双排弹性桩隔振屏障对平面SH波的多重散射

提出了一种新的求解任意排列、任意半径的弹性桩对平面SH波的多重散射的理论方法,以解决以往假设单重散射的计算方法中不考虑桩列作为整体屏障从而忽略桩间相互干涉关系的不足,并且可用于分析多排弹性桩对平面SH波的散射性状。在数值计算分析中讨论了散射重数,排间距,桩土剪切模量比,桩数等对双排弹性桩屏障隔离效果的影响,从而对实际工程中利用排桩进行振动污染的治理和屏障隔振设计提出了重要的理论依据。     

屏障隔振系统失效机理的探讨

屏障隔振是一种用来阻碍或改变外围振波向受保护区(屏蔽区)传播的工程方法，由于其机理的探讨尚不深入，工程实践中常出现隔振系统失效的现象．本假设屏障是埋入土介质的中厚弹性板，采用薄层法分析了该弹性板在振波作用下的振动响应和屏蔽区内位移变化规律；研究了影响屏障隔振效果的主要参量；发现了使屏障隔振效率降低甚至失效的入射波全透射现象．结果表明柔性屏障易发生波的全透射，并指出了避免屏障失效的措施．     

轨道交通典型隔振屏障隔振效果模型试验研究

为了研究轨道交通中几种典型隔振屏障的隔振效果,本文通过室外模型试验,以振动加速度级作为振动评价标准,对其做出分析并给出相应评价。结果表明:(1)土体振动主要是由中低频振动波引起的;(2)对比分析几种典型连续隔振屏障的隔振效果:空沟>地下连续墙>碎石填充沟>橡胶填充沟;综合考察几种非连续隔振屏障得出:混凝土桩的隔振效果优于隔振井;隔振效果优劣比较为:混凝土实心桩>混凝土空心桩>PVC空井>碎石填充井>橡胶填充井;(3)对于单排混凝土空心桩,空心率越大,隔振效果相对越差;空心桩内部形状的改变对隔振效果影响不大,外部形状的改变对隔振效果有一定程度影响,但效果不显著,且桩体外截面为方形时的隔振效果较圆形差。     

分层土地基中几何参数对单排混凝土桩隔振效果的影响

为了研究分层土地基（上层为粘土层,下层为砂层）条件下几何参数对单排混凝土桩的隔振效果,该试验通过缩尺比例为1∶15的缩尺模型试验,以激振器作为点振源产生振动波向四周扩散,通过对比单排桩前后两侧振动加速度极值,清晰地展现出了单排桩对振动波的的影响区域,并得到了几何参数的隔振影响作用。在该试验条件下得出结论:相对于其他影响因素,桩长是影响隔振效果的重要参数,当桩长参数由0.28增至0.57时可提高约9％的隔振面积,同时增加桩长和隔振区长度可使隔振区域振幅大幅度减小与有效隔振面积大幅增加,但同时会造成桩前一侧振动增强;对于低频振动,单排桩隔振屏障对中频和高频有更好的隔振作用,该试验条件下隔振效果可相差约3％,且频率越高,穿透性越强,且将在桩后形成一个振动加强区;增加振源距可有效提高隔振效果,但当频率较低时,中远振源的隔振效果相近。     

轨道交通连续型隔振屏障隔振效果有限元分析

为评价轨道交通连续型隔振屏障的隔振效果,通过Abaqus有限元数值方法,对空沟、填充沟等连续型屏障的隔振效果及其影响因素进行分析。结果表明：隔振屏障前侧振动加强,屏障后侧存在较好地隔振效果,屏障参数的变化对屏障前振动加强效果的影响较小,部分屏障参数的变化对屏障后侧隔振效果存在影响;屏障的隔振性能随屏障深度的增大而增强,受屏障宽度的影响较小;橡胶板墙隔振性能较差,空沟和混凝土板墙的隔振性能较强,空沟的隔振效果强于混凝土板墙;屏障距离路基越近隔振效果越好,建议工程上应用屏障隔振时,屏障靠近路基设置。     

连续型隔振屏障在高速铁路环境振动问题治理中的应用研究

为探究高速铁路两侧隔振屏障隔振效果，采用有限元与无限元边界结合的方式进行分析，研究不同连续型隔振屏障及布置形式对隔振效果的影响。通过现场试验与同尺寸、同属性有限元模型对比试验，验证有限元模型合理性。计算结果表明:不同连续型隔振屏障中，空沟隔振效果最优，空沟隔振措施适合高速列车隔振；隔振屏障宽度为0.6～2.5倍波长时，其对隔振效果的影响较小，随着宽度的改变，隔振效果变化幅度较小；隔振屏障深度为3.8～15.2倍波长时，其对隔振效果的影响较明显，随着深度的增加，隔振效果增强；屏障位置对隔振效果的影响较大，建议屏障应靠近路基布置；连续型隔振屏障对高频的隔振效果优于低频。     

饱和地基中空沟近场隔振的现场试验与二维半解析边界元分析

动力机器运行和车辆行驶等会产生振动污染,危及邻近建筑物安全和干扰精密仪器设备正常运行等。这些振动污染可通过在地基中设置空沟的方式来降低或消除。针对饱和地基上明置动力机器基础的环境振动影响及空沟近场隔振问题,进行了饱和地基上空沟近场隔振的现场试验,并对试验结果进行了无量纲化分析;基于饱和土半解析边界元法,分别推导了动力机器基础环境振动影响和空沟近场隔振的边界元方程;在此基础上,详细研究了空沟对动力机器基础振动影响的隔振效果,分析了空沟深度、宽度和距振源距离对其隔振效果的影响。结果表明:空沟能够有效的降低动力机器基础的环境振动影响;空沟宽度对其隔振效果影响相对较小,而空沟深度对其隔振效果影响较大,为获得较好的隔振效果,空沟深度建议取1倍Rayleigh波波长;空沟距振源距离对其隔振效果也有较大影响,距离越远则隔振效果也越好,当被保护建筑距振源较远时,建议空沟在被保护建筑附近设置。此外,在某些特殊情况下,空沟隔振系统会由于共振现象而出现隔振效果劣化的现象,在工程设计中应予以注意。     

双排隔振屏障对振动波的阻隔作用及动力响应分析

本文采用模拟试验的方法,对分层土地基中双排隔振屏障对振动波的动力响应进行了探讨,并研究了桩长与土层分界面位置关系、激振频率对其隔振效果的影响作用,得出结论:（1）屏障前振动强度远大于屏障后振动强度,并随着振源距、激振频率、桩长的增加而下降,且屏障前出现明显振动增强现象,在激振频率80 Hz时产生振动峰值,振动强度在高频时基本稳定,继续增加激振频率,振动强度并不会发生明显变化。（2）屏障后中线左右2倍桩长范围内为整个隔振区域的薄弱区,其他区域则由包络线围成一个封闭有效隔振区。（3）屏障对中频和高频有更好的隔振效果,且桩长越大有效隔振面积越大,当桩长超过土层分界面时,有效隔振面积可达到53.25%～69.78%,但此时有效隔振面积增幅由原来的14.29%下降到11.64%,增幅降低了约3%。（4）未设屏障区振动强度较小,随激振频率小范围内浮动,在激振频率为30 Hz和80 Hz时取得振动峰值,且随着屏障布置方向减小,即靠近屏障一侧振动强度较强,远离屏障一侧振动强度较弱。     

均质及双层地基土条件下环形沟隔振效果分析

为了探究均质地基和双层土地基条件下环形沟几何参数变化对其隔振区域的影响规律,及环形沟在不同地基土层中隔振效果的差异,本文建立缩尺比为1: 15的模型试验,以地基土类型、环形沟深度、宽度及圆心角为研究变量,通过开展具体试验进行探究。结果表明:在均质地基和双层土地基环形沟隔振中,环形沟宽度变化对其隔振效果影响较小,环形沟深度及圆心角是影响其隔振效果的重要参数,且深度和圆心角越大,隔振效果越好,但当地基土为成层土地基,环形沟深在临近土层分界面深度增大时,环形沟隔振效果相对减弱;在均质地基和双层土地基中,相同参数条件下,均质地基土较双层地基土具有更好的隔振特性;振源与环形沟之间及环形沟末端位置区域由于振动波的传播特性存在振动增强区域。     

地铁列车荷载作用下Duxseal-WIB隔振性能数值分析

城市轨道交通快速便捷的同时,地铁运行产生的环境振动问题也日益突出。Duxseal作为一种工业填料,具有良好的阻尼性能并能吸收振动反射能,将其运用到地铁隔振中,提出一种带孔波阻板填充Duxseal(DXWIB)的隔振方法。通过建立三维ABAQUS有限元模型,对比分析波阻板(WIB)、蜂窝状波阻板(HWIB)和DXWIB的隔振效果,讨论DXWIB埋置深度及厚度对隔振效果的影响,并分析基床表层和地面的振动规律。计算结果表明:DXWIB的隔振效果最优,而WIB与HWIB的隔振效果相近;DXWIB在埋深0.5 m厚度0.8 m时隔振效果最佳;基床表层的振动规律表现为由振源向两侧横向传播中,加速度整体呈衰减趋势,而在地面传播过程中,加速度峰值呈先增大后减小再增大的趋势,在距轨道中轴线20 m和50 m处出现局部放大效应。     

Three-dimensional analysis of rows of piles as passive barriers for ground vibration isolation

This paper presents a theoretical study on the ground vibration isolation efficiency by multi-rows of piles as passive barrier in a three-dimensional context. Integral equations governing Rayleigh wave scattering are derived according to the Green's solution of Lamb problem. The integral equations are solved accurately and efficiently with an iteration technique. They are used to predict the complicated Rayleigh wave field that is generated by a number of irregular scatterers embedded in an elastic half-space solid. The method is verified with a numerical solution available in the literature for a simplified Rayleigh wave scattering problem. Passive isolation effectiveness of ground vibration with two or three rows of small piles is further studied in detail. Effects of relevant parameters on the effectiveness of vibration isolation are analyzed and presented.     

Field experiments on wave propagation and vibration isolation by using wave barriers

In this paper, the obtained results from the experimental studies describe the basic characteristics of wave propagation and ability of possible measures to reduce the impact of soil vibrations on structural response for both active and passive isolation cases. A series of field tests on the foundation vibrations generated by electrodynamic shaker are performed to examine the screening efficiency of open and in-filled trench barriers which are constructed for full-scale measurement. From field measurements of amplitude with and without the barrier, the amplitude reduction ratio is estimated at different points of interest. Wave propagating characteristics and frequency-dependent screening effects of the wave barriers are investigated according to various isolation material stiffnesses. The remarkable outcomes from these experimental studies can be briefly generalized as follows: backfilled trench with softer material than soil is more effective for the passive isolation than the active one. The reduction effects of wave barriers depend on the frequency of vibration source for both passive and active isolation cases. In-situ measurements confirm that vibration screening systems using open or in-filled trench barriers can be applied as a reduction measure for soil vibrations due to a moving load which is considered as stationary wave source in this problem.     

Attenuation of ground vibrations using in-filled wave barriers

Ground vibrations generated by construction activities can adversely affect the structural health of adjacent buildings and foundations supporting them. Therefore propagation and rate of attenuation of construction induced ground vibrations is important during construction activities, particularly in urban areas where constructions are carried out in the vicinity of existing structures. In practice wave barriers are installed in the ground to mitigate the ground vibration propagation and hence to minimise the effect of ground vibrations on surrounding structures. Different types of fill materials such as bentonite, EPS geofoam and concrete are used in constructing wave barriers. In this study, a three-dimensional finite element model is developed to study the efficiency of different fill materials in attenuating ground vibrations. The model is first verified using data from full scale field experiments, where EPS geofoam has been used as a fill material in wave barriers. Then the same model has been used to evaluate the efficiency of open trenches, water filled wave barriers and EPS geofoam filled wave barriers on attenuation of ground vibrations. EPS geofoam is found to be the most efficient fill material, providing attenuation efficiency closer to open trenches. The efficiency of EPS geofoam and water filled wave barriers can be significantly increased by increasing the depth of the wave barrier.     

Modelling of pile wave barriers by effective trenches and their screening effectiveness

The three-dimensional problem of isolation of vibration by a row of piles is studied numerically on the basis of a model replacing the row of piles by an effective trench in order to reduce the modelling complexity. The analysis is accomplished with the aid of an advanced frequency domain boundary element method, which is used for both the infilled trench and the soil medium in conjunction with a coupling procedure based on enforcement of equilibrium and compatibility at the trench–soil interface. Linear elastic or viscoelastic material behaviour is assumed for both the piles and the soil. The piles can be tubular or solid and have circular or square cross-section. The vibration source is a vertical force, harmonically varying with time, and the row of piles acts as a passive wave barrier. The effective trench model is constructed by invoking well known homogenization techniques used in the mechanics of fibre-reinforced composite materials, and its accuracy is compared against a rigorous boundary element analysis modelling each pile separately in full contact with the soil medium. On the basis of the effective trench model, the screening effectiveness of a row of piles is studied through parametric studies.     

Analysis on multiple scattering by an arbitrary configuration of piles as barriers for vibration isolation

By introducing the multiple scattering of acoustic or electromagnetic waves by an arbitrary configuration of parallel cylinders, a new formal solution that is different from the traditional ones to solve the problem of plane elastic waves scattering by cylindrical solid piles as barriers for environmental vibration isolation has been established. The first order of scattering is generated from the excitation of each pile by incident waves, and the second order is resulted from the excitation of each pile by the first order of scattering induced by remaining piles. The rest to an infinite can be executed in the same manner. Suppose that each order of scattering satisfies continuity boundary conditions at the surface of each pile, the undetermined scattering coefficients would be figured out ultimately. By introducing the normalized displacement amplitude and transmissibility indices, some properties of vibration isolation by single or multi-row of piles are analyzed. Influences of specific parameters such as scattering orders, separations between piles and pile rows, normalized frequencies, number of piles, etc. are investigated. Several instructive results are derived and recommended for designing piles as barriers for environmental vibration isolation.     

移动车辆荷载环境微振动的排桩隔振参数分析

为满足精密仪器振速控制要求,提出“群桩基础+隔振排桩”与空气弹簧的两级组合隔振措施。主要研究路面移动车辆荷载经过时,第一级隔振中排桩的隔振效果。实测土体小应变动力参数,通过编写车辆-路面耦合单元(VRI)子程序引入路面不平顺,并基于三维有限元法建立了道路-排桩-地基动力模型。将模拟振速经1/3倍频程滤波与实测进行对比,并对隔振排桩进行了参数分析。研究结果表明:两级隔振体系可满足VC-E微振动控制要求;排桩的间距、桩长和排数是影响隔振效果的主要因素,且竖向隔振效果较水平向好。研究成果可为今后环境微振动工程的设计与施工提供有益参考。     

The performance of inclined secant micro-pile walls as active vibration barriers

The isolation of vibrations from the surroundings is one of the important problems in the design of machine foundations. The use of open trenches, infilled trenches, single and multiple pile rows have been widely studied. In this paper, the vibration screening efficiency of an inclined secant micro-pile wall positioned as an active vibration barrier is investigated. The study is performed using three-dimensional time domain finite element analyses. Various parameters such as barrier depth, inclination, barrier distance and load excitation frequency were studied. The results show that inclined secant micro-pile walls are a viable vibration isolation option for a multitude of vibration problems. It is shown that varying barrier inclination angle from 90° to 120° improved vibration isolation performance as high as 44% relative to the vertical barrier for the active isolation case. The effectiveness of the barrier increases as its depth increases and also as the excitation frequency increases. The orientation of the inclined barrier towards or against vibration source is shown to be a fundamental design consideration.     

弹性地基中波阻板对入射Rayleigh波的远场被动隔振研究

针对被保护结构下埋置波阻板的远场被动隔振问题,采用频域弹性边界元法,推导得到了弹性地基中波阻板对入射Rayleigh波散射的边界元方程,在此基础上对波阻板的远场被动隔振效果进行了计算,并对影响波阻板隔振效果的因素进行了分析。研究结果表明:在地基一定深度设置波阻板能够有效降低波阻板上方及后方区域的地面振动;减小波阻板埋深以及增大波阻板厚度均能获得更好的隔振效果;而增加波阻板的剪切模量是提高波阻板被动隔振效果的最有效措施。