广义S变换时频分析在广域电磁法数据处理中的应用

广义S变换是一种可逆的局部时频分析方法,是短时傅里叶变换和小波变换的延伸和推广。利用广义S变换对广域电磁时间序列数据进行分析,除了可以划定噪声区域便于实施滤波去噪之外,还可以提高数据频谱分析精度。针对广域电磁数据特点,基于广义S变换提出了适合广域电磁法的广义S变换处理流程,进行了信号的仿真实验。同时,也对广域电磁法实测数据进行了处理,高信噪比数据的处理结果证实了广义S变换的有效性和准确性。强干扰数据处理的结果表明,获取的信号质量比基于傅里叶变换的传统方法有明显提高。处理效果表明,提出的方法适用于广域电磁法数据处理。     

可靠度方法在边坡稳定性分析中的应用

可靠性工程是一门正在迅速发展的新学科,可靠度分析方法被看作近代工程技术的重要发展。通过可靠度分析方法对某边坡进行稳定性分析,并与传统的确定性分析方法对比。可靠度分析方法在边坡稳定性计算中具有实用性。     

On the Implementation of augmented Lagrangian method in the two‐dimensional discontinuous deformation Analysis

The discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) is a discontinuum‐based method, which employs a penalty method to represent the contact between blocks. The penalty method is easy to be implemented in the program, but the contact constraint is only approximately satisfied. Penetrations between contacting blocks are unavoidable even if the penalty value is very large. To improve the contact precision in the DDA, an augmented Lagrangian method is introduced, which can make use of advantages of both the Lagrangian multiplier method and the penalty method. This paper provides a detailed implementation of the augmented Lagrangian method in the DDA program and compares it with the standard DDA on the computational efficiency and contact precision. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

常用剥蚀厚度恢复法在东营凹陷南坡西部“红层”的应用

东营凹陷南坡西部是指东营凹陷南坡石村断层以西的部分,孔店期—沙四早期沉积主要是以红色陆相碎屑岩为主的地层,即为通常所说的"红层"。受后期构造活动的影响,沙四下—孔一地层遭受不同程度的剥蚀,根据剥蚀厚度恢复方法的应用结果及适用性分析认为:厚度趋势法主要用于对剥蚀厚度区间和剥蚀范围进行标定,选用泥岩声波时差法和沉积速率比值法对剥蚀厚度数值的区间进行厘定。在凸起区及纯化构造带"红层"顶部削截明显区可直接使用厚度趋势法;靠近林南断层上升盘和高青平南断层上升盘的区域,选用声波时差法恢复"红层"顶部剥蚀厚度的效果好于其他构造带;平方王潜山构造带优选沉积速率法恢复"红层"尤其是沙四下亚段剥蚀厚度;优化的孔隙度法适合对孔隙度较大凸起区的沙四下亚段剥蚀厚度进行较为准确的标定;包裹体测温法和镜质体反射率法的恢复结果为少数单井数据点,仅作为参考。     

煤矿采空区场地地基稳定性及适宜性分析

结合一煤矿采空区场地作为新建高层住宅小区场地,通过开采条件、地表移动变形综合确定煤矿采空区的稳定性;采用工程类比法、采空区特征判别法、活化影响因素分析法、地表剩余变形判别法等判别采空区场地工程建设适宜性;建议采空区场地采取吸收地表沉陷变形的柔性措施和抵抗地表沉陷变形的刚性措施来确保拟建建筑物的安全.     

Stochastic methods for safety assessment of the flood defense system in the Scheldt Estuary of the Netherlands

In this study, we address the effective method to apply a novel reliability method integrated with finite element models to the safety assessment of pilot site Scheldt in the Netherlands. This site was considered as one of the three main pilot sites in Europe to assess the application of newly suggested techniques in order to reduce and manage the flood risk in the Floodsite project. , 2004–2009). The novel method of dynamic bounds (DB) is applied to this site after a successful experience in (Rajabalinejad in Reliability methods for finite element models, 1 edn. IOS Press, Amsterdam, 2009). In this study, the bi-functional response of the finite element model is considered, and the dimensional uncertainty is defined presenting the expected uncertainty for a certain dimension in the DB method. The uncertainty is used as a judgment tool to choose the dimension for the DB method for the desired accuracy. The results obtained by applying this technique are presented in this paper.     

岩溶含水介质充填水和泥识别的地球物理勘查技术探讨

岩溶含水介质中充填物性质(水或泥)的正确识别是目前制约岩溶水有效勘查与开发利用的主要“瓶颈”之一。充填物为泥或水时,均反映为低电阻率特性,无法区分充填物到底是水还是泥,从而往往造成打井的失败。作者在近几年岩溶区地下水地球物理勘查工作初步发现,利用水和泥的极化差异识别含水介质充填物性质具有较大的可行性。本文分别讨论了具有与水和泥极化特性相关的核磁共振找水法、激发极化法、频谱激电法三种物探方法识别含水介质充填水或泥的基本原理、野外试验效果。当岩溶含水介质充填水时,核磁共振找水法就会有核磁共振(NMR)信号反映,激发极化法中的极化率参数、频谱激电法中的时间常数均具有高值特征;当岩溶含水介质充填泥时,NMR信号无反应,激发极化法中的极化率参数、频谱激电法中的时间常数均具有低值特征。上述结论经几个不同类型的含水介质实例得到验证,效果明显。      

模糊聚类分析法与舒卡列夫法在小范围内岩溶水化学分类中的比较分析

以西龙河峄山断层带水源地岩溶水系统为例,着重利用模糊聚类分析法进行了岩溶水化学分类,并且与舒卡列夫分类法得到的结果作了比较分析,最后得出结论:模糊聚类分析法分类更合理,更能系统地、全面地反映地下水各种属性、含水层间的水力联系以及地下水的补排关系.     

京津唐水资源规划决策支持系统研究

京津唐地区水资源规划是一个影响这一地区工农业发展和人民生活的多目标、大时空跨度的复杂问题.采用系统论的观点对这一问题进行了分析,并采用原型方法建立了京津唐水资源规划决策支持系统.系统由交互式对话子系统、数据库、模型库、方法库和知识库组成.模型库中装有系统动力学和多目标优化等模型;方法库中装有密切值法和两两比较法等,用于方案的排序;知识库中存贮着用于决策支持的知识.重点介绍京津唐水资源决策支持系统的逻辑和结构.     

黄河源区潜在蒸散量估算方法适用性分析

潜在蒸散量（Potential Evapotranspiration）是区域水量平衡研究的重要参数。为在资料短缺的情况下准确计算潜在蒸散量,并科学评价其简化算法的适用性。基于黄河源区11个气象站点1970—2018年气温、降水、相对湿度、风速、日照时数等逐日观测资料,以联合国粮农组织（FAO）推荐的Penman-Monteith（PM）法为参考,从年、月及空间尺度等方面分析了Priestly-Taylor（PT）法、Doorenbos-Pruitt（DP）法、Hargreaves-Samani（HS）法、Rohwer（RO）法、Thornthwaite（TH）法、Blaney-Criddle（BC）法6种简易算法的计算精度。结果表明在黄河源区HS法与PM法的平均偏差最低,仅为3.487 mm/mon,精度最高。但HS法未考虑平均相对湿度对于潜在蒸散量估算效果的影响,在气候湿润的黄河源区东南部红原县、河南县、若尔盖县、玛曲县及久治县存在精度不高的问题。因此引入平均相对湿度因子对HS法进行修正,并评价了改进后的HS法的应用效果。结果表明,引入平均相对湿度因子修正HS法后,黄河源区整体年潜在蒸散量的平均偏差由?22.008 mm/a降至6.174 mm/a;月潜在蒸散量的平均偏差由3.487 mm/mon降至1.031 mm/mon;空间尺度上,以上5县的平均偏差明显降低,平均降幅达5.33 mm/mon。表明改进后的HS法能够有效解决黄河源区东南部精度不高的问题,可以为黄河源区潜在蒸散量的简化计算提供参考。     

基于多种方法的土壤重金属污染风险评价对比——以江汉平原典型场区为例

以江汉平原典型场区周边农田土壤为研究对象,分析了土壤重金属元素Cd、Pb、As、Hg的总量和赋存形态特征,选用修正单项污染指数法、潜在生态风险指数法、风险评估编码法(RAC)和次生相与原生相比值法(RSP)四种评价方法开展了土壤重金属的污染风险评价,并对评价结果进行了对比讨论。分析结果表明:（1）基于总量的两种方法对比,潜在生态风险指数法优于修正单项污染指数法。（2）基于形态的两种方法对比,RAC法的评价结果比RSP法更为合理。（3）基于总量和形态方法对比,潜在生态风险指数法和RAC法各有其优缺点,潜在生态风险指数法能直观反映重金属在土壤中的富集信息和环境危害性,而RAC法则可以利用形态来阐明重金属在土壤环境中的行为特性和生态活性。因此,在进行土壤重金属污染风险评价时,综合考虑重金属种类、累积程度、生物毒性和生物可利用性等参数指标,才能更加科学准确地评估重金属在土壤中的环境风险。综合上述评价结果,江汉平原典型场区周边农田土壤重金属元素Pb、As污染程度较低,对周边环境无影响;重金属元素Hg累积程度不高,但由于其具有较高的生物毒性,对周边环境存在潜在威胁;重金属元素Cd是研究区最主要的污染因子,对周边环境影响大,亟需采取相应措施减轻Cd带来的风险。     

层次分析-熵值定权法在城市建设用地适宜性评价中的应用

在前人评价经验的基础上,采用层次分析-熵值定权法和模糊综合评价法进行了建设用地适宜性评价,该定权方法所采用的三标度法在一定程度上解决了传统九标度法难以通过的一致性检验问题,且便于把握打分尺度,可操作性强;建设用地评价要素及因子的变异程度对指标的权重有很大的影响,引入熵值的概念能更合理地确定评价指标的权重。文中以天津中心...     

Factors Affecting the Variation of Glacier Surface Runoff-Coefficient in the Recent Years

The mass balance of Urumqi Glacier No.1 (Glacier No.1) was calculated by water balance method and direct measurement method respectively. Water balance method is a kind of calculating method, which studies about the relationship between storage, supply and consumption of water resource in a certain area in a certain period of time (Time for this research is a mass balance year).Mass balance calculated by this method and acquired by filed observation was compared and analyzed. Therefore we got their correlation and expected to apply it to other high latitude and altitude areas.Mass balance and glacial runoff data of Urumqi Glacier No.1 used in this research were acquired from Annual Report of Tianshan Glacier Station, and that started observing in 1959.The data used by this study is collected from 1982-2014. The data of runoff was measured by the hydrology station of Urumqi Glacier No.1 Glacier, which is located in the lower reaches of the glacier about 300 m, and catchment area is about 3.34 km².The data of precipitation and runoff was provided by Daxigou Meteorological Station located in the altitude of 3 539 m, which is distant from the terminus of Urumqi No.1 Glacier about 3 km.Through the comparison of these two kinds of methods, we found that: ①It is better to use water balance method to calculate the mass balance in long time series. The result of water balance method was 1% different from the result of direct measurement during 1982-2014, and the corresponding glacier runoff coefficients were 0.7 and 0.85, respectively. ②The results of water balance method during 1982-2005 had a high correlation with the direct measurements, and the error was relatively small. Besides that, the glacier runoff coefficient reflected the glacier runoff well. However, there were obvious differences between the two kinds of methods during 2005 2012 which showed that the glacier runoff coefficients changed a lot. According to analyzing the two periods of 2005 to 2008 with large error and 1996 to 1999 with small error, we found that the results of water balance method were generally higher than that of the direct measurement in summer. The analysis showed that the changes of water conditions and the corresponding in the glacier runoff coefficient were the main reasons for these differences.The data of precipitation and runoff in the study area was combined with the measured mass balance data, and their potentially internal relationship was found, which could be used to acquire the meteorological data easily and to deduce the mass balance data which is difficult to be acquired. This conclusion is helpful to extending the study area from a single glacier or basin to a large regional scale. Limited to the shortage of data, for the example, this study only discusses the single glacier, Urumqi Glacier No.1. Overall, this study shows that using the potential of water balance method can compute the data of glacier mass balance more accurate on long time scale.     

地球化学快速评价方法在找矿靶区圈定中的应用

针对工作程度较低的地区,作者总结出一种快速有效的找矿新方法——地球化学快速评价方法。本文以四川省白玉县当隆评价区为例,详细介绍了地球化学快速评价方法在找矿靶区圈定工作中的应用。     

灰色关联评价在矿区地下水水质分析中的应用

利用灰色系统理论的灰色关联分析方法,根据灰色关联矩阵提供的丰富信息对地下水水质进行综合评价。通过比较分析,灰色评价方法计算过程简单方便,又充分利用获得的信息,且结果直观可靠,是多因子综合评价较好的方法。     

地下水溶质运移数值模拟中减少误差的新方法

地下水中污染物运移的数值模拟方法一直是学界的研究热点问题.而如何减少与消除对流-弥散方程数值解中浓度陡锋面附近的数值振荡与数值弥散,更是研究的前沿与难点.提出了一种地下水溶质运移数值模拟中减少数值弥散的新方法.该方法的核心思想是在水动力弥散系数上加上一个数值弥散估算值,得到一个修正弥散系数,用其替代方程中有明确物理意义的水动力弥散系数进行计算.并提出了一个参数——数值弥散因子(μ_NDF),可以根据研究需要进行参数分区并适当调节该因子的大小,从而达到控制数值振荡,减小数值弥散的目的.从一维到二维的多个数值算例的模拟计算结果表明,该方法能在消除数值振荡的基础上,较好地减少数值弥散,达到满意的精度.     

马氏距离法在东昆仑东段多元异常圈定中的对比试验

马氏距离是一种多元异常识别方法,目前已有多种基于马氏距离的异常识别方法.笔者选择青海省东昆仑东段1∶50万水系沉积物测量数据,对比常规马氏距离、基于最小方差行列式(FMCD)的稳健马氏距离、基于校正的最小方差行列式的稳健马氏距离(Adaptive)和基于协中值的稳健马氏距离(Comedian)4种方法在识别Cu、Co、...     

全吸力范围内土-水特征曲线的快速测定方法

传统的宽（全）吸力范围内的土-水特征曲线（SWCC）测量方法动辄耗时数月。为了更好地使非饱和土力学理论指导工程实践,SWCC的快速测定显得尤为关键。为开发宽（全）吸力范围内SWCC的快速测定方法,联合压力板法、并行滤纸法、露点水势仪法进行了两种不同土体的宽吸力范围内SWCC的测定试验。试验结果表明：（1）并行滤纸法与串行滤纸法的试验结果能较好地吻合,故可采用并行滤纸法代替串行滤纸法以缩短测量时间;（2）当测量的试验数据满足SWCC的大致形状时（或满足工程设计需求时）,可适当减少试验数量,以提高测定效率,联合测定方法测量一条完整的SWCC仅需要10～12个点即可完成;（3）联合测定方法可将SWCC测量时间由数月缩短至7～10 d。所提出的联合测定方法实现了宽（全）吸力范围内SWCC的快速、精准测定,有望使得SWCC的测量成为常规的土工试验。     

岩土工程评价中的参数插值计算方法

本文从一个简单的实例,提出了岩土工程勘查评价中的参数插值计算问题,简介了一、二元函数的拉格朗日插值方法,并以实例进行了演算,达到了让野外技术人员了解插值方法的目的。     

多管降水法在电力线路工程基坑降水过程中的研究应用

以往榆林沙漠地区基坑降水采用先开挖后降水,容易出现基坑边坡塌方,降水难度大,费工费时,降水效果差,本工程基坑降水采用了多管降水法,从管井的沉设方法,PPR新材料的运用,井管的制作等方面,开发研究出小范围内基坑降水的新方法,降水效果好,可在具有相同水文地质条件的工程降水中应用。