测高观测量,基于沿轨大地水准面高高差解算得到的大地水准面模型的精度更高,特别是在海域区域,其精度提高了2.3cm.由于使用沿轨大地水准面高高差作为测高观测量削弱了潮汐模型长波误差的影响,采用不同潮汐模型对大地水准面解算的影响较小.总体而言,船载重力及测高观测数据在海洋重力场的确定中呈现互补性关系,联合两类重力场观测量可以提高局部重力场的建模精度.  相似文献   

3.
陆地重力观测相较于航空和卫星重力观测,距离场源更近,观测精度相对较高,其静态异常和时变数据已广泛应用于研究多种地球动力学问题.21世纪以来,绝对重力观测技术发展迅速,陆地观测网络日益完善,高精度陆地重力观测数据产品逐渐丰富,基于这些产品的大地测量和地球物理研究不断取得新进展.本文总结了近十几年来高精度陆地重力观测数据在大地测量和地球物理领域的应用进展情况,包括基于重力异常数据构建重力场和大地水准面模型、建立地壳物性结构模型、反演Moho界面形态和估计岩石圈有效弹性厚度,以及利用时变重力数据构建时变重力场模型、探测微弱动力学信号、估计地壳构造变形速率和分析与火山、地震过程的可能关联,最后探讨分析了陆地重力测量的未来发展趋势,可为中国大陆重力观测系统建设与发展规划提供参考.  相似文献   

4.
联合不同类型重力测量数据确定地球重力场模型的迭代法   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
不同的重力测量数据包含了不同波段的地球重力场信息,因此要恢复更高精度的地球重力场模型,就必须对不同类型的重力测量数据进行联合处理.以地面重力异常Δg为例,推导了利用迭代法联合不同类型重力测量数据反演地球重力场模型的基本原理公式,并给出了其具体实现步骤,接着采用全球的重力异常Δg数据和扰动位T数据,基于迭代法对卫星重力梯度SGG数据解算的重力场模型进行了进一步的精化.结果表明,初始的卫星重力梯度SGG模型和经过全球重力异常Δg数据精化后的模型,其对应的累计大地水准面误差分别达到1.128cm和0.048cm、累计重力异常误差分别达到0.416mGal和0.018mGal的精度;在经过全球扰动位T数据进一步精化后的模型,其对应的累计大地水准面误差达到0.043cm、累计重力异常误差达到0.016mGal的精度.  相似文献   

5.
针对构建似大地水准面中采用的重力水准法、EGM2008水准法、GPS水准法,结合地形复杂程度、面积大小、重力似大地水准面分辨率与精度等特点,首次评价了基于多种方法构建的似大地水准面模型的外推性与真实性.采用地形复杂区域S、平原区域N以及沿海区域Q构建区域似大地水准面模型.通过时各方法得到的似大地水准面模型推估特性分析比较,结果表明:就反应似大地水准面起伏的真实情况而言,重力水准法精度最高且外推能力最强;EGM2008水准法精度次之,外推能力较强外推范围在10 km左右;GPS水准法精度最弱,外推能力最差.构建高精度高分率1 cm级似大地水准面时须采用基于grave/level法.  相似文献   

6.
随着GPS/水准及全球重力测量的加密和扩展,获取高精度的似大地水准面或高程异常(ξ)已比较容易,如何进一步研究它和大地水准面或大地水准面高(N)之间的关系(即所谓间接的方法)使大地水准面得到精化,这就是本文的目的,文中对已推导的公式在模型作了验证,对如何利用地形等数据确定扰动重力垂直梯度也作了研究,结果表明:在海拔4000 m的高山地区,当似大地水准面的精度达到cm级时,大地水准面的精度也与之比较接近.  相似文献   

7.
融合多源数据的高精度、高分辨率的局部重力场建模是物理大地测量学的前沿和热点问题.本文研究了基于径向基函数融合多源数据的局部重力场建模方法,利用Monte-Carlo方差分量估计实现了不同类型的观测数据的合理定权,引入了最小标准差法确定基函数的适宜网络,分析了地形因素对于基函数网络确定及局部重力场建模精度的影响.以泊松小波基函数为构造基函数,结合残差地形模型,融合实测的陆地重力异常、船载重力异常及航空重力扰动数据构建了局部区域陆海统一的似大地水准面模型.研究结果表明:引入残差地形模型平滑了地形质量引入的高频扰动信号,简化了基函数的网络设计;并提高了重力似大地水准面的精度,平原地区其精度提高了4mm,地形起伏较大的山区其精度提高了约5cm.总体而言,基于"三步法"构建的局部重力似大地水准面在荷兰、比利时及德国相关区域,其精度分别达到1.12cm、2.80cm以及2.92cm.  相似文献   

8.
基于有限元方法的陆海大地水准面衔接   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
大陆上用重力数据和GPS水准数据确定(似)大地水准面,海洋上用卫星测高数据确定(似)大地水准面.由于沿海地区和近岸海域往往缺少完好的重力数据,近岸海域卫星测高数据质量相对较差,两类大地水准面在陆海相接区域精度偏低且存在拼合差.纯几何方法拟合陆海局部区域大地水准面,不能顾及大地水准面的物理特性,拟合结果不稳定.顾及到大地水准面的物理特性,依据其在局部所应满足的数学物理方程,拟合陆海局部区域大地水准面问题,转化为Laplace第一边值问题.讨论了有限元法衔接陆海局部区域大地水准面的数学思想,给出了相应的数学模型.  相似文献   

9.
研究和实施了由卫星测高数据计算垂线偏差,用莫洛 金斯基(Molodensky)公式反演 大地水准面高,由此求得我国海域大地水准面高. 为了检核,将测高垂线偏差利用逆维宁迈 纳斯(Vening Meinesz)公式反演重力异常,与海上船测重力值进行了外部检核;同时还用 司托克斯(Stokes)公式,将上述反演的重力异常计算大地水准面高,与莫洛金斯基公式直 接解得的相应结果进行比较作为内部检核. 在积分计算中充分应用了FFT的严格公式.由重力和GPS水准数据确定的陆地大地水准面,和主要由卫星测高数据确定的海洋大地水准 面,二者之间一般都存在以系统误差为主的拼接差,本文分析了产生这一现象的主要原因, 并结合我国在陆海大地水准面拼接区重力资料稀疏的实际,提出了新的拼接技术,最后将拟 合参数校正中国全部海域的重 力大地水准面,以最大限度地削弱拼接点和制约测高海洋大地水准面可能存在的系统误差.  相似文献   

10.
通过联合全球重力位模型(EGM2008)、航空重力扰动数据和剩余地形模型(RTM)数据,基于频谱域(二维FFT变换)和空间域(Stokes数值积分)算法对毛乌素测区GT-2A航空重力测量系统采集的空中测线后处理重力扰动数据进行解算,构建了该地区的航空重力梯度扰动全张量.(1)残余航空重力扰动延拓结果表明:残余航空重力扰动经向下延拓至大地水准面,再向上延拓至航空高度后与原数据差值的标准差为1.0078 mGal,考虑边缘效应后,内缩计算范围得到的差值标准差减小至0.1269 mGal.(2)基于残余重力扰动数据(原航空高度数据及向下延拓数据),通过不同方案解算得到的梯度扰动结果表明:两种方案得到的研究区域重力梯度扰动各分量之差的最大标准差为6.4798E(Γyz分量),最小标准差为2.6968E(Γxy分量),内缩计算范围后得到的差值标准差最大值为1.8307E(Γzz分量),最小值为0.7223E(Γyz分量).本文的思路和方法可为未来我国自主构建航空重力梯度标定场提供参考.  相似文献   

11.
Regional gravity field modeling with high-precision and high-resolution is one of the most important scientific objectives in geodesy,and can provide fundamental information for geophysics,geodynamics,seismology,and mineral exploration.Rectangular harmonic analysis(RHA)is proposed for regional gravity field modeling in this paper.By solving the Laplace’s equation of gravitational potential in local Cartesian coordinate system,the rectangular harmonic expansions of disturbing potential,gravity anomaly,gravity disturbance,geoid undulation and deflection of the vertical are derived,and so are the formula for signal degree variance and error degree variance of the rectangular harmonic coefficients(RHC).We also present the mathematical model and detailed algorithm for the solution of RHC using RHA from gravity observations.In order to reduce the edge effects caused by periodic continuation in RHA,we propose the strategy of extending the size of computation domain.The RHA-based modeling method is validated by conducting numerical experiments based on simulated ground and airborne gravity data that are generated from geopotential model EGM2008 and contaminated by Gauss white noise with standard deviation of 2 mGal.The accuracy of the 2.5′×2.5′geoid undulations computed from ground and airborne gravity data is 1 and 1.4cm,respectively.The standard error of the gravity disturbances that downward continued from the flight height of 4 km to the geoid is only 3.1 mGal.Numerical results confirm that RHA is able to provide a reliable and accurate regional gravity field model,which may be a new option for the representation of the fine structure of regional gravity field.  相似文献   

12.
基于向上延拓的航空重力向下解析延拓解   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
位场向下与向上延拓之间存在固有的内在联系,向上延拓解算具有稳定可靠的优良特性,本文据此提出了借助向上延拓信息实现航空重力向下延拓稳定解算的两种方法,分别建立了点对点向下解析延拓模型和最小二乘向下解析延拓模型.其核心思想是,依据泰勒级数展开模型,将位场向下延拓解算过程转换为向上延拓计算和垂向偏导数解算两个步骤,通过第一步的处理有效抑制数据观测噪声对解算结果的干扰,通过第二步的处理成功实现向下延拓反问题的稳定解算,较好地解决了向下延拓解算固有的不适定性问题.分析研究了两种解析延拓模型的计算精度及适用条件,利用超高阶位模型EGM2008建立的模拟标准场数据对两种模型解算结果的合理性和有效性进行了数值验证,证明本文新方法实用易行,具有较高的应用价值.  相似文献   

13.
A mathematical model used for determination of a local geoid model by combining airborne gravity disturbances and the Earth Gravitational Model 2008 (EGM08) is shortly reviewed. The precision of the estimated local geoid model of Taiwan is tested by its comparison with the “real” geoid at Global Satellite Navigation Systems (GNSS)/levelling points. The same comparison at GNSS/levelling points is done for the geoid evaluated only by using EGM08. Conclusions concerning a rate of improvement of the “global” geoid from EGM08 using the “local” geoid from airborne gravity data are presented.  相似文献   

14.
Turkish regional geoid models have been developed by employing a reference earth gravitational model, surface gravity observations and digital terrain models. The gravimetric geoid models provide a ready transformation from ellipsoidal heights to the orthometric heights through the use of GPS/leveling geoid heights determined through the national geodetic networks. The recent gravimetric models for Turkish territory were computed depending on OSU91 (TG-91) and EGM96 (TG-03) earth gravitational models. The release of the Earth Gravitational Model 2008 (EGM08), the collection of new surface gravity observations, the advanced satellite altimetry-derived gravity over the sea, and the availability of the high resolution digital terrain model have encouraged us to compute a new geoid model for Turkey. We used the Remove-Restore procedure based on EGM08 and applied Residual Terrain Model (RTM) reduction of the surface gravity data. Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) was then used to obtain the residual quasigeoid from the reduced gravity. We restored the individual contributions of EGM08 and RTM to the whole quasi-geoid height (TQG-09). Since the Helmert orthometric height system is adopted in Turkey, the quasi-geoid model (TQG-09) was then converted to the geoid model (TG-09) by making use of Bouguer gravity anomalies and digital terrain model. After all we combined a gravimetric geoid model with GPS/leveling geoid heights in order to obtain a hybrid geoid model (THG-09) (or a transformation surface) to be used in GPS applications. The RMS of the post-fit residuals after the combination was found to be ± 0.95 cm, which represents the internal precision of the final combination. And finally, we tested the hybrid geoid model with GPS/leveling data, which were not used in the combination, to assess the external accuracy. Results show that the external accuracy of the THG-09 model is ± 8.4 cm, a precision previously not achieved in Turkey until this study.  相似文献   

15.
We present a geoid model for the area of Lake Vostok, Antarctica, from a combination of local airborne gravity, ice-surface and ice-thickness data and a lake bathymetry model. The topography data are used for residual terrain modeling (RTM) in a remove–restore approach together with GOCE satellite data. The quasigeoid is predicted by least-squares collocation (LSC) and subsequently converted to geoid heights. Special aspects of that method in presence of an ice sheet are discussed.It is well known that a body freely floating in water is in a state of hydrostatic equilibrium (HE). This usually applies, e.g., to ice shelves or sea ice. However, it has been shown that this is valid also for the ice sheet covering the subglacial Lake Vostok. Thus, we demonstrate the use of such a refined regional geoid model for glaciological and geophysical applications by means of the HE surface of that lake. The mean quadratic residual geoid signal (0.56 m) w.r.t. the GOCE background model exceeds the residual variations of the estimated apparent lake level (ALL) (0.26 m) within the central part of the lake. An approach considering the actual geopotential at the ALL has been derived and subsequently applied. In this context, downward continuation of the potential field within the ice sheet as well as the latitudinal tilt of off-geoid equipotential surfaces are discussed. In view of the accuracy of the ice-thickness measurements that dominate the total error budget of the estimated ALL these effects are negligible. Thus, the HE surface of subglacial lakes may safely be described by a constant height bias in small-scale regional applications. However, field continuation is significant with respect to the formal uncertainty of the quasigeoid, which is at the level of 5 cm given that accurate airborne gravity data (±2 mGal) are available.  相似文献   

16.
研究利用重力场模型直接进行GPS高程转换的方法,即模型高程异常法和模型重力位法.根据误差传播定律,导出了由重力场模型位系数方差计算模型高程异常以及模型正常高的误差公式,并对影响两种GPS高程转换方法精度的因素进行分析.利用具有代表性的EGM96、EIGEN-51C和EGM2008重力场模型及某线路GPS/水准数据对两种方法进行实验研究与精度分析,结果表明:理论公式及实验结果都显示两种高程转换方法是等价的,转换精度相当;两种方法使用过程中,均可能需要系统偏差校正;EGM2008重力场模型具有非常好的分辨率及精度,在局部区域,基于EGM2008模型的GPS高程转换精度有望达到cm级.  相似文献   

17.
From the late 1990s, many studies on local geoid construction have been made in South Korea. However, the precision of the previous geoid has remained about 15 cm due to distribution and quality problems of gravity and GPS/levelling data. Since 2007, new land gravity data and GPS/levelling data have been obtained through many projects such as the Korean Land Spatilaization, Unified Control Point and Gravity survey on the Benchmark. The newly obtained data are regularly distributed to a certain degree and show much better improvement in their quality. In addition, an airborne gravity survey was conducted in 2008 to cover the Korean peninsula (South Korea only). Therefore, it is expected that the precision of the geoid could be improved. In this study, the new South Korean gravimetric geoid and hybrid geoid are presented based on land, airborne, ship‐borne, altimeter gravity data, geopotential model and topographic data. As for the methodology, the general remove‐restore approach was applied with the best chosen parameters in order to produce a precise local geoid. The global geopotential model EGM08 was used to remove the low‐frequency components using degree and order up to 360 and the short wavelength part of the gravity signal was dealt with by using the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission data. The parameters determined empirically in this study include for Stokes’ integral 0.5° and for Wong‐Gore kernel 110–120°, respectively and 10 km for both the Bjerhammar sphere depth and attenuation factor. The final gravimetric geoid in South Korea ranges from 20–31 m with a precision of 5.45 cm overall compared to 1096 GPS/levelling data. In addition, the South Korean hybrid geoid produces 3.46 cm and 3.92 cm for degrees of fitness and precision, respectively and a better statistic of 2.37 cm for plain and urban areas was achieved. The gravimetric and hybrid geoids are expected to improve further when the refined land gravity data are included in the near future.  相似文献   

18.
EGM2008地球重力模型数据在中国大陆地区的精度分析   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8  
本文介绍了5′×5 ′的EGM2008地球重力模型及其在全球的精度评价.按照地形变化规律,将中国大陆大致分为7个区域,在10 km网度上,将EGM2008地球重力模型数据与中国地面实测空间重力网格数据进行了对比.由于数据源的问题,中国大陆的模型数据精度普遍低于北美和欧洲.二种数据在地形平坦的东部地区差别较小,向西随着地形复杂程度的增加,二种数据之间的标准差从小于10 mGal增大到50多mGal.畸变点分析表明精度极低的网格点均分布在地形起伏大的地区.总体而言,5′×5′的EGM2008地球重力模型数据在中国大陆将近80%的面积上的精度可达10 mGal之内,可用于小比例尺重力编图和构造研究.在地形起伏较大的中国西部以青藏高原为例进一步比较了EGM2008重力模型和重力测点数据,结果表明在重力点分布稀疏不均匀的地区,平面网格数据难以准确表达重力场信息.由于缺少地面重力数据控制,EGM2008重力模型数据在中国西部精度较低,但模型数据依然在很大程度上提高了空间重力异常信息的丰富程度.将中国区域重力调查成果数据应用于地球模型的构建是一项有意义的工作.  相似文献   

19.
During the General Assembly of the European Geosciences Union in April 2008, the new Earth Gravitational Model 2008 (EGM08) was released with fully-normalized coefficients in the spherical harmonic expansion of the Earth’s gravitational potential complete to degree and order 2159 (for selected degrees up to 2190). EGM08 was derived through combination of a satellite-based geopotential model and 5 arcmin mean ground gravity data. Spherical harmonic coefficients of the global height function, that describes the surface of the solid Earth with the same angular resolution as EGM08, became available at the same time. This global topographical model can be used for estimation of selected constituents of EGM08, namely the gravitational potentials of the Earth’s atmosphere, ocean water (fluid masses below the geoid) and topographical masses (solid masses above the geoid), which can be evaluated numerically through spherical harmonic expansions. The spectral properties of the respective potential coefficients are studied in terms of power spectra and their relation to the EGM08 potential coefficients is analyzed by using correlation coefficients. The power spectra of the topographical and sea water potentials exceed the power of the EGM08 potential over substantial parts of the considered spectrum indicating large effects of global isostasy. The correlation analysis reveals significant correlations of all three potentials with the EGM08 potential. The potential constituents (namely their functionals such as directional derivatives) can be used for a step known in geodesy and geophysics as the gravity field reduction or stripping. Removing from EGM08 known constituents will help to analyze the internal structure of the Earth (geophysics) as well as to derive the Earth’s gravitational field harmonic outside the geoid (geodesy).  相似文献   

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