首都圈地震前兆数据库系统的管理与维护

介绍了首都圈地震前兆数据库系统的数据库平台、数据库结构以及数据汇集与共享服务, 给出了首都圈地震前兆数据库系统数据库复制的维护经验。为保障首都圈二市一省的数字化前兆数据能及时、连续地汇集到首都圈地震前兆台网中心, 研制了一个数据传送软件, 以便在数据库复制出现故障时将数据从二市一省前兆台网中心传送到首都圈地震前兆台网中心。该软件的主要功能包括数据传送、数据显示和图形显示。     

青海地震前兆数据库基础信息的完善

分析了前兆数据库中基础信息的重要性、存在的问题及与中国地震前兆数据管理系统基础数据的对应,介绍了如何修改、补充、完善、使用前兆数据库中的基础信息。     

地震前兆数据的管理与服务

简要介绍了中国地震局全国地震前兆台网中心及其前兆数据来源和特点，重点分析了该中心的数据管理、数据服务及应用。全国地震前兆台网中心在剖析地震前兆数据的结构和总结其特点的基础上，选择了自行研制的基于双表数据结构的CAPOmen平台来管理和维护各种前兆数据，并枚举了该平台所具有的一些特点，前兆台网中心还运用Web和FTP等网络传输手段与用户及研究单位进行各种数据交换和共享，提供以CAPOmen 平台为后台数据库管理的基于浏览器的前兆数据查询、浏览、下载及其他服务等。并对地震前兆数据的管理提出几点建议。     

采用数据库冷备份更换升级玉树地震台前兆服务器

地震台节点前兆服务器是前兆台网技术系统的核心,它存储汇集了台站的监测数据,通过地震前兆台网数据管理系统实现与上下级的互联互通。主要介绍采用数据库冷备份方法将源服务器中观测的数据安全地迁移到目标服务器中,确保台站观测的数据免遭损失,以实现地震台前兆服务器更换升级,使前兆数据库继续正常运行。     

台网中心地震前兆数据库的结构及其管理维护

台网中心地震前兆数据库已运行2年多时间,积累了大量的数据,但在实际使用中,数据库的管理维护还存在不少问题。本文着重介绍了地震前兆数据库的结构及在实际使用中如何对其进行管理维护,并介绍了地震前兆数据库管理人员提供给用户使用前兆数据的方法。     

山西地震前兆台网数据跟踪分析

简要介绍近三年来山西地震前兆台网数据跟踪分析的基本情况,对常见的典型干扰事件进行分类梳理,找出影响山西前兆台网观测数据质量的主要因素,明确数据跟踪分析工作的意义,为进一步做好前兆观测数据的分析与应用打下基础。     

数据泵逻辑备份在地震前兆数据库中的应用

数据库备份与恢复是地震前兆台网数据库维护的一项重要工作,目前普遍使用冷备份方法。给出数据泵逻辑备份的新方法,并结合地震前兆数据库特点,介绍数据泵备份在地震前兆数据库中的应用以及备份与恢复中常见问题的解决方案。     

基于ODBC的地震前兆数据批量卸出与转换程序的实现

介绍了CDBC技术、工作流程及数据传递方式；分析了研制数据卸出与转换程序的关键技术及实现方法；描述了程序的组织结构。通过实例说明了该程序在全国前兆台网中心卸载与转换地震前兆数字化的观测数据中的应用。     

辽宁地震前兆数据的多层次纠错检查系统

以辽宁地震前兆数据的传输与处理流程为基础，针对流程中多个传输处理环节的不同前兆报文，加以规范和分析。同时应用计算机技术和语言，实现对前兆数据的多层次纠错检查，并对此系统软件的研制背景、思路、功能特色及应用情况做了介绍。     

基于TCP/IP协议的前兆数据管理软件

为了实现地震前兆数据向中国地震局的报送、数据及时录入SQL数据库,本文介绍了一种前兆数据管理方案,并且在TCP／IP协议上使用VB编写了软件,介绍了程序编写的主要方法。     

如何加强数字化区域前兆网络的安全性

为保证散字化区域前兆网络的正常运行，从网络系统设置以及网络服务两个方面详述了如何加强数字他区域前兆网路安全性的问题，给出了前兆网络安全防范的若干措施，提出了增强网络安全性的几点建议。     

Simulating Stable Isotope Ratios in Plumes of Groundwater Pollutants with BIOSCREEN‐AT‐ISO

BIOSCREEN is a well‐known simple tool for evaluating the transport of dissolved contaminants in groundwater, ideal for rapid screening and teaching. This work extends the BIOSCREEN model for the calculation of stable isotope ratios in contaminants. A three‐dimensional exact solution of the reactive transport from a patch source, accounting for fractionation by first‐order decay and/or sorption, is used. The results match those from a previously published isotope model but are much simpler to obtain. Two different isotopes may be computed, and dual isotope plots can be viewed. The dual isotope assessment is a rapidly emerging new approach for identifying process mechanisms in aquifers. Furthermore, deviations of isotope ratios at specific reactive positions with respect to “bulk” ratios in the whole compound can be simulated. This model is named BIOSCREEN‐AT‐ISO and will be downloadable from the journal homepage.     

“十五”期间山东数字地震台网的建设

“十五”期间．由山东省人民政府和中国地震局共同投资建设．山东遥测数字地震台网新建、改建、扩建为山东数字地震台网。建成后的台网与“九五”期间建设的观测系统比较,提高了整个台网的观测动态范围,扩大了台站的观测频带,丰富了记录的信息量;台站数量与密度的增加,使台网监测能力得到提高。本文介绍了山东数字地震台网的建设内容、台网布局、监测能力和功能。     

Estimating the Efficiency of the New Seismic Network in Vietnam

Earthquakes that occur on the territory of Vietnam and especially in the South China Sea are a major hazard to the Vietnam population and infrastructure because of possible destruction and tsunamis, like those took place there in earlier times according to geological data. Therefore, in the early 2000s, the government of Vietnam decided to modernize and expand the network of seismological observations on the territory of the republic. First, it was planned to modernize the seismic network in Vietnam with 20 broadband seismic stations and then increase that number to 30. This raised the problem of the optimal arrangement of these stations in the country to predict earthquakes and study the structure of the crust and upper mantle of Vietnam. The map of Vietnam clearly shows the impossibility of constructing a single optimal observation network to locate earthquake hypocenters over the entire territory, because it is strongly elongated from north to south. Any seismological observation network for such an entire territory will not be optimal. In this case, we can speak about improving local observation networks for some areas, such as the north, center, and south of the country. This work estimates the efficiency (distribution of the minimum representative magnitudes and the error in determining the coordinates of earthquake hypocenters) for the new network of seismological observations in Vietnam, consisting of 30 stations. To improve the quality of the network in central and southern Vietnam, six more seismic stations are proposed. Such a network will allow more accurate determination of the hypocenter parameters in central and southern Vietnam. During the construction of the optimal network configuration, one of the main problems was the choice of an effective network radius. The formula for determining the optimal radius in the seismic observation network is obtained for the case of a uniform distribution of hypocenters in a certain cylindrical region based on the radius of the base and height of this cylinder. In this work, it follows from the formula that the radius of the optimal network should be no less than the radius of the hypocentral region. In our case, the choice of network radius is confined within the state borders and coastline of Vietnam. These restrictions are taken into account in the calculations to optimize the number of seismic stations and the configuration of their location in the country.     

Prospects for the Development and Application of the Earthquake Monitoring Network

With the rapid development of the economy in China, the seismic network has been changing rapidly, in that the capability of instruments, technological systems and network density are approaching those of developed countries and a large quantity of observation data has been accumulated. How to apply these resources to economic construction and public safety has become an important issue worth studying. In order to improve earthquake prediction and earthquake emergency response, it is suggested in this paper that extracting valuable precursor information, improving earthquake rapid reporting ability and extending rapid intensity reporting function are key issues. Integrating network resources, building unified standards and a multifunction seismic monitoring network are preconditions of establishing a public safety service platform and earthquake observation resources will contribute significantly to the fields of engineering, ocean, meteorology, and environmental protection. Thus, the future directions of the development of the seismic network are exploring monitoring resources, enhancing independent innovation, constructing a technological platform and enlarging the service field.     

Hazard distribution and risk assessment in the network systems

In the age when transport flows in the railway and road systems, information flows in the internet channels, etc. intensify, hazard distribution in the network systems becomes a more relevant and important issue. In the paper various theoretical hazard type distributions in the network systems are analysed. Conditions and assumptions that hazard in the network system cells would settle and became steady are defined. Cases are analysed, when hazard is initiated in one or several network nodes, while in other nodes hazard is decreased, i.e. they have immunity to the hazard. In all cases hazard distribution equilibrium equations are constructed and their solutions‘ existence conditions are defined. Theoretical results are illustrated by simulation of hazard fuel transportation in the Lithuanian roads. It is shown that using this methodology it is possible to construct an algorithm, which enables to operate and decrease fuel transportation hazard and risk. The novelty of the work is associated with employing Markov process to describe hazard distribution mechanism and to determine limited hazard distribution in the nodes of networks. The hazard of tank trucks in the network of Lithuanian roads has been assessed for the first time.     

电阻率二维神经网络反演

由于非线性特性地球物理反演一直以来都是一个比较困难的问题. 近十年来,非线性反演方法如人工神经网络、遗传算法在地球物理数据解释中得到越来越多的应用,但目前基本仍限于一维反演问题. 对于二维反问题,反演参数较多,神经网络反演运用较少. 本文利用BP神经网络优化方法,实现了电阻率二维非线性反演. 与传统线性化的迭代反演比较,神经网络反演能够克服传统方法的不足、获得更好的反演结果.     

区域测震台网监测效能评估方法研究及应用

如何通过评价区域测震台网方式,改善与提高我国区域测震台网监测效能,是当前我们面临的一个新的课题。本文提出的一个省级区域测震台网监测效能评价体系基本思路是,通过建立台网监测效能评价子系统,引入动态统计,指标分析,目标评价,公众评判的综合分析与关联评价方法,探讨我国省级测震台网系统性能与台网运行,维护能力及资料产出、数据服务之间的相互关联。以安徽区域测震台网为例,检验区域台网监测效能评价体系的可行性与实效性。     

四川省数字强震动台网技术问题及解决办法

四川省在地震灾后重建期间对强震动台网系统进行了改造,本文针对四川省数字强震动台网技术系统从通信、电源、台网管理软件三方面对存在的问题进行剖析,认为原来的技术系统在经济欠发达地区的公共环境下,运行效率较低,通过台站技术系统的升级改造,可以满足《强震动观测规程》的要求。并分析了台网技术系统升级改造之后的结果,技术系统的改进代表了台网智能化管理、提高台网管理工作效率的方向。     

道路网络抗震功能失效空间决策支持方法研究

地震作用后桥梁的破坏是导致道路网络功能失效的主要原因。在进行道路网络抗震功能失效分析这一决策过程中,不仅要应用空间分析模型对空间数据进行分析,而且也要对属性数据进行有效的决策分析,因此本文结合了G IS(地理信息系统)与DSS(决策支持系统),形成了以模型库为驱动核心的道路网络抗震功能失效分析空间决策支持,本文着重对数据库及模型库的构建进行了深入研究。