西太平洋782A钻孔新生代的有孔虫

大洋钻探工程” 1 2 5航次的 782 A钻孔位于西太平洋菲律宾海东北部 ,井深 4 76.8m。基底为安山岩 ,上覆盖层为中始新统—更新统的沉积层 ,其中保存有低丰度的有孔虫。自下而上可划分出 8个浮游有孔虫带。由于出现 Catapsydrax dissimilis,C.stainforthi为 N5 、N6 带的带化石 ,表明本钻孔存在早中新世的地层。同时由于缺失浮游有孔虫带 P1 5 — P1 6 下部 ,N3上部—N4,N7—N1 1 带的带化石 ,说明在中始新世与晚始新世之间、晚渐新世与早中新世之间、早中新世与中中新世之间存在 3个沉积间断。钻孔中的有孔虫标志本区当时处于温暖亚热带环境。根据不同时期温度的变化 ,可划分出 5个阶段 ,包括 3个偏暖时期和 2个温凉时期。     

藏北羌塘南部走构由茶错地区火山岩定年与康托组时代的厘定

康托组在羌塘南部地区分布广泛,是青藏高原始新世大规模隆升以后首先接受的陆相碎屑和火山沉积,以往根据时代跨度较大的生物化石将其时代确定为中新世,但一直存在争议.羌南走构由茶错康托组中呈层状出露的火山岩面积约120km2,主要岩性为玄武质粗面安山岩,保存有完好的火山口和火山颈.40Ar-39Ar积分年龄为30.5Ma±0.6Ma,K-Ar法年龄为333Ma±05Ma、29.3Ma±0.4Ma、32.3Ma±05Ma、28.4Ma±0.4Ma,为渐新世早期.结合区域上康托组与伴生火山岩的相互关系,确定走构由茶错、康托、鱼鳞山和纳丁错等地的火山岩是康托组的组成部分.根据走构由茶错火山岩同位素定年结果将康托组的时代由中新世厘定为渐新世,羌塘地区大规模隆升以后接受沉积的时间前推了大约10Ma.     

印度尼西亚西爪哇金马石(Ciemas)角闪石英斑岩锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义

<正>金马石(Ciemas)位于印度尼西亚西爪哇苏加武眉县(Sukaabumi)西南方,构造位置属巽他岛弧地带。区内出露岩石主要为火山角砾岩、凝灰岩、安山岩、英安岩等火山岩,侵入岩少见,最近发现出露面积约为0.3 km2的角闪石英斑岩侵入体。角闪石英斑岩侵入到中新世安山岩及英安岩中。岩石呈斑状结构,斑晶为中粗粒石英和     

黄骅坳陷储集岩类型及其宏观特征

黄骅坳陷的储集岩有砂岩,碳酸盐岩和火山岩.砂岩是含油的主要储集岩,按其成因可分为河道砂体、三角洲砂体、近岸扇砂体、深水密度流砂体、堡砂坝、冲积扇砂体.这些砂体绝大多数集中在第三系,埋深在1500⁴000m.碳酸盐岩储集岩以粒屑灰岩为代表,是第三系渐新统中部的沉积,分布面积广,孔隙性能好.火山岩储层以中生界安山岩为代表.根据对岩芯的观察和大量镜下鉴定,将安山岩的储集空间分为8种类型.     

青藏高原沱沱河盆地渐新-中新世沉积环境分析

沱沱河盆地保存着青藏高原内部至今发现最完整的渐新世至中新世连续沉积记录,由渐新世雅西措群(31.3～23.8 Ma)和早中新世五道梁群(23.8～21.8 Ma)组成,总厚度2 393 m.雅西措群主要为紫红色、砖红色砂岩、粉砂岩与泥岩韵律互层,五道梁群为一套内陆湖泊相泥灰岩、内碎屑灰岩和叠层石灰岩沉积.沱沱河盆地渐新-中新世沉积环境经历了3个阶段的演化:(1)早渐新世,以河流环境为主,古水流以北向为主,反映古气候条件比较干燥;(2)中晚渐新世,以湖泊环境为主,古水流以东北向为主,古气候条件相对温暖潮湿;(3)晚渐新世至早中新世,主要为湖泊环境,古水流转为南向,沉积岩性由雅西措群项部的砂泥岩互层为主转变为五道梁群的泥灰岩为主,反映当时的物源区发生重大转变,构造活动趋于稳定,古气候条件由温暖潮湿转为干燥.沱沱河盆地渐新-中新世气候和构造活动历史对于研究青藏高原早期隆升作用和全球气候变化都有重要意义.     

藏北羌塘南部走构由茶错地区火山岩定年与康托组时代的厘定

康托组在羌塘南部地区分布广泛,是青藏高原始新世大规模隆升以后首先接受的陆相碎屑和火山沉积,以往根据时代跨度较大的生物化石将其时代确定为中新世,但一直存在争议。羌南走构由茶错康托组中呈层状出露的火山岩面积约120km2,主要岩性为玄武质粗面安山岩,保存有完好的火山口和火山颈。40Ar-39Ar积分年龄为30.5Ma±0.6Ma,K-Ar法年龄为33.3Ma±0.5Ma、29.3Ma±0.4Ma、32.3Ma±0.5Ma、28.4Ma±0.4Ma,为渐新世早期。结合区域上康托组与伴生火山岩的相互关系,确定走构由茶错、康托、鱼鳞山和纳丁错等地的火山岩是康托组的组成部分。根据走构由茶错火山岩同位素定年结果将康托组的时代由中新世厘定为渐新世,羌塘地区大规模隆升以后接受沉积的时间前推了大约10Ma。     

青藏高原南部乌郁盆地渐新世—上新世地层沉积相分析

青藏高原南部乌郁盆地是欧亚与印度板块碰撞以来冈底斯山隆升最具代表性的盆地之一,也是青藏高原南部较大的新生代残留盆地之一。沉积盆地中保存着完整的渐新世—早更新世连续沉积记录,自下而上由古新世—始新世林子宗群（典中组、年波组和帕那组）、渐新世—中新世日贡拉组、中新世芒乡组、来庆组、上新世—早更新世乌郁群（乌郁组、达孜组）,总厚度大于4180m。林子宗群为一套中—酸性钙碱性火山岩系,夹紫红色砂岩、砾岩及粉砂岩。日贡拉组主要为紫红色砂岩、砾岩,夹少量火山熔岩及酸性火山凝灰岩,为一套山间盆地沉积。芒乡组为灰色、深灰色泥岩、砂岩,夹煤和油页岩,为湖泊相—前三角洲相—沼泽相。来庆组为一套褐色安山岩、火山碎屑岩。乌郁组是一套碎屑岩,颜色呈灰色、灰褐色,夹煤及油页岩,为山间盆地辫状河—湖泊—沼泽沉积。达孜组是一套黄褐色砾岩、砂砾岩、砂岩,夹少量泥岩,发育铁质结核,为辫状河沉积。沉积相分析表明具有明显的古新世—始新世林子宗群（典中组、年波组和帕那组）、渐新世—中新世日贡拉组—芒乡组、中新世来庆组—上新世乌郁组、上新世—早更新世达孜组四个阶段式隆升—剥蚀过程。从芒乡组的潮湿炎热的气候转变为乌郁组的干燥凉爽,显然与青藏高原隆升密切相关。乌郁盆地渐新世—早更新世沉积相分析对于研究青藏高原隆升和油气等能源均具有重要意义。      

菲律宾海盆东北部晚始新世以来放射虫及其古海洋学意义

研究了菲律宾海盆东北部“大洋钻探工程”１２５航次７８２Ａ孔晚始新世以来的放射虫化石。根据Ｓａｎｆｉｌｉｐｐｏ等１９８５年的分带,将研究区自下而上划分为１０个带。讨论了始新世与渐新世、渐新世与中新世、中中新世与晚中新世、中新世与上新世以及上新世与第四纪的界线。研究区存在两个沉积间断,分别位于晚渐新世与早中新世晚期之间和中中新世与晚中新世之间。研究区第四纪放射虫化石仍以暖水分子为主,冷水分子分布较浅。依据放射虫化石分异度曲线得出,晚第三纪以来本区存在５个相对暖水期和５个相对较凉期,渐新世时处于冷水期,这与钙质超微化石复合分异度和碳酸钙含量曲线的变化是一致的。晚渐新世与早中新世晚期之间的沉积间断是由于中新世南极冰盖扩展造成大洋底层洋流活动加剧而形成的。     

拉萨地块中北部尼雄地区早白垩世火山岩的成因及构造意义

以往的研究多侧重于拉萨地体中南部,对拉萨地块中北部地区的火山岩浆活动的分布特点、火山岩成因及构造意义关注相对较少,且对该地区中生代火山岩的成因机制存在不同认识.尼雄地区广泛发育的白垩纪火山岩保存了大量青藏高原新生代之前的地质演化信息.岩石学和锆石U-Pb定年研究表明,火山岩类型主要为玄武安山岩、粗面安山岩和流纹岩,其SiO₂含量为55.76%～77.78%,铝饱和指数（A/CNK）为0.89～3.04,属高钾钙碱性-碱钙性、偏铝质-过铝质岩石;其富集Th、U,亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素,显示出A型花岗质岩石特征;此外,流纹岩具有较高的SiO₂含量和极低的MgO、TiO₂、P₂O₅含量及δEu值,相对亏损Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr和Eu等元素,与高分异的A型流纹岩特征一致.从1个玄武安山岩、1个粗面安山岩和2个流纹岩样品中获得的岩浆锆石U-Pb年龄分别为117 Ma、127 Ma和126～127 Ma,代表了尼雄地区早白垩世火山岩的形成年龄,否定了前人把尼雄地区火山岩全归属为始新世林子宗群年波组或渐新世日贡拉组的认识.综合研究表明,玄武安山岩、粗面安山岩和流纹岩可能为壳幔熔体混合的结果,并伴随着一定的分离结晶作用.它们可能同时受到班公湖-怒江洋壳向南、雅鲁藏布江新特提斯洋壳向北双向俯冲的影响.      

日本中新世火山岩油气储集层

日本中新世火山岩油气储集层主要分布于日本海东侧,大致呈北北东向展布,因为这里的玄武岩、安山岩、流纹岩略显蚀变而呈绿色,故在日本又称“绿色凝灰     

Tholeiitic, calc-alkaline and (?)alkaline igneous rocks of the Shortland Islands, Solomon Islands

The Shortland Islands lie in a northeast-southwest line across the western end of Solomon Islands, immediately adjacent to Bougainville. Three major islands dominate the group.Fauro and surrounding islands, in the northeast, have an altered basement suite comprising tholeiite, icelandite and tholeiitic dacite. This is intruded by a high-level calc-alkaline assemblage of microdiorite, hornblende andesite and rhyodacite and overlain by volcanogenic sandstones derived from an andesitic to dacitic volcano. Pyroclastics comprising high-alumina basalt and pyroxene andesite overlie the volcanogenic sandstones. The tholeiitic basement lavas may be of Late Oligocene to Early Miocene age, and the calc-alkaline rocks are probably also pre-Pliocene in age.Alu, in the centre of the group, also has an altered tholeiitic lava basement, which is intruded by a quartz diorite body and overlain by hypersthene-augite basaltic andesite. Pliocene siltstone and Quaternary shallow marine carbonates cover these igneous rocks over much of the island.Mono, in the southwest, has a small basement exposure of altered pillowed hawaiite, overlain by Miocene pelagic limestone, Pliocene siltstone and Quaternary reef limestone. Isolated clasts of pyroxene andesite and ?benmoreite occur in streams and on beaches.The younger, calc-alkaline suites on all islands were formed in an island arc environment, possibly related to subduction from the southwest beneath the New Britain Trench. The basement lavas on Alu are probably early island arc tholeiites, and both these lavas and the calc-alkaline rocks of Alu share a common trend on variation diagrams. The two igneous suites of Fauro, however, have distinctly different trends. The basement lavas have some chemical similarities with oceanic tholeiites, but an early island arc origin for these lavas cannot be ruled out. The altered hawaiite and benmoreite on Mono probably originated in an oceanic island environment.     

Sugarloaf Mountain,central Arizona,USA: A small-scale example of Miocene basalt-rhyolite magma mixing to yield andesitic magmas

Sugarloaf Mountain is a 200-m high volcanic landform in central Arizona, USA, within the transition from the southern Basin and Range to the Colorado Plateau. It is composed of Miocene alkalic basalt (47.2–49.1?wt.% SiO₂; 6.7–7.7?wt.% MgO) and overlying andesite and dacite lavas (61.4–63.9?wt.% SiO₂; 3.5–4.7?wt.% MgO). Sugarloaf Mountain therefore offers an opportunity to evaluate the origin of andesite magmas with respect to coexisting basalt. Important for evaluating Sugarloaf basalt and andesite (plus dacite) is that the andesites contain basaltic minerals olivine (cores Fo_76-86) and clinopyroxene (～Fs_9-18Wo_35-44) coexisting with Na-plagioclase (An_48-28Or_1.4–7), quartz, amphibole, and minor orthopyroxene, biotite, and sanidine. Noteworthy is that andesite mineral textures include reaction and spongy zones and embayments in and on Na-plagioclase and quartz phenocrysts, where some reacted Na-plagioclases have higher-An mantles, plus some similarly reacted and embayed olivine, clinopyroxene, and amphibole phenocrysts.Fractional crystallization of Sugarloaf basaltic magmas cannot alone yield the andesites because their ～61 to 64?wt.% SiO₂ is attended by incompatible REE and HFSE abundances lower than in the basalts (e.g., Ce 77–105 in andesites vs 114–166?ppm in basalts; Zr 149–173 vs 183–237; Nb 21–25 vs 34–42). On the other hand, andesite mineral assemblages, textures, and compositions are consistent with basaltic magmas having mixed with rhyolitic magmas, provided the rhyolite(s) had relatively low REE and HFSE abundances. Linear binary mixing calculations yield good first approximation results for producing andesitic compositions from Sugarloaf basalt compositions and a central Arizona low-REE, low-HFSE rhyolite. For example, mixing proportions 52:48 of Sugarloaf basalt and low incompatible-element rhyolite yields a hybrid composition that matches Sugarloaf andesite well ? although we do not claim to have exact endmembers, but rather, viable proxies. Additionally, the observed mineral textures are all consistent with hot basalt magma mixing into rhyolite magma. Compositional differences among the phenocrysts of Na-plagioclase, clinopyroxene, and amphibole in the andesites suggest several mixing events, and amphibole thermobarometry calculates depths corresponding to 8–16?km and 850° to 980?°C. The amphibole P-T observed for a rather tight compositional range of andesite compositions is consistent with the gathering of several different basalt-rhyolite hybrids into a homogenizing ‘collection' zone prior to eruptions. We interpret Sugarloaf Mountain to represent basalt-rhyolite mixings on a relatively small scale as part of the large scale Miocene (～20 to 15 Ma) magmatism of central Arizona. A particular qualification for this example of hybridization, however, is that the rhyolite endmember have relatively low REE and HFSE abundances.     

南沙海区及其周缘中-新生代岩浆活动及构造意义

通过对南沙海区及其周缘地区中-新生代以来4个主要地质时期即燕山期、喜山早期、喜山晚期一幕和二幕各种类型岩浆岩的发育特征(包括时空分布、地球化学及构造环境)的综合分析,重构了研究区中-新生代岩浆活动的演化历程:燕山期(侏罗纪到白垩纪)在南沙西面和西南面陆区以中酸性岩浆活动为主,代表中生代东亚陆缘火山岩带的南段。同时在南沙与加里曼丹之间广泛发育的是基性-超基性岩,是在俯冲过程中折返到浅部的古南海洋壳碎片。喜山早期(古新世至始新世)岩浆活动微弱。喜山晚期一幕(晚渐新世至中中新世)在加里曼丹—卡加延一带岩浆活动相对重新活跃,西段主要有英安岩、花岗闪长岩、安山岩、闪长岩等,东段主要为玄武安山岩,但规模较小,似乎不足以构成与古南海俯冲伴生的火山岩带。喜山晚期二幕(晚中新世至第四纪)岩浆活动出现高峰,为大规模的中基性火山喷发,与燕山期及喜山早期截然不同,在中南半岛南部和加里曼丹岛中-北部尤为广泛,可能是该区出现上涌的地幔热团的指示。     

内蒙古自治区牙克石市西尼气林场安山岩锆石LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb定年及地质意义

内蒙古自治区牙克石市西尼气林场一带出露的面积型安山岩,前人多划为早白垩世次火山岩或早白垩世的浅成侵入岩。本次安山岩U-Pb测年结果为226.0±1.9 Ma,为晚三叠世的产物,是大兴安岭中北部地区首次识别出三叠纪安山岩。结合地质特征,将其划为晚三叠世浅成侵入岩,说明在三叠纪大兴安岭中北部存在火山活动。本次测年结果对大兴安岭中北部火山岩地区面积型安山岩及安山玢岩的归属划分具有参照意义。     

新疆塔克札勒蛇绿混杂岩中安山岩的地球化学特征及其构造环境

塔克札勒的中性熔岩有两种:一为玄武安山岩;二为安山岩。主元素判别安山岩类属于亚碱性玄武岩类。两者具有完全一致的LREE相对于HREE富集的分配型式,亦具有同样明显的Eu负异常。微量元素蛛网图显示其均具Nb-Ti负异常,与Grenada和LAntilles那种碱性玄武岩类相当,且与塔克札勒蛇绿岩带中的玄武岩有成因联系。据构造环境判别图判别,安山岩类又具洋岛碱性玄武岩的特征。据此推测该安山岩类属蛇绿岩成员,其可能产于俯冲带之上(SSZ)的岛弧环境。而该蛇绿岩则属于某种弧间构造背景的蛇绿岩。     

Petrogenesis of Early Neogene Magmatism in the Northern Puna; Implications for Magma Genesis and Crustal Processes in the Central Andean Plateau

New compositional data and petrogenetic models are presentedfor pre-Upper Miocene volcanism in the northern Puna of Argentina(22°S–24°S). Two phases of volcanism producedsmall dome complexes of mainly silicic andesite to low-SiO₂rhyolite. The Upper Oligocene–Lower Miocene phase (UOLM,20–17 Ma), produced two distinct groups of rocks. TheUOLM-1 group is metaluminous and mainly andesitic, with isotopiccompositions like those of the recent arc (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_T     

地中海东部地幔演化过程:来自希腊Lesvos岛中新世钾质岩浆作用的启示

希腊Lesvos岛广泛出露的中新世钾质岩浆岩为深入探讨地中海东部地区新生代构造演化和深部过程提供了宝贵机会。本文对Lesvos岛碰撞后钾质岩石开展了系统的矿物电子探针分析、锆石U-Pb定年和Hf同位素分析及全岩地球化学分析。研究结果表明：Lesvos岛出露的碰撞后火山岩主要由玄武粗安岩、玄武安山岩和粗面岩组成,锆石U-Pb年龄为17.2Ma。三类岩石均表现出相对富集大离子亲石元素以及相对亏损高场强元素的地球化学特征。玄武粗安岩和玄武安山岩样品具有相似且富集的Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成,其较低的Dy/Yb和整体较高且变化范围较大的Ba/La、Zr/Hf比值表明这两类钾质基性岩石起源于受到俯冲陆源沉积物起源流体/熔体交代的尖晶石相岩石圈地幔的低度部分熔融。相比之下,同时代粗面岩具有更亏损的Sr-Nd同位素组成,其均匀的同岩浆锆石Hf同位素组成排除了在岩浆演化过程中发生显著地壳混染或者岩浆混合作用的可能。而较高的Y和Yb含量、相对较低的Sr/Y和（La/Yb）_N比值则表明这种粗面质岩浆起源于中-上地壳的部分熔融。考虑到地震层析结果和Pelagonia陆块与Apulian陆块初始碰撞的时间,研究区各类碰撞后钾质岩浆活动可能反映了深俯冲的Pindos洋壳在中新世发生了板片断离过程。     

西藏马攸木金矿成矿背景与成矿阶段

基于地层、构造、地球化学、同位素年龄等证据,认为马攸木金矿形成于雅江洋盆的消减俯冲-碰撞以来直至现代的地质构造环境,其成矿可分为3个成矿阶段,即古近纪俯冲碰撞期成矿阶段、中新世碰撞后伸展期成矿阶段和晚上新世以来的碰撞后快速隆升成矿阶段。     

Formation temperatures of clays from the volcaniclastic series of Site 841 ODP: an oxygen isotopic record of a paleothermal flux into the Tonga forearc

Oxygen isotopic compositions of clay minerals were determined on representative samples of the volcano-sedimentary series from Site 841 ODP (Tonga forearc). This isotopic study has demonstrated an abnormally high crystallisation temperature of the clay minerals with respect to temperature expected in burial diagenesis. Formation temperatures obtained using ¹⁸O reach up to 200 °C in a Fe-chlorite-corrensite paragenesis found in the vicinity of basaltic andesite sills intruded into the Miocene tuffs. The paleothermal flux resulting from the cooling of the sills has produced very low grade contact metamorphism in the Miocene Tonga forearc deposits. The consequence of this was the formation of a large amount of hydrous silicates characterised near the sills by a Fe-clays-analcime mineralogical association. Received: 26 September 1997 / Accepted: 22 September 1998     

北天山冰草沟铀磷矿床元素地球化学特征及其指示意义

北天山冰草沟铀磷矿床严格受玄武安山岩与砂岩的接触界面控制,属于典型的热液铀磷矿床。本文利用显微镜、X荧光光谱仪、电感耦合等离子质谱仪等手段,对该矿床典型剖面展开了元素地球化学研究。成矿过程中,铀与磷同步富集。在剖面上,与新鲜砂岩相比,原岩为砂岩的矿石除富集U和P外,还高度富集Ca、Sr、Zr、HREE和Y,同时亏损Rb等元素。表明成矿过程中,成矿流体带来了大量的Ca、P、U、Sr、Zr、HREE和Y,同时,Rb等元素活化迁出。与新鲜玄武安山岩相比,蚀变玄武安山岩明显亏损Rb、Ba和Sr。矿石OX值(Fe2O3/Fe O)介于16. 92～26. 46之间,远高于赋矿围岩OX值。新鲜玄武安山岩具有相对较高的Fe O含量(4. 74%)和较低的OX值(0. 9),蚀变后玄武安山岩则具有相对较低的Fe O含量(0. 86%)和较高的OX值(7. 18),显示成矿流体具有强氧化性,新鲜玄武安山岩表现出较强的还原能力,可能为铀矿体的空间定位提供了还原障。