热模拟实验中煤岩显微组分烷烃系列化合物地球化学特征

塔里木盆地侏罗系煤岩显微组分在封闭体系热模拟产物的色质分析表明,各显微组分的正构烷烃系列化合物的碳数均呈双峰型分布。随着温度的升高,后峰相对强度逐渐降低,表明正构烷烃系列化合物在热作用下易发生降解。由于各显微组分化学组成和结构的不同,它们的生烃过程也各不相同。镜质组热降解排烃需要较高热能,以产气为主;壳质组热效应作用下可以有效排烃,为好生烃组分;惰质组虽然生烃潜力有限,但产出烃类的稳定性较好,不易受热降解效应的影响,可以作为气源岩。在整个热模拟实验中,煤岩各显微组分表现为姥鲛烷优势,随着热模拟温度生高,Pr/Ph值表现为先增加后逐渐降低的变化趋势。     

《烟煤显微组分分类》和《显微煤岩类型分类》国家标准的相互关系

１引言显微组分是显微镜下可辨认的煤的有机成分。显微煤岩类型是煤的显微组分及矿物的天然组合 ,不同的显微煤岩类型反映出煤的地质成因、煤相、成煤原始物质和煤的化学工艺性质的差别。因此 ,进行显微煤岩类型分析对研究煤的聚积方式、煤相变化、煤层对比以及评价煤的可选性和炼焦工艺性质等都有实际意义。国际标准化组织（ＩＳＯ）也提出了显微煤岩类型的分类标准。我国的《显微煤岩类型分类》国家标准［１］中显微组分按三大组划分 :镜质组、壳质组、惰质组。但这与《烟煤显微组分分类》国家标准［２］的四分法不一致 ,缺少半镜质组—镜…     

应用荧光显微组分定量评价煤的生烃排烃潜力

在研究镜质组类型基础上，把富氢镜质组（荧光镜质体）作为有折扣的富氢显微组分（类脂组）对待，提出了利用荧光显微组分丰度－ＦＭＴ参数作为评价不同还原类型煤生烃，排烃的定量指标。煤岩学标志，有机地球化学参数和热模拟实验产烃率数据为ＦＭＴ值定量评价煤生烃排烃潜力的适用性和有效性提供了佐证。     

云南砚山干河煤矿超高有机硫煤的煤岩煤质特征

云南省砚山县干河煤矿晚二叠世吴家坪组超高有机硫煤形成于浅海碳酸盐局限台地—潮坪沉积环境。运用煤岩学、煤化学等学科理论方法,系统研究了干河煤矿1号煤层的煤岩煤质及煤相特征等。结果显示:1所测煤样全硫含量均在10%左右,有机硫含量在9%左右,属超高有机硫煤;2宏观煤岩类型以半暗型及暗淡型煤为主,显微组分则以镜质组占优势,其中主要为碎屑镜质亚组,惰质组以有细胞结构惰质组为主,煤中矿物质以黏土矿物和黄铁矿为主;3煤层形成于潮湿的还原环境,为低位泥炭沼泽,成煤植物以草本植物为主,组织结构保存差,遭受破坏程度强。     

柴北缘大煤沟矿区侏罗纪煤系层序地层及其煤岩变化特征

为揭示陆相盆地成煤沼泽内基准面变化与煤岩组分的关系,应用层序地层学理论和方法,对柴北缘大煤沟矿区侏罗纪煤系层序格架下的煤岩变化规律进行了研究。研究区共识别出区域不整合面、河流下切谷、区域构造应力转换面和地层颜色突变面等9个层序界面;将侏罗纪煤系划分为3个二级层序、8个三级层序。研究区主要煤层(F煤)形成于三级层序SⅢ6湖侵体系域中晚期的废弃辫状河冲积平原之高位沼泽环境,煤岩显微组分以高惰质组(平均57.7%)和低镜质组(平均32.0%)为特征。根据垂向上煤岩显微组分的变化特征,将F煤划分为1个四级层序和5个五级层序。垂向上F煤镜质组含量总体向上呈增加趋势,反映了泥炭沼泽内三级层序SⅢ6湖侵体系域基准面上升速率逐渐加快的动力学背景。      

煤的液化性能与煤质关系研究进展

煤的液化潜力与煤岩成分和煤化作用程度有着密切的关系,更进一步研究煤岩成分中不同显微组分对液化的影响,探讨显微组分的结构,将对优质液化煤的讦价起重大作用。煤中不同的显微组分具有不同的光性特征,镜质体反射率是划分煤阶的主要参数,但是煤的全显微组分反射率的研究把煤岩成分与煤阶结合起来,对液化煤进行综合评价。本文介绍了国外这方面最近的一些研究成果:1．镜质组和壳质组具有非常类似的转化率,但是抽提产物中族组分却存在显著的差异,镜质组主要出现前沥青烯和沥青烯,而壳质组主要出现油和气。2．低反射率惰性组显微组分虽然转化率较低,但是主要产出油和气。3．相对未凝胶化的显微组分具有较高的油产率,而较高凝胶化程度的显微组分油产率却较低。4．煤的全显微组分反射率分布可以预测煤的液化潜力。     

煤及显微组分在超高温开放体系实验中动力学参数确立与天然气形成过程预测

通过对塔里木盆地煤及其显微组分以1K/min升温速率在开放体系下进行热模拟实验(Tmax=1200℃),确定了CH4与N2生成动力学参数。根据化学反应动力学原理,当煤岩生成CH4和N2为25个一级平行反应且具有相同频率因子(Ao=1.0×1013s-1)时,生成CH4与N2每个反应对应的活化能可以通过实验数据与理论计算拟合,获得Gaussian型活化能分布特征为:CH4在活化能为42～90kcal/mol内,煤、镜质组、壳质组、丝质组和半丝质组生成CH4的主频活化能分别为60、52、50、70和66kcal/mol;N2在活化能为60～108kcal/mol内,其主频活化能分别为74、108、100、108和102kcal/mol。根据这些实验动力学参数,推测了煤岩在地质升温速率为5.3K/Ma时CH4的转化率:CH4在地质温度为20℃时开始形成;当地质温度为160℃时,煤岩中CH4已生成总量的80%。镜质组和壳质组CH4转化率要高于煤岩。     

柴达木盆地北缘中段侏罗系页岩有机质孔隙演化特征

柴北缘侏罗系页岩的有机碳含量高、厚度大、分布广,但有机质成熟度总体处于未成熟—低成熟阶段,制约了研究区页岩气的表征与评价。通过开放体系下的加热实验,系统刻画了不同温度下的页岩有机质孔隙发育特征及演化过程。分析认为,热模拟温度200～400℃是有机质孔隙发育的优势温度区间,孔隙数量多,从微孔到宏孔都非常发育,孔隙间可形成网状连通。之后随着温度进一步升高,孔隙会出现“塌陷”现象,对页岩气的赋存起到抑制作用。与此同时,有机质的孔隙发育也具有不均一性,不同有机质显微组分孔隙发育能力存在差异,以镜质组、壳质组等为主的有机质显微组分孔隙发育较迟缓,有机质转化不彻底,而以沥青质体、藻类体、无定形体等为主的有机质显微组分孔隙发育时间早、强度大、孔隙之间的连通性好,是页岩气储集空间的主要贡献者。另外,结合能谱分析,认为元素的重量百分比及Ca、Mg等碱土元素的含量也是影响有机质孔隙发育的主要因素。     

内蒙古白音乌拉矿区6~#煤层特征及液化性能

通过对白音乌拉矿区内6~#煤层的煤岩、煤质特征的研究,初步评价了该区煤炭液化性能。结果表明:有机显微组分中镜质组含量64.11%,惰质组含量33.98%,含少量壳质组(1.91%);无机组分以黏土矿物为主。本区煤为中灰、中-中高硫、高热值褐煤。煤的挥发份高,化学反应性好,有机硫含量一般在1%以上,适合煤的液化,但从煤岩组分来看,惰质组含量较高,对液化不利。     

灵武煤田煤中镜质组与丝质组的甾萜类化合物对比研究

本文对灵武煤田含煤岩系延安组煤岩显微组分的甾萜类化合物作了对比研究．结果表明,同一沉积环境中镜质组与丝质组的甾萜类化合物特征及不同沉积环境中同一显微组分（镜质组或丝质组）的甾萜类化合物特征有着规律性的变化．     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of