2OO2年冬季象山港大型底栖生物生态分布特征

根据拟建的浙江宁海电厂环境评价项目的要求,于2002年冬季对象山港水域大型底栖生物进行了调查,共发现大型底栖生物43种,其中多毛类的种类最多,其次是软体动物和棘皮动物,分别占总种数的44%、26%和21%,全区总平均生物量为103.32g/m2,总平均栖息密度为123个/m2。通过种类相似性聚类和数值多维尺度的分析得出,该区大型底栖生物可划分为5个群落: 为翅状索沙蚕-寡鳃卷吻沙蚕-奇异稚齿虫群落; 为纵肋织纹螺-缩头节节虫群落; 为高骨片沙鸡头-菲律宾蛤仔-凸镜蛤群落; 为棘刺锚参群落; 为洼颚倍棘蛇尾-纵肋织纹螺-黄短口螺群落。群落间的种类和数量呈明显差异。同时,还对影响底栖生物分布的环境因子进行了分析。     

厦门岛岩相潮间带生物种类组成与数量分布

本文报道了厦门岛岩相潮间带生物２７６种，其中藻类、软体动物和其他动物占总数的６５．２１％，夏季和冬季平均生物量为１３６５．０９ｇ／ｍ＾２，平均栖息密度为３１１０个／ｍ＾２。生物量以甲壳动物居首位，软体运动居第二位；栖息密度以本动物居首位，甲壳动物占第二位。     

长乐国际机场附近沙滩潮间带的生态

本文研究了福建长乐国际机场附近漳港沙滩潮间带的生态。结果表明，该区生物６０种。其中，多毛类动物１９种，软体动物２４种，甲壳动物１１种，棘皮动物２种，其他动物４种；种类性质以热带，亚热带种占优势。平均生物量４．３４ｇ／ｍ＾２，平均栖息密度１５个／ｍ＾２。数量以中潮区较大。群落结构不大稳定，初步认为与沙滩特殊生境有关。     

象山港对虾增殖和流区浮游植物现存量和实级生产力

１９９２年笔者对象山港水域浮游植物现在生物量和初级生产力进行了观测研究，结果表明，象山港水理一个高生物量的海湾，平均叶绿素ａ浓度为３．５０－５．９３ｍｇ／ｍ＾３；初级生产力瑞为４４４．５－８７１．０ｍｇ／（ｍ＾２．ｄ），湾内不同海区叶绿素ａ和初级生产力分布具有明显的空间区域和时间季节性，港顶部陆缘影响显著，水体交换缓稳定性好，生物量和初级生产力较高；港口受邻近海水的不断调节，海汉较不体交换快稳定性     

厦门黄厝文昌鱼保护区监测与研究

本文报道了１９９４年７月至１９９５年７月厦门黄厝文昌鱼自然保护区的监测结果。表明该区文昌鱼的数量较大，（平均密度１４２尾／ｍ＾２，平均生物量８．１０ｇ／ｍ＾２），体长组成以１１－４０ｍｍ为多，其性成熟主要在４月上、中旬，生殖期集中在４月下旬至５月上旬；文昌鱼栖息地义南类型以粗中砂为主，有机质含量较低，平均０．１４（ｍ／ｍ）；区内底栖生物５８种，种类以多毛类，软体动物和甲壳动物为主，数量则以棘皮动物     

海坛岛潮下带棘皮动物的分布

报道了１９９０年５月－１９９１年２月在海坛岛潮下带进行棘皮动物调查的结果,调查区有棘皮动物３８种,平均生物量和栖息密度分别为６．６ｇ／ｍ＾２和２０个／ｍ＾２,生物量和密度分布调查区北面高南面低。并讨论了调查区棘皮动物的种类组成,分主季节 变化等特点。     

台湾海峡西部海域软质海底多毛类的生态

本文根据１９８４－１９８５年４航次底栖生物调查资料，首次全面地研究了台湾海峡西部海域多毛类的种类组成，数量分布及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明，该海域多毛类４０４种，习见种１９１种，区系属亚热带性质；平均生物量４．３３ｇ／ｍ＾２，平均栖息密度６８个／ｍ＾２；有沿岸性和外洋性两种明显不同的生态类型，前者位于沿岸水系常年控制海域，种类多，数量较大，后者位于南部粗粒沉积物分布区，种类较少；多毛类高数量区与     

胶州湾口内海水中叶绿素浓度的周年变化和垂直分布

于１９８３年１１月－１９８５年１１月在胶州湾两个观测站逐月进行了２周年的海水中叶绿素浓度的定点研究。结果表明，（１）胶州湾口表层海水中的叶绿素α平均浓度为３．０５（１．０２－１５．６２）ｍｇ／ｍ＾３；真光层中平均为２６．３４（９．９７－１０６．５９）ｍｇ／ｍ＾２；其季节变化呈春（３－４月）、秋（９－１１月）双峰型。（２）小型（＜７８μｍ）的浮游植物平均占海水中叶绿素α的８５．７６％。（３）叶绿素ａ     

湄洲湾夏季的初级生产力

湄洲湾１９９２年夏季的叶绿素ａ，三磷酸腺苷，碳比积累速率，初级生产力的变化范围和均值分别为０．４５－４．７２，１．４９ｍｇ／ｍ＾３；０．１２－１．０７，０．３１μｇ／ｄｍ＾３；０．０６－０．５８，０．３４ｄ＾－１；０．０７－０．３４，０．２１ｍ／（ｍ＾２．ｄ）。叶绿素ａ与三磷酸腺苷之间。初级生产力与碳比积累速率之间均呈正相关关系。叶绿素ａ三磷本能腺苷的比值为４．８，湄洲湾夏季浮游植物的生长受氮不足     

浙北潮下带（0——5m）大型底栖生物生态

首次对浙北潮下带（０～－５ｍ）水域生物学调查表明：共鉴定底栖生物２２２种，隶属１０３科１７０属；该区生物数量较高（生物量为８０．８８ｇ／ｍ２，栖息密度为６５５个／ｍ２），以软体动物为主要类群；群落结构可划分为五个类型。底栖生物的分布与水域盐度、温度、底质性质、海湾屏蔽度有密切的关系。     

Microbial Biomass and Organic Nutrients in the Deep-Sea Sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin

In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification

An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Deep-Sea Sediment Compression Curves: Some Controlling Factors, Spurious Overconsolidation, Predictions, and Geophysical Reproduction

Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,     

Evaluation of the Risk of Marine Slope Instability: A Pseudo-3D Approach for Application to Large Areas

This article presents a methodology developed to evaluate the instability of submarine slopes that extend over a large area. Special attention was paid to (1) the complex geometry (bathymetry) and the expanse of the slope, (2) the heterogeneity of the sediment, and (3) the distribution of the pore pressure. The safety factor was considered as a spatially varying quantity. The General Formulation (GLE, Fredlund and Krahn 1977), which fully satisfies equilibrium conditions, was used for evaluating the stability of the marine slope. The submarine slope failure, which occurred on 16 October 1979 during the construction of the new Nice airport, was studied in order to test the developed model. Geotechnical parameters were taken from experimental tests carried out by IFREMER on 19 cores extracted at different depths (from 27 m to 1300 m) (Cochonat, Bourillet, and Savoye, 1993; Mulder et al., 1994). Many scenarios were proposed in order to explain the cause of the Nice slope failure (Habib, 1994). In this article, two of those scenarios were tested. Simulation results are presented and discussed.