Self-similar adiabatic flow headed by a magnetogasdynamic cylindrical shock wave in a rotating non-ideal gas

Similarity solutions are obtained for one-dimensional adiabatic flow behind a magnetogasdynamic cylindrical shock wave propagating in a rotating non-ideal gas in presence of an azimuthal magnetic field. The density of the medium ahead of the shock is assumed to be constant. In order to obtain the similarity solutions the angular velocity of the ambient medium is assumed to be obeying a power law and to be decreasing as the distance from the axis increases. It is found that the similarity solutions exist, in both the cases, when the initial magnetic field is constant or obeying a power law. The effects of an increase in the value of the index for variation of angular velocity of the ambient medium, in the value of the parameter of the non-idealness of the gas and in the strength of the initial magnetic field are obtained.     

Nonlinear phenomena related to the solar shock motion in the Earth’s magnetosphere

The motion of the MHD nonlinear shock in the Earth’s magnetosphere is considered in the scope of magnetic hydrodynamics. This wave comes from the solar wind and is refracted into the magnetosphere, generating a fast return rarefaction wave. It has been indicated that a wave refracted into the magnetosphere is a weak fast dissipative shock, propagating in magnetospheric plasma at a velocity higher than its propagation velocity in a solar wind stream. The wave motion near the Earth-Sun line with regard to the effect of the geomagnetic field transverse component is described. In this case, shock damping follows the generalized Crussard-Landau law and a wave retains its shock character up to the plasmapause, interacting with this region when an arbitrary MHD discontinuity is disintegrated. It is stated that an MHD shock loses its shock character when moving in a strongly inhomogeneous plasma within the plasmasphere and a weak shock reflected from the plasmapause can combine with a return secondary shock in the magnetosheath, promoting the experimentally observed backward motion of the bow shock front.     

磁流体冲激波在非均匀磁场中的传播

本文应用Chisnell- no方法,求解了在理想介貭中,垂直磁流体冲激波在非均勻磁場中的传播問題。这种方法,把非均勻介貭分解成无限小的弱間断面,根据气体动力学中波与間断面相互作用的原理,算出激波通过弱間断面时的强度变化,然后用积分求得激波通过整个非均勻区时的强度变化。作者引入了激波的特征速度（它是激波在波前后介貭中传播速度的几何平均值）作为輔助参量,得到形式上比較簡单的激波传播方程。然后考虑了磁压力远大于气体压力的强磁介貭中的激波传播問題,并进行了数值积分。采用的介貭密度模型有三种:（1）阿尔芬波速为常数;（2）密度不变;（3）密度与磁場强度成正比。計算結果表明:当激波由弱磁場向强磁場传播时,激波的强度逐漸变弱。其中,在阿尔芬波速为常数的介貭中,激波强度的衰减最为緩慢;在密度不变的介貭中,激波强度的衰減最为迅速;而在密度与磁場成正比的介貭中,激波强度的衰減則介乎上述两种密度分布之間。作者联系磁流体冲激波在地球外层空間的传播問題进行了討論,密度的模型采取大气啃昔的观測結果（卽上述第三种密度分布）,并进行了适当的外推,估計了在十个地球半径处的磁流体冲激波传到地面时的强度,求出了激波在地面引起的磁場变化与激波初始速度之間的关系。根据上述簡化模型,計算結果表明,在十个地球半径处初始速度为10⁸厘米/秒的激波,传到地面引起的磁場变化大約为60伽（亻馬）,这个数值的量級恰好与中低緯度强磁暴的急始变幅相符。     

Alfvèn波与慢激波的相互作用

本文分析了斜入射波矢与背景磁场和激波法线共面时,一维小幅度Alfvèn波干扰下,慢激波的稳定性问题;论证了Alfvèn波在慢激波上的射线反射和折射规律;并就日冕慢激波情形进行了具体的数值计算。结果表明,除非上游法向流速接近上游法向Alfvèn波波速,在上述斜入射的Alfvèn波干扰下,慢激波总是稳定的。日冕慢激波是这种稳定性的一个例子;日冕慢激波的存在,能使起源于日冕向行星际空间传播（不管它起源于日冕慢激波之内或外）的Alfvèn波的法向能流密度增大。     

Surfatron particle acceleration in the near-Earth shock wave

A theoretical model, within the scope of which the process of surfatron particle acceleration (surfing) at the shock front was studied, is proposed to describe the near-Earth shock wave structure. The most complex shock front geometry, when it is assumed that the magnetic field vectors and the velocity of the plasma flow incident on the front are oriented arbitrarily with respect to the front plane, has been considered in detail. The theoretical ultimate energies of protons, accelerated due to surfing at the shock front, agree with the observational data.     

Slow motion of a viscous conducting fluid past ellipsoids in the presence of a toroidal magnetic field

Summary An attempt has been made here, to obtain solutions for the velocity and magnetic field, for a flow past an ellipsoid, in the presence of a toroidal magnetic field, when magnetic Reynold number and Hartman number are small.     

Solar-terrestrial storm of November 18–20, 2003. 1. Near-Earth disturbances in the solar wind

The structure, configuration, dynamics, and solar sources of the near-Earth MHD disturbance of the solar wind on November 20, 2003, is considered. The disturbances of October 24 and November 22 after flares from the same AR 10484 (10501) are compared. The velocity field in the leading part of the sporadic disturbance is for the first time studied in the coordinate system stationary relative to the bow shock. A possible scenario of the physical processes in the course of this solar-terrestrial storm is discussed in comparison with the previously developed scenario for the storm of July 15, 2000. It has been indicated that (1) the near-Earth disturbance was observed at the sector boundary (HCS) and in its vicinities and (2) the disturbance MHD structure included: the complicated bow shock, wide boundary layer with reconnecting fields at a transition from the shock to the magnetic cloud, magnetic cloud with a magnetic cavity including packed substance of an active filament, and return shock layer (supposedly). It has been found out that the shock front configuration and the velocity field are reproduced at an identical position of AR and HCS relative to the Earth on November 20 and 24. It has been indicated that the maximal magnetic induction in the cloud satisfied the condition B _m = (8πn ₁ m _p)^1/2(D ? NV₁), i.e., depended on the dynamic impact on the cloud during all three storms [Ivanov et al., 1974]. When the disturbance was related to solar sources, the attention has been paid to the parallelism of the axes of symmetry of the active filament, transient coronal hole, coronal mass ejection, zero line of the open coronal field (HCS), and the axis of the near-Earth magnetic cloud: the regularity previously established in the scenario of the storm of July 15, 2000 [Ivanov et al., 2005]. It has been indicated that the extremely large B _m value in the cloud of October 20 was caused by a strong suppression of the series of postflare shocks reflected from the heliospheric streamer.     

地球弓激波前的低频磁流体波

一、引言 在地球弓激波前存在着低频磁流体波。这种低频磁流体波是太阳风在地球弓激波上的反射粒子和太阳风粒子之间相互作用产生的。根据人造卫星的观测资料可以得到,在地球弓激波前,Pc3-4脉动频率范围内的低频磁流体波的主频率和行星际磁场强度     

Magnetic field behavior in the magnetosheath when the IMF slightly differs from the solar wind velocity vector

The magnetic field behavior in the magnetosheath, when the IMF and the solar wind velocity are almost collinear, has been analyzed based on the perturbation method. Magnetic disturbances are considered against a background of the stationary MHD solar wind flow around the magnetosphere when the magnetic field and the solar wind velocity are strictly collinear. It has been indicated that the angle between the magnetic field and velocity vectors increases considerably in a relatively thin layer near the magnetopause. The angle rise factor profiles have been determined for different distances from the subsolar point. The thickness of the layer, where the angle reaches values of about unity and more, has been estimated. It is important to take this layer into account when the magnetopause stability with respect to Kelvin-Helmholtz waves is analyzed.     

On the magnetic field diffusion in mhd modeling of the inner coma of comet halley

Abstract

Some approaches of one-dimensional time-dependent magneto-hydrodynamic modeling of the structure of the inner coma of comet Halley are considered. The influence of the magnetic field diffusion on this structure is studied. The solution of Cravens (1989) approach containing classic magnetic diffusion is compared with an approach containing a specific diffusion, caused by non-instantaneous mass-loading of new ions. A case with no magnetic field is also considered. Common features of all the solutions are obtained. Special attention is paid to the sharp velocity jump, synchronized with a local density pick. Some differences between two types of magnetic field diffusion are discussed. A possible connection is supposed between this consideration and the large-scale shock fitting modeling of the solar plasma-comet interaction.     

Magnetic clouds and interplanetary particle transport: a numerical model

Magnetic clouds modify the structure of the interplanetary magnetic field on spatial scales of tenth of AU. Their influence on the transport of energetic charged particles is studied with a numerical model that treats the magnetic cloud as an outward propagating modification of the focusing length. As a rule of thumb, the influence of the magnetic cloud on particle intensity and anisotropy profiles increases with decreasing particle mean free path and decreasing particle speed. Three cases are considered: (1) when the magnetic cloud is the driver of a shock that accelerates particles as it propagates outward, (2) when the magnetic cloud interacts with a prior solar energetic particle event, and (3) when a magnetic cloud already is present in interplanetary space at the time of a solar energetic particle event. In the latter case the cloud acts as a barrier, storing the bulk of the particles in its downstream medium.     

Unsteady hydromagnetic flow in a porous annulus with time-dependent pressure gradient

Summary Problem of unsteady motion of a conducting viscous incompressible fluid through an annulus with porous walls under an external radial magnetic field has been discussed. Taking the Reynolds number and the magnetic Reynolds number to be equal, exact solution of the problem is obtained in terms of Bessel functions when the motion is due to the time-dependent pressure gradient or the time-dependent velocity of either of the boundaries. Two types of dependence on time are considered; one, exponentially increasing, and the other, exponentially decreasing. Solutions in certain extreme cases are also discussed.     

Magneto-elastic shear waves in a conducting,infinite plate in vacuum

Summary The influence of an external magnetic field on the propagation of purely transverse waves polarized parallel to the plane faces in a homogeneous, initially unstressed, infinitely conducting, elastic flat plate extending to infinity has been investigated. We have found that such waves can be propagated only if the field is normal to the direction of polarization.The effects are of three fold depending on the inclination of the field to the direction of propagation. When the field is normal, it is to decrease the range of modes in which a disturbance of given frequency can be propagated; when parallel, it is to increase the velocity of each mode without decreasing the range of modes of propagation. In both these cases, the different modes can be classified into symmetric and anti-symmetric modes. In the general case, not only the phase velocity and the range of modes are affected over those of purely elastic case but the symmetric and anti-symmetric types of motion are coupled in every mode.     

A unified approach to a class of slow dynamos

Abstract

Dynamo action in a highly conducting fluid with small magnetic diffusivity η is particularly sensitive to the topology of the flow. The sites of rapid magnetic field regeneration, when they occur, appear to be located at the stagnation points or in regions where the particle paths are chaotic. Elsewhere only slow dynamo action is to be expected. Two such examples are the nearly axially symmetric dynamo of Braginsky and the generalisation to smooth velocity fields of the Ponomarenko dynamo. Here a method of solution is developed, which applies to both these examples and is applicable to other situations, where magnetic field lines are close to either closed or spatially periodic contours. Particular attention is given to field generation in the neighbourhood of resonant surfaces where growth rates may be intermediate between the slow diffusive and fast convective time scales. The method is applied to the case of the two-dimensional ABC-flows, where it is shown that such intermediate dynamo action can occur on resonant surfaces.     

Exact solutions of magnetohydrodynamics for describing different structural disturbances in solar wind

We use analytical methods of magnetohydrodynamics to describe the behavior of cosmic plasma. This approach makes it possible to describe different structural fields of disturbances in solar wind: shock waves, direction discontinuities, magnetic clouds and magnetic holes, and their interaction with each other and with the Earth’s magnetosphere. We note that the wave problems of solar–terrestrial physics can be efficiently solved by the methods designed for solving classical problems of mathematical physics. We find that the generalized Riemann solution particularly simplifies the consideration of secondary waves in the magnetosheath and makes it possible to describe in detail the classical solutions of boundary value problems. We consider the appearance of a fast compression wave in the Earth’s magnetosheath, which is reflected from the magnetosphere and can nonlinearly overturn to generate a back shock wave. We propose a new mechanism for the formation of a plateau with protons of increased density and a magnetic field trough in the magnetosheath due to slow secondary shock waves. Most of our findings are confirmed by direct observations conducted on spacecrafts (WIND, ACE, Geotail, Voyager-2, SDO and others).     

根据宇宙线Forbush下降计算地球轨道附近的耀斑击波

本文根据Forbush下降幅度随源耀斑经度分布的东、西不对称性,得到了有关地球轨道附近的一种由耀斑引起的冲击波模型。发现冲击波各向异性传播且表现出东、西不对称性。击波西部是强磁场区,东部为弱磁场区。与此相反,动力学参数和等离子体参数β则是东部比西部高。耀斑产生的扰动有分别向东、西方向的方位角速度存在。该模型同观测资料和理论推论是一致的。它能对磁扰和宇宙线Forbush下降等东、西不对称效应给出统一而自然的解释。耀斑等离子体流的这种东、西不对称性流动的可能起因也作了讨论。     

Convection in a rotating magnetic system and Taylor's constraint

Abstract

A system is considered in which electrically conducting fluid is contained between two rigid horizontal planes and bounded laterally by a circular cylinder. The fluid is permeated by a strong azimuthal magnetic field. The strength of the field increases linearly with distance from the vertical axis of the cylinder, about which the entire system rotates rapidly. An unstable temperature gradient is maintained by heating the fluid from below and cooling from above. When viscosity and inertia are neglected, an arbitrary geostrophic velocity, which is aligned with the applied azimuthal magnetic field and independent of the axial coordinate, can be superimposed on the basic axisymmetric state. In this inviscid limit, the geostrophic velocity which occurs at the onset of convection is such that the net torque on geostrophic cylinders vanishes (Taylor's condition). The mathematical problem which describes the ensuing marginal convection is nonlinear, and was discussed previously for the planar case by Soward (1986). Here new features are isolated which result from the cylindrical geometry. New asymptotic solutions are derived valid when Taylor's condition is relaxed to include viscous effects.     

磁通量浮现驱动磁场重联的数值研究

应用二维时变可压缩磁流体动力学数值模拟,研究了双极－单极磁场中由于磁通量浮现驱动的磁场重联过程．结果表明,双极场与单极场间磁力线的重联形成上升的冷而密的等离子体团,磁场演变成鞭状结构．向上运动的等离子体团到达其最大高度后将回落和弥散.等离子体团最大上升速度达０．１４ＶＡ,等离子体最大上升速度达０．２７ＶＡ,ＶＡ为下边界处的Ａｌｆｖｅｎ速度．随着磁通量浮现幅度的增大,等离子体上升速度增加,重联过程发展得较快．背景等离子体β１值（β１为等离子体压力与磁压之比）越小,等离子体团中密度增量越大．磁Ｌｕｎｄｑｕｉｓｔ数Ｓ在１０３－１０６之间的改变对等离子体的速度和密度增量影响并不明显．与电阻撕裂模不稳定性引起的自发重联相比,磁通量浮现会更有效地驱动双极－单极场中的磁场重联过程,寻致日冕Ｈα冲浪和Ｘ射线喷流的形成．     

Unsteady hydromagnetic flow in an annulus with porous Walls when the inner boundary starts moving from rest

Summary The problem of unsteady hydromagnetic flow in a porous annulus when the inner boundary starts moving from rest with a constant longitudinal velocity is considered. For the case of equal Reynolds number and magnetic Reynolds number Laplace transforms of the solutions for the axial components of velocity and magnetic field are obtained in terms of modified Bessel functions. The inversions are effected for the cases of very large and small Reynolds number when the pressure gradient vanishes.     

Magneto-elastic love waves

Summary The propagation of Love waves under the influence of an externally applied magnetic field is studied. The general phase velocity equation is derived and two special cases when the magnetic field is aligned with and transverse to the direction of wave propagation are discussed. in these cases, it is found that the magneto-elastic problem in hand can be reduced to the corresponding problem in pure elasticity.