大气遥感研究展望

对大气遥感研究发展方向作了展望,重点论述了如下几个方面:1)未来大气遥感研究若干特点;2)主被动式相结合的卫星大气遥感;3)大气遥感技术与应用集成;4)大气和地表物理参数的综合遥感;5)气溶胶与云光学特性遥感;6)微量气体时空分布遥感;7)地基大气遥感及走向综合集成.     

光学遥感信息技术与应用研究综述

光学遥感利用可见光、近红外和短波红外传感器对地物进行特定电磁谱段的成像观测,是遥感科技中发展最早,也是目前对地观测和空间信息领域中应用最为广泛的技术手段.随着近年来光学成像、电子学与空间技术的飞速发展,高空间、高光谱和高时间分辨率遥感技术不断取得新突破,为光学遥感图像处理与应用技术发展创造了前所未有的机遇和广阔前景.本文首先概述了光学遥感的基本原理和发展历程,然后重点介绍了光学遥感图像的数据特点及光学遥感图像处理技术与方法,阐述了光学遥感在生态环境、自然资源和国防安全等领域的应用情况,讨论了未来光学遥感信息技术与应用发展的几个主要方向和趋势.     

测云方法研究进展

定性及定量云基础参量的观测(检测)结果,对提供未来天气变化趋势的依据有着非常重要的意义。对国内外学者多年来使用的各种测云方法得出的云空间分布等情况进行了综合评述。根据不同观测手段的特点,按空基遥感、地基遥感等方法加以区分,分别对上述测云方法逐个分析并相互比较,讨论各种测云方法的利弊,为今后使用这些方法开展的各种科学研究工作提供参考,并展望未来观测研究云的可能方向。     

植物物候遥感监测研究进展

基于遥感监测方法的植物物候研究已成为全球气候变化研究的一个热点课题,通过对植物物候生长季概念的遥感界定,归纳总结了物候监测的基本原理、遥感数据源以及4种常用的遥感监测方法,并指出各种遥感监测方法存在的问题和不足;以遥感监测技术为支撑,对地区、大洲和全球尺度上物候与气候关系的研究、物候与人类行为关系的研究进行了阐述,指出植物物候的变化常常是二者共同影响的结果。针对当前物候研究中存在的不足,探讨了今后的研究发展方向。     

Ground-based remote sensing of the atmospheric boundary layer: 25 years of progress

The role of ground-based remote sensors in boundary-layer research is reviewed, emphasizing the contributions of radars, sodars, and lidars. The review begins with a brief comparison of the state of remote sensors in boundary-layer research 25 years ago with its present-day status. Next, a summary of the current capabilities of remote sensors for boundary-layer studies demonstrates that for boundary-layer depth and for profiles of many mean quantities, remote sensors offer some of the most accurate measurements available. Similar accuracies are in general not found for most turbulence parameters. Important contributions of remote sensors to our understanding of the structure and dynamics of various boundary-layer phenomena or processes are then discussed, including the sea breeze, convergence boundaries, dispersion, and boundary-layer cloud systems. The review concludes with a discussion of the likely future role of remote sensors in boundary-layer research.     

A linked vulnerability and resilience framework for adaptation pathways in remote disadvantaged communities

We develop a systems framework for exploring adaptation pathways to climate change among people in remote and marginalized regions. The framework builds on two common and seemingly paradoxical narratives about people in remote regions. The first is recognition that people in remote regions demonstrate significant resilience to climate and resource variability, and may therefore be among the best equipped to adapt to climate change. The second narrative is that many people in remote regions are chronically disadvantaged and therefore are among the most vulnerable to climate change impacts. These narratives, taken in isolation and in extremis, can have significant maladaptive policy and practice implications. From a systems perspective, both narratives may be valid, because they form elements of latent and dominant feedback loops that require articulation for a nuanced understanding of vulnerability-reducing and resilience-building responses in a joint framework. Through literature review and community engagement across three remote regions on different continents, we test the potential of the framework to assist dialogue about adaptation pathways in remote marginalized communities. In an adaptation pathway view, short-term responses to vulnerability can risk locking in a pathway that increases specific resilience but creates greater vulnerability in the long-term. Equally, longer-term actions towards increasing desirable forms of resilience need to take account of short-term realities to respond to acute and multiple needs of marginalized remote communities. The framework was useful in uniting vulnerability and resilience narratives, and broadening the scope for adaptation policy and action on adaptation pathways for remote regions.     

非均匀陆面上区域蒸发（散）研究概况

介绍和评述了非均匀陆面上蒸发研究的传统方法，模拟方法和遥感方法，指出遥感方法在估算非均匀陆地表面区域蒸发量时有独到的作用。     

农作物长势遥感监测业务化应用与研究进展

农作物长势监测可为田间管理提供及时的决策支持信息和早期估产提供依据。为了更好地研究作物生长过程中不同遥感监测作物长势方法的适用性,从多光谱遥感数据、高光谱遥感数据和微波遥感数据的应用及遥感监测指标与模型模拟方面综述了国内外农作物长势遥感监测研究及业务化应用的最新进展,指出了未来拟重点加强的研究任务,包括高时空分辨率和高光谱分辨率遥感数据的业务化技术、多遥感反演参数协同监测作物长势技术研发、基于遥感信息与作物过程模型的集合预报技术研究、全球尺度作物长势监测业务运行系统研发。     

卫星高光谱大气CO2探测精度验证研究进展

卫星高光谱大气CO₂遥感探测对全球气候变化研究意义重大,卫星CO₂反演产品的地基观测验证是获得产品精度评价、发现算法可适用范围和局限性的重要环节,因此地基高光谱CO₂的观测验证研究对提高卫星产品定量精度至关重要。本文综述了当前国际上大气CO₂探测卫星的研制进展,短波红外大气CO₂的反演方法进展,重点阐述了地基高光谱CO₂探测技术进展及其对卫星大气CO₂的定量探测精度验证方法和技术研究进展,并对该研究领域未来的发展提出展望。     

城市遥感研究进展

城市遥感是当前遥感技术应用的一个重要领域.随着我国新型城镇化过程的推进,遥感技术将在城市生态建设、国土空间开发、资源环境承载能力监测等方面发挥重要作用,成为城市规划管理重要的信息源.本文在总结国内外城市遥感研究内容的基础上,重点对城市遥感若干重要方向的发展进行了分析,在此基础上构建出一个地理学视角的城市遥感研究框架,结合典型实例从结构与格局、要素与作用、变化与过程、功能与响应4个方面进一步探讨了城市遥感研究的发展.最后,结合国家需求和技术发展,对城市遥感今后的发展从数据源、研究对象、应用主题、研究目标、技术方法等方面进行了展望.     

水稻低温冷害遥感监测技术与方法进展

根据国内外水稻低温冷害遥感监测和遥感灾损评估研究进展情况，分析了水稻低温冷害遥感监测的可行性和各种方法的优缺点，提出了低温冷害遥感监测方面需要开展的相关研究领域和需要解决的几个问题。     

遥感监测干旱的方法及研究进展

文中回顾了干旱监测研究的国内外进展，总结了目前干旱监测的方法，并对未来进行干旱监测的发展方向谈了自己的认识．同时指出了在干旱监测方面应该走多学科综合的道路。     

现行遥感卫星传感器浅述

传感器是遥感(RS)技术中最关键的部分，本文在阐述传感器的工作原理的基础上，对目前及未来的传感器作了系统的介绍，其中详细描述了MODIS传感器的工作性能及参数，并指出高性能传感器开始步入商业领域。     

Land remote sensing technology and methodology

Remote sensing is a tool for gathering information about the Earth's surface and monitoring how it changes. A large number of remote sensing systems have been developed that exploit different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum and that produce data in different formats at varying scales and costs. These data may be acquired for virtually any place on Earth. A body of manual and automated techniques have evolved for processing and interpreting remote sensing data. The selections of a remote sensing system and of the techniques by which data are processed are driven by information requirements of varying detail and constrained by cost.     

陆地生态系统固碳速率立体监测方法:进展与挑战

全球CO₂浓度增加造成的全球变暖已成为人类亟需解决的问题,陆地生态系统在过去几十年一直扮演着重要的碳汇角色,吸收了30％左右的人类活动排放CO₂。本文调研分析了陆地生态系统固碳速率空间估算方法,包括样地调查、通量监测、模型模拟、遥感估算等,梳理了各种估算方法的研究现状与进展。样地调查、通量观测等方法可以提供点尺度的固碳速率直接测量信息,但存在观测样本有限、空间代表性不足等问题。模型模拟方法可以从机理的角度描述陆地碳、水、能量循环,模拟预测陆地生态系统固碳速率的状态和变化。然而,在模型建立过程中,抽象和简化会引入结构与假设的不确定性,以及模型驱动数据引入的不确定性等问题是碳循环模型模拟方法面临的重大挑战。卫星遥感具有全球覆盖、分辨率精细、时间序列观测等优点,结合机器学习方法,为地球大数据驱动的全球碳源汇估算提供了新的研究范式。但是,当前各种固碳速率的监测方法还没有满足高度时空异质性的陆地生态系统固碳量监测需求,未来需要整合地面观测、模型模拟和卫星遥感等多种技术手段,提供区域和全球尺度的陆地生态系统碳汇精确估算方法体系和科学数据产品。     

1993～2003年郑州市土地利用/覆被变化特征研究

以河南省郑州市为例,利用RS、GIS软件对1993年和2003年两时次TM、ETM 影像进行遥感解译,采用GIS空间分析和数理统计分析等方法,研究了10 a来该市土地利用变化过程尤其是土地沙化的变化过程及其社会经济驱动机制.结果表明:10 a来,西部山区、东部沙化地区以及黄河沿岸地区土地利用类型的变化比较大,特别是东部地区用地变化比较剧烈;旱地、草地、工交建设用地面积明显增加,沙化土地、水田、林地、水体面积呈现减少的趋势;沙化现象得到了有效遏制,草地面积的增加,改善了研究区的生态环境.此外,林地面积的大量减少,应引起重视,可实行退耕还林或植树造林以建立良好的生态环境.     

Quantifying recent precipitation change and predicting lake expansion in the Inner Tibetan Plateau

Lake expansion since the middle of the 1990s is one of the most outstanding environmental change events in the Tibetan Plateau (TP). This expansion has mainly occurred in the Inner TP, a vast endorheic basin with an area of about 708,000 km² and containing about 780 lakes larger than 1 km². The total lake area of the Inner TP has increased from 24,930 km² in 1995 to 33,741 km² in 2015. The variability of the lake area in the coming decades is crucial for infrastructure planning and ecology policy for this remote region. In this study, a lake mass balance model was developed to describe the lake area response to climate change. First, the model was used to inversely estimate the change in precipitation from the change in lake volume. The result shows that precipitation has increased by about 21?±?7% since the middle of the 1990s, as seen in GPCC global data set. Then, the lake size in the coming two decades was predicted by the model driven with either current climate or a projected future climate, showing the lake area would expand continuously, but at a lower rate than before. Both predictions yield a total lake area of 36150?±?500 km² in 2025 and a rise of average lake level by about 6.6?±?0.3 m from 1995 to 2025. However, the two predictions become disparate in the second decade (2026–2035), as the future climate is more warming and wetting than the current climate. It is noted that the prediction of lake expansion is robust for the entire inner TP lake system but not always applicable to individual subregions or specific lakes due to their spatiotemporal heterogeneity.     

Passive microwave remote sensing of the ocean—A review

This paper reviews the current status of passive microwave remote sensing of the ocean. The physics of emission and instrumentation are highlighted in order to establish a relationship between the thermal emission and retrieved geophysical parameters. A discussion then follows on measurements of temperature, salinity, windspeed, etc. using passive microwave systems. These measurements are related to the accuracy and spatial resolution required by the users. The status of passive microwave remote sensing is summarized and recommendations for future research are presented.Part of this work was done while on leave at the NOAA Wave Propagation Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80302     

进入21世纪的中国农业气象研究

文中简要回顾了中国农业气象的发展历程,并将现代农业气象研究划分为3个阶段:20世纪50—60年代初创起步阶段、70—80年代恢复发展阶段及90年代以后的快速发展阶段。从作物资源利用、农业气候资源与区划研究、作物产量预报和遥感估产技术、农业气象灾害研究、气候变化对农业与生态影响研究等方面重点介绍了现代农业气象科研工作的主要研究成果和进展;从未来气候变化带来的问题、农业生产和可持续发展需求、农业气象科研中存在的薄弱环节等方面,提出了气候变化影响下农业气象灾害防灾减灾技术研究、气候资源高效利用技术研究、有关国家粮食安全关键技术研究、农业气象现代化观测技术研究、作物生态系统模拟与定量化评估技术研究、设施与特色农业气象及现代生物技术的环境调控技术研究、农业气象基础理论研究等方面农业气象未来的重点研究领域和发展方向。     

光学遥感卫星大气校正研究综述

由于高分辨率遥感应用需求增加的牵引,国内外发射了越来越多的光学遥感卫星载荷.然而,随着传感器分辨率的增加,大气对地表信息干扰的问题也越来越突出,光学遥感图像的大气校正问题,因载荷特点和应用需求的改变面临着一些新的挑战,有必要对其进行总结和分析.本文在介绍大气校正现状和原理的基础上,按照光学遥感卫星大气校正输入信息来源不同,把大气校正方法归纳为基于图像和图形处理方法、基于辐射传输计算、基于图像自身信息反演大气参数、基于大气同步校正仪的大气校正4类进行介绍.最后,结合我国高分辨率光学卫星的发展方向,对当前的大气校正应用方案和未来发展进行了讨论和展望.