Distribution and Diversity of Ibla cumingi Darwin [Crustacea, Cirripedia) from the Gulf of Elat (Red Sea)

Abstract. The distribution of Ibla cumingi DARWIN on different types of hard substrata along 30 km of coast in the Gulf of Elat was studied. I. cumingi was found among and underneath Tetraclita squamosa rufotincta , in oyster beds, underneath slabs of beachrock, and in fissures in igneous rocks. In the Tetraclita belt, I. cumingi is most frequent in empty shells of dead Tetraclita while in the oyster bed it is common inside the meshwork made by the oysters. The distribution is regarded as clustered distribution. The density and size of the clusters of I. cumingi is determined by the available sheltered space within the midlittoral zone. The form of the habitat determines the shape of the animals. Those found in the oyster bed and fissures are usually longer than those found in the Tetraclita belt due to the depth of the fissures or to the bigger spaces within the oyster bed. I. cumingi is orientated so that the capitulum with the cirri is projecting towards the open water, and the water current. It is concluded that I. cumingi can withstand the physical stress encountered in a tropical intertidal zone, but that the distribution pattern is caused by predation.     

Culture and morphology of some New Zealand barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia)

The larval stages of the acorn barnacles Chamaesipho columna, Chamaesipho brunnea, Elminius plicatus, Elminius modestus, Balanus trigonus, and Tetraclita purpurascens are described from larvae reared in the laboratory. A key and a table are included for separating larval stages and species.

Skeletonema costatum appears to have a wide application as a food in the rearing of larvae of the Balanidae.

The two Chamaesipho species show typical chthamalid characters of hispid antennal setae and unilobed labrum. The similarity between the larvae of Elminius plicatus and Tetraclita purpurascens supports the classification of E. plicatus as a tetraclitid.     

笠藤壶的形态变异

本文研究了舟山沿海两种笠藤壶（日本笠藤壶Ｔｅｔｒａｃｌｉｔａｊａｐｏｎｉｃａ、鳞笠藤壶Ｔ．ｓｑｕａｍｏｓａｓｑｕａｍｏｓａ）个体的形态变异,分析了壳板形态与生境、潮区、年龄之间的关系以及壳板形态的种间差别。壳口面积与基底面积之比值（Ｓａ／ＳＡ）在各年龄组间变化较小,而壳口面积与个体容积之比值（Ｓａ／Ｖ）随着藤壶年龄增加而减小,藤壶个体亦随年龄增加由矮圆锥形变陡。盖板各测值之比值在不同年龄组间变化不大,受环境影响较小,可以作为分类鉴定的依据。     

舟山海区几种藤壶的食性分析

舟山海区五种藤壶的食性成分分析表明：其胃含物可分为浮游动物、浮游植物、有机碎屑及无机颗粒四类。浮游动物以挠足类为主，浮游植物以硅藻为主。不同大小个体的藤壶摄食偏向有所差别：大个体藤壶较多地摄食大型的烧足类等浮游动物，而小个体藤壶较多地摄食小型的硅藻等浮游植物和有机碎屑。藤壶食物成分种类与其生活海区中的浮游生物种类相一致，并随海区中浮游生物种类和数量变化而变化。通过测定发现，分布于外海的三角藤壶的食物颗粒度明显大于近海虾塘中的纹藤壶的食物颗粒度。     

嵊泗列岛潮间带群落生态学研究 Ⅲ.岩相潮间带底栖生物的种类分布

对嵊泗列岛岩相潮间带底栖生物种类分布进行的研究表明,种类的水平分布主要受盐度及海岸开敞度的影响,从近岸到外海,随着盐度及海岸开敞度的增加,潮间带底栖生物的种类数呈增加的趋势。不同海区的优势种不同,近岸较屏蔽区以软体动物及甲壳动物占优势,外海开敞区以甲壳动物及藻类占优势,近外海较开敞区为一过渡区;种类的垂直分布主要受潮区及海岸开敞度的影响,各海区不同潮区生物种类数均为中潮区多于低潮区多于高潮区,高潮区基本上为滨螺分布带,中潮区为日本笠藤壶－藻类带,低潮区为藻类带;外海区种类的季节变化明显,近岸区种类季节变化小。所有物种中,以底栖海藻的季节变化最为明显。     

岩礁潮间带大型底栖生物对资源增殖保护区建立的生态响应——以台州大陈岛为例

于2006、2007和2009年台州大陈岛猪腰屿资源增殖保护区建立前、后,对该保护区内潮间带大型底栖生物进行了采样调查,分析了大型底栖生物的种类组成、数量、群落结构及增殖放流品种对保护区建立的生态响应.结果显示:保护区建立后,大型底栖生物的物种数、生物量和丰度均比建区前有明显提高;增殖放流黄口荔枝螺Thais lute...     

Breeding,settlement and survival of barnacles at artificially modified shore levels at Leigh,New Zealand

The breeding and settlement seasons of the intertidal barnacles Chamaesipho brunnea, C. columna and Elminius plicatus were determined, and experiments using cages on the shore to examine barnacle survival and growth rate at four levels were carried out at Leigh during 1964–66.

Chamaesipho brunnea bred in spring and summer; C. columna and E. plicatus bred throughout the year, but settled intermittently. When protected from predators and from overgrowth by algae, all three species survived at levels lower than normal. At higher levels C. columna, E. modestus, Balanus trigonus and Tetraclita purpuraseens survived for significant periods (C. brunnea occurs naturally higher on the shore than the highest experimental level).     

Barnacles as biomonitors of trace metal availabilities in Hong Kong coastal waters: changes in space and time

The use of selected organisms as biomonitors of trace metal bioavailabilities allows comparisons to be made over space and time. The concentrations of 11 trace metals (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, silver, zinc) were measured in the bodies of two barnacle species, Balanus amphitrite and Tetraclita squamosa, from up to 18 littoral sites from Hong Kong coastal waters in April 1998. These data provide evidence on the geographical variation in metal bioavailabilities at this time, and are compared selectively against historical data sets for 1986 and 1989. Geographical variation in bioavailabilities is clear for several metals, with hotspots for arsenic, copper, nickel and silver at Chai Wan Kok, and for lead in Junk Bay. Victoria Harbour sites head the rankings for silver and arsenic, and Tolo Harbour sites exhibit relatively elevated cobalt, manganese and zinc. Many bioavailabilities of trace metals to barnacles are lower in Hong Kong coastal waters in 1998 than in 1986. The two barnacle species are widespread and the extensive data set presented is a benchmark which can be compared to the results of similar biomonitoring programmes elsewhere in the Indo-Pacific and beyond.     

Foreign barnacles transported to New Zealand on an oil platform

Twelve species of barnacles were identified from the fouling community on the parts of the ‘Maui’ oil platform that were submerged during its tow from Japan in 1975 and after its arrival in New Zealand. The stalked barnacles Lepas anatifera L. var. (a) Darwin, L. anserifera L., Conchoderma auritum (L.), and C. virgatum (Spengler) probably settled during the tow across the tropical Pacific, and have been recorded in New Zealand waters before from ships (the Lepas spp.) and vertebrates (the Conchoderma spp.). The acorn barnacles were small, and probably settled in Japanese waters; Balanus variegatus Darwin and B. amphitrite Darwin already occur in northern New Zealand waters. The other six species—B. improvisus Darwin, B. albicostatus Pilsbry, B. reticulatus Utinomi, Megabalanus volcano (Pilsbry), M. rosa (Pilsbry), and Tetraclita squamosa japonica Pilsbry—have not been recorded from New Zealand before.     

舟山岩相潮间带动物群落结构的研究

本文应用数理统计方法研究了舟山海区岩岸潮间带中26个测站的春季动物群落结构。根据26个站的位置分为近岸区、近外海区和外海区3个区域。各站均以软体动物和甲壳动物为群落主要组成成分,群落种类组成数从近岸到外海呈增长趋势,且优势种亦从低盐种类向高盐种类演替。近岸区群落主要优势种为短滨螺Littorina brevicula、粗糙滨螺L.scabra、僧帽牡蛎Ostrea cucullata、白脊藤壶Balanus albicostatus等;近外海区为短滨螺、粒结节滨螺Nodilittorinaexigua、僧帽牡蛎、鳞笠藤壶Tetraclita squamosa squamosa、白脊藤壶等;外海区为粒结节滨螺,疣荔枝螺Purpura clavigera、条纹隔贻贝Septifer virgatus、日本笠藤壶T.japonica及藻类等。但群落个体密度和生物量从近岸到外海呈减少趋势。从近岸到外海,群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H和Pielou均匀度J均增加,而McNaughton优势度D减少。群落结构从近岸到外海渐趋复杂。但整体上,舟山海区岩岸春季动物群落结构是比较简单的(绝大多数断面H值小于2.50,J值小于0.5。而D值大于0.6)。近外海区的群落结构比较相似于外海区的群落。根据平均聚类分析,这26个群落可以分为三个生态类型,即隐蔽性岩岸群落,半隐蔽性岩岸群落及开敞性岩岸群落。     

Comparative study on the fauna composition of intertidal invertebrates between natural and artificial substrata in the northeastern coast of Jeju Island

This study was carried out to learn about differences in the sessile macrobenthic fauna communities between the artificial and natural habitats. There were some differences in terms of species composition and dominant species and community structure between two habitat types. The dominant species include Pollicipes mitella and Granuilittorina exigua in natural rocky intertidal zones; Monodonta labio confusa, Ligia exotica, Tetraclita japonica in the artificial rocky intertidal zones. Among all the species, L. exotica and T. japonica occurred only in the artificial rocky intertidal zone. The results of cluster analysis and nMDS analysis showed a distinct difference in community structure between artificial and natural rocky intertidal zones. The fauna in the natural rocky intertidal zones were similar to each other and the fauna in the artificial rocky intertidal zones were divided depending on the slope of the substratum. In the case of a sloping tetrapod, M. labio confusa and P. mitella were dominant, but at the vertical artificial seawall, Cellana nigrolineata, L. exotica T. japonica were dominant. The analysis of the species presented in natural and artificial rocky intertidal areas showed the exclusive presence of 10 species on natural rocks and 12 species on artificial rocks. The species in the natural rocky intertidal area included mobile gastropods and cnidarians (i.e. rock anemones), and the species in the artificial rocky intertidal area mostly included non-mobile attached animals. The artificial novel structure seems to contribute to increasing the heterogeneity of habitats for marine invertebrate species and an increase the species diversity in rocky coastal areas.     

降雨条件下的导航X波段雷达海浪参数反演算法研究

X波段的电磁波受降雨影响容易产生衰减,这导致导航X波段雷达在降雨时无法用于海浪观测。本文提出了一种新的降低降雨影响的算法来反演海浪参数。首先,对X波段雷达图像做主成分分析,获得波浪变化的主成分,利用一维傅里叶变换得到波数谱,对其滤波减小降雨对雷达图像的影响;然后,选取JONSWAP(Joint North Sea Wave Project)谱作为理论谱,建立以观测谱与理论谱的最小化差异为目标函数的模型,求解该模型估算海浪的有效波高。与浮标测量的有效波高相比,该方法反演的有效波高的均方根误差是0.23 m,证明了该方法的可行性。     

JZ9-3油田水质对聚合物3640C溶液黏度的影响分析

实验研究了JZ9-3油田的3种水质（水源水、污水、清污混合水）对聚合物溶液剪切前后黏度的影响。结果显示：在相同浓度条件下,清污混合水配制的聚合物溶液黏度最高,其次是污水配制的聚合物溶液,水源水配制的聚合物溶液黏度最低;聚合物溶液经WARING搅拌器（1档3 500 rpm,20 s）剪切后的黏度保留率数据显示,污水配制的聚合物溶液剪切后黏度保留率最高,当浓度大于1 000 mg/L时,保留率在90%左右;最低的是水源水配制的聚合物溶液,保留率在55%左右。分析发现二价阳离子除了对聚合物溶液的黏度存在一定的影响外,对聚合物溶液剪切后的黏度保留率影响更大。     

平衡法海水BOD快速测量仪的测量不确定度评定

介绍了一种新型的生化需氧量(BOD)快速测量仪,其采用生物反应器法的工作原理.根据其对系列标准溶液的实测结果,采用A类的评定方法,做出了该仪器测量不确定度评定.该仪器测量不确定度分段表示更能反映实际情况,即在2～8 mg/L范围,用相对不确定度表示;在2 mg几以下时,用绝对不确定度表示.该仪器在2～8 mg/L范围的相对扩展不确定度U95rel=17.3%,与标准五日法相当.     

各向同性均匀湍流近壁结构及泥沙起动

采用振动格栅产生的各向同性均匀湍流研究了泥沙的起动。应用PTV技术和局部光学放大技术对湍流场进行了测量，发现近壁面湍流动能的指数分布规律。分析了泥沙在均匀同性湍流中的起动机制，并用概率统计理论对泥沙的起动进行了定量的描述。通过测定泥沙起动事件的概率，得到了同种泥沙在不同流动参数下起动的临界湍流动能。     

Retrieving the surface axis of the Kuroshio off southern coast of Japan from SST data

1IntroductionThe remarkable shape of the axis of the Kuro-shio revealed by a simple zig-zag bathythermographwas surveyed in1965(Stommel,1972).This sur-vey revealed that the15℃isotherm at the200mdepth is indicative of the axis of the Kuroshio,and ithas be…     

气压生波的数值模似

目前海岸工程实验室中几乎都采用推板或摇板式生波机产生实验研究所需要的波浪。对于波浪、潮流、泥沙模型而言,这种生波机有两个缺点：一是妨碍潮流、泥沙的运移,二是产生二次反射使波浪场失真。是向水面喷压气体的气压装置来产生波浪,用于波浪、潮流、泥沙模型,可以避免上述两个缺点。本文通过数值模拟,认为这种方法是可行的。     

现场海域水平扩散系数的探讨 Ⅱ．黄河三角洲埕北海域的计算

根据Ｔａｙｌｏｒ的湍流扩散理论和Ｈａｙ、Ｐａｓｑｕｉｌｌ提出的拉格朗日流和欧拉流的相关函数的相似性，用黄河三角洲埕北海域的实测资料，按四种不同方案计算出该海域的水平扩散系数和谱密度分布。指出：该海区潮流扩散系数主要受潮流的影响，其分布特征与潮流的分布基本一致，所求的水平扩散系数主要是由周期性的潮运动给予潮流扰动所致。方案４是通过富氏变换滤波消去了周期性潮流扰动，本方案计算的水平扩散系数是由周期为６ｈ以下的小尺度涡提供能量。     

直流无刷电机驱动的水下电缆绞车系统

水下电缆绞车多采用液压驱动,但液压驱动存在无效动力转换,能源使用率不高,因此直流无刷电机驱动的水下电缆绞车具有实际意义。采用直流无刷电机驱动,不仅提高了水下电缆绞车系统的能源利用率,而且改善了系统的调速性能。与直流有刷电机相比,直流无刷电机可实现充油均压密封,更有利于在水下工作。介绍了直流无刷电机驱动水下电缆绞车的组成、功能及工作原理,针对研制的专用水下直流无刷电机,重点论述了其充油密封原理和工艺,并设计了一种全新的低成本高性能驱动控制电路。该水下电缆绞车系统已初步调试完毕,试验表明各项性能良好,即将投入实际应用。它具有结构简单,工作可靠,成本低的优点,因此在实际工程应用中具有推广意义。     

一类相对转动时滞非线性动力系统的稳定性分析

建立了具有时变刚度、非线性阻尼和谐波激励的一类相对转动时滞非线性动力系统的动力学方程.采用多尺度法推导出时滞动力系统的分岔响应方程,运用奇异性理论研究系统结构稳定性,得到主共振稳态响应方程的转迁集以及不同参数下分岔曲线的拓扑结构.应用Hopf分岔理论讨论了时滞动力系统动态稳定性,给出了系统产生极限环的条件,最后用数值模拟的方法研究了时滞参数对系统极限环幅值的影响.