东平湖八里湾闸改建工程设计综述

通过对老湖调洪计算,合理确定东平湖八里湾闸南排设计起始排水位和相应设计泄洪流量;根据改建工程需要,满足南排、新老两湖共用、灌溉和排涝等不同的功能需要;采用桩基开敞式,减少了闸室沉陷量,抗滑稳定性好,运行更为安全可靠;闸室布置了1个低孔和6个高孔,高孔采用折线型底板,消能工采用二级平底消力坎式消能,节省工程投资;首次采用往复式高压喷射灌浆新技术解决了闸室垂直防渗和两岸的绕渗;胸墙的分块设计减小了结构尺寸和配筋数量;首次把钉板型铜塑复合材料应用在平面钢闸门滑块设计中,解决了水电工程平面钢闸门滑动支承所要求的低摩擦系数、抗磨耗和使用寿命长的问题.     

孔隙型碳酸盐岩储集层分类及主控因素:以伊拉克西古尔纳油田Mishrif组为例

通过岩心、薄片和压汞等资料的综合分析,划分并研究了伊拉克西古尔纳油田白垩系Mishrif组孔隙型碳酸盐岩储集层类型及特征,并从层序地层、沉积相和成岩作用角度分析了储层的主控因素和分布特点。研究结果表明:研究区储集层可以划分为高孔高渗型、高孔中渗型、高孔低渗型、中孔低渗型和低孔低渗型5种类型。由高孔高渗型到低孔低渗型储层中值压力和排驱压力依次升高,物性逐渐变差。储层类型受到层序地层、沉积相和成岩作用的控制。海侵体系域和早期高位体系域以低渗储层为主,最大海泛面时期发育低孔低渗型储层,晚期高位体系域发育高孔高渗型储层;开阔陆棚相多发育高孔低渗型储层,台地前缘斜坡相和开阔台地相发育中孔低渗型储层,台地边缘礁滩相能量高,发育高孔高渗型储层,局限台地相发育低孔低渗型储层;溶蚀作用对储层物性影响最大,从高孔高渗型储层到低孔低渗型储层,溶蚀作用逐渐减弱,孔渗性逐渐变差。      

东台市广电中心大楼基坑土钉墙的设计

东台市建筑基坑支护大多采用悬臂式支护、深搅止水方案,均不同程度地出现质量问题.在东台广电中心大楼基坑支护中,首次采用土钉墙支护、深搅止水方案,较好地解决了施工噪音、环境污染等问题,且具有工期短、造价低的特点,值得在当地予以推广.     

文昌13-1/2油田珠江一段细粒储层沉积相及[KH*4D]低阻油层性质

文昌13-1/2油田位于珠江口盆地琼海低凸起倾斜端,在珠江组一段中上部发育粉砂-泥质粉砂细粒海相沉积储层。近来发现该层段含油丰富,主力低阻油层地质储量可观。通过对岩心、测井、地震等资料的综合分析表明,该区的沉积环境主要为浅海陆棚,低阻油层主要发育于下临滨及滨外砂坝沉积微相,局部发育风暴砂。该类低阻油层泥质含量高,电阻率绝对值相对低,与常规油层相比具有高孔低渗的物性特征。通过成因机理探讨,确定了高束缚水饱和度和附加导电能力较强的黏土矿物(伊蒙混层、伊利石)是该区低阻油层发育和分布的主控因素。这类海相低阻油层在我国油气勘探史上尚属首次出现,深入探讨该区细粒储层沉积特征及低阻油层特征对今后及时发现和高效开发此类油田具有重要意义。      

焦作：预审核减建设用地560余亩

焦作市国土资源局在土地参与宏观调控的大背景下,积极参加建设用地预审工作,把好项目用地的第一道“闸门”。2006年,共预审九里山电厂、常付公路等11个省市重点项目的用地工作,涉及用地面积6065.9亩,通过预审核减用地565.65亩。2006年,该市国土资源局首次把建设用地预审工作提到重要的议事日程并付诸实施,为项目立项审核发放第一张通行证。他们起草了《焦作市人民政府办公室关于加强建设用地预审工作的通知》,在所有项目用地范围内进一步加强用地预审工作,严把用地闸门。在建设用地预审工作中,凡是能使用存量土地的,决不发放耕地使用“通行…     

滑坡治理中格构式锚杆框架结构设计

结合略阳县城狮子山滑坡的治理，讨论了格构式锚杆框架结构治理松散堆积体滑坡设计的全过程。根据防治区的工程地质情况和相应的规范要求，确定了防治工程的安全等级。利用格构式锚杆框架结构所采用的小间距、小吨位锚杆及连续格构梁柱．从而使格构梁柱受力较均匀，适合松散堆积体滑坡治理的需要，即同时满足深层抗滑和浅层护坡。给出了坡面推力的计算模型和计算公式．对于格构式锚杆框架结构中的格构梁柱、锚杆和框架间面板也分别给出了相应的结构设计方法和公式．再就施工中应注意的事项给出了明确的建议和要求。     

ICA在合成孔径雷达抗噪声干扰中的应用研究

将ICA（Independence Component Analysis）消噪原理应用于合成孔径雷达抗噪声干扰技术中,用噪声信号和受到干扰的SAR回波数据作为扩展的虚拟观测信号,对扩展的多维加噪观测信号进行分离, 得到源雷达回波信号, 从而实现噪声的有效消除.通过对条带式SAR点目标成像进行仿真试验, 结果表明这种消噪方法在消除SAR噪声干扰中是有效的.     

RS GIS与计算机技术在土地资源综合调查中的应用及效果评述

采用RS、GIS和计算机技术3者相结合的方法,对广东省土地资源进行了首次综合调查.结果表明该方法速度快、费用少、数据准确可靠,成果资料实现了现代化管理模式,调查结果能满足我国社会主义经济建设快速发展的需要.     

深水浅层钻井呼吸效应机制及影响因素分析

钻井呼吸效应常被误判为井涌而采取错误的措施,使呼吸效应强度增加。为明确深水浅层呼吸效应机制,基于深水浅层高孔高渗和裂缝不发育的特点,建立多孔弹性介质渗流模型,模拟深水浅层钻井呼吸效应过程,分析地层参数(弹性模量、泊松比、渗透率和孔隙度)、钻井液性能(塑性黏度和动切力)和井底压差对深水浅层钻井呼吸效应的影响。结果表明：深水浅层钻井呼吸效应属于渗透性诱导机制,使部分钻井液残留在地层中,具有瞬时性,可分为漏失、拟稳态和返排3个阶段。低弹性模量、低泊松比、高孔高渗的地层更容易发生渗透性呼吸效应。加入降滤失剂和膨润土、使用低密度钻井液、采用低排量的钻井方式和控压钻井技术等,可以降低渗透性呼吸效应强度。该结果为深水浅层安全高效钻井提供指导。     

稳健的回光反射平面靶心定位算法

针对因回光反射平面标靶点云数据缺失或冗余而难以准确计算靶心坐标的问题,本文提出一种基于距离标靶重心最远点的边缘点提取和靶心定位算法。首先,进行点云数据预处理,先人工大概选取出标靶点云所在位置,并根据回光反射强度信息提取出标靶点云,对标靶点云进行粗差剔除、投影以及坐标旋转等工作;然后,进行边缘点提取,应用所提的边缘点提取算法对投影到二维平面的标靶点云进行边缘点提取;最后,进行靶心定位,先应用抗差最小二乘对边缘点进行拟合计算圆心坐标,然后将其旋转回三维空间作为靶心坐标计算值。实验结果表明,本文提出的边缘点提取算法能高效、准确地提取出标靶边缘点,比文献[12]中的边缘点提取算法节约了大量时间,并且应用所提取出的边缘点能稳健地计算出靶心坐标,与基准值的偏差在亚毫米以内,优于文献[11]、[12]算法靶心计算精度,有效地解决了残缺或冗余的回光反射平面标靶点云靶心定位问题。     

东平湖新湖分区运用的探讨

东平湖新湖区面积、库容较大,但多数情况下分滞洪水量较小.而分滞一次洪水最小损失达25亿元以上,易造成小水大灾.东平湖新、老湖二级运用已有成功经验.依据新湖的运用水位、淹没损失分析,结合南水北调输水工程,提出新湖分区运用的基本设想;国民经济评价证明,新湖分区运用是可行的.     

An automated method for glacial lake mapping in High Mountain Asia using Landsat 8 imagery

Glacial lakes in the High Mountain Asia (HMA) are sensitive to global warming and can result in much more severe flood disasters than some largesized lakes. An accurate and robust method for the extraction of glacial lakes is critical to effective management of these natural water resources. Conventional methods often have limitations in terms of low spectral contrast and heterogeneous backgrounds in an image. This study presents a robust and automated method for the yearly mapping of glacial lake over a large scale, which took advantage of the complementarity between the modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) and the nonlocal active contour model, required only local homogeneity in reflectance features of lake. The cloud computing approach with the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform was used to process the intensive amount of Landsat 8 images from 2015 (344 path/rows and approximately 7504 scenes). The experimental results were validated by very high resolution images from Chinese GaoFen-1 (GF-1) panchromatic multi-spectral (PMS) and appeared a general good agreement. This is the first time that information regarding the spatial distribution of glacial lakes over the HMA has been derived automatically within quite a short period of time. By integrating it with the relevant indices, it can also be applied to detect other land cover types such as snow or vegetation with improved accuracy.     

东平湖二级湖堤级别的探讨

东平湖是黄河下游的重要分滞洪工程,二级湖堤是东平湖的隔堤,将东平湖滞洪区分隔为新老湖区,2级运用。根据新湖区情况的变化和老湖功能作用的变化,可以看出二级湖堤现堤防级别与东平湖现状及规划不相符,需重新确定,应由4级堤防提高到1级堤防。同时,南水北调远期规划利用东平湖老湖作为调蓄水库,对其二级湖堤功能的变化进行了分析,提高了远期二级湖堤将成为水库围坝,为1级建筑物。     

胶东招平断裂——2200m特大型金矿体地质特征与找矿标志

为加强招平断裂带深部找矿,总结提出"胶西北三大断裂赋矿深度对称、矿体规模对称"的找矿新思路,在招平断裂水旺庄矿区进行验证,取得突破。并首次制作跨四探矿权的5 000 m地质剖面图,研究、指导水旺庄深部找矿,将招平断裂勘查深度从-1 500 m延伸至-2 200 m以上,新增金资源量110 t,使招平断裂带提交金资源量达到1080 t,成为千吨级控矿断裂,其中2号主矿体,新增资源量近90 t,其资源量增加至120余吨,单矿体达到特大型金矿的规模。根据最新研究成果,发现招平断裂北段九曲蒋家208断裂和破头青断裂相互叠加影响形成千米级巨厚蚀变带,按蚀变程度由浅至深划分为5层,其中浅部一、二层由破头青断裂控制,中间第三层由破头青和九曲蒋家208断裂共同控制,深部四、五层由九曲蒋家208断裂控制,厚大矿体即赋存于第四层绢英岩化花岗质碎裂岩带内。新思路、新方法的应用极大提高了工程部署合理性,二期详查钻孔见矿率达到100%,取得重大找矿成果,呈现了招平断裂北段深部轨迹。确定九曲蒋家208断裂为招平断裂北段深部找矿的主要目标。     

Deep thoughts of land utilization about the rarely severe flooding disaster along the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang River in 1998

Duringthefloodperiodof1998,someregionsofChinasufferedseriousfloodingandwaterlogging.EspeciallyintheChangjiangRiver,thewholebasinfloodonceemergedin1954occurredagain,andthemostseverefloodinthehistoryalsoemergedintheSonghuaRiverandtheNenjiangRiver,whicharousedmuchattentionacrossthewholecountry.Accordingtoincompletestatistics,till22ndofAugust,29provinces,autonomousregionsandmunicipalitieshadbeenaffectedbythefloodsinvaryingdegrees.ZI.2millionhaoflandwereinundated,223millionPeOPlewereaffeCted,3…     

Decadal glacial lake changes in the Koshi basin,central Himalaya,from 1977 to 2010, derived from Landsat satellite images

Changes in glacial lakes and the consequences of these changes, particularly on the development of water resources and management of glacial lake outburst flood(GLOF) risk, has become one of the challenges in the sustainable development of high mountain areas in the context of global warming. This paper presents the findings of a study on the distribution of, and area changes in, glacial lakes in the Koshi basin in the central Himalayas.Data on the number of glacial lakes and their area was generated for the years 1977, 1990, 2000, and 2010 using Landsat satellite images. According to the glacial lake inventory in 2010, there were a total of 2168 glacial lakes with a total area of 127.61 km~2 and average size of 0.06 km~2 in the Koshi basin. Of these,47% were moraine dammed lakes, 34.8% bedrock dammed lakes and 17.7% ice dammed lakes. The number of glacial lakes increased consistently over the study period from 1160 in 1977 to 2168 in 2010, an overall growth rate of 86.9%. The area of glacial lakes also increased from 94.44 km~2 in 1977 to 127.61 km~2 in 2010, a growth rate of 35.1%. A large number of glacial lakes in the inventory are small in size(≤ 0.1km~2). End moraine dammed lakes with area greater than 0.1 km~2 were selected to analyze the change characteristics of glacial lakes in the basin. The results show that, in 2010, there were 129 lakes greater than 0.1 km~2 in area; these lakes had a total area of 42.92km~2 in 1997, increasing to 63.28 km~2 in 2010. The distribution of lakes on the north side of the Himalayas(in China) was three times higher than on the south side of the Himalayas(in Nepal).Comparing the mean growth rate in area for the 33 year study period(1977-2010), the growth rate on the north side was found to be a little slower than that on the south side. A total of 42 glacial lakes with an area greater than 0.2 km~2 are rapidly growing between 1977 and 2010 in the Koshi basin, which need to be paid more attention to monitoring in the future and to identify how critical they are in terms of GLOF.     

基于地表能量平衡的厦门岛城市功能区人为热排放分析

人为热排放不仅是城市热岛形成的重要因子,而且是与能源消耗密切相关的指标,对其大小和变化特征进行分析有利于减缓城市热岛与节能减排。本文以厦门岛为研究区,利用2009年多时相的Landsat TM影像和地表能量平衡模型反演出不同季节的人为热排放,在此基础上结合IKONOS影像解译的城市功能区,分析不同类型城市功能区人为热排放的时空变化特征。结果表明：不同类型城市功能区的人为热排放均在夏季达到最大,春季最小;工业区的人为热排放一直高于其他类型的城市功能区;工业区人为热排放高值区主要集中厦门岛西部传统的重点工业区,交通区人为热排放高值区的空间分布与厦门岛“三纵四横”的交通干线分布格局相吻合,居住区人为热排放高值区主要集中在旧城区,商业及公共设施区人为热排放高值区主要集中在单体建筑大的商圈和公共设施;总体上厦门岛西部的人为热排放比东部要高。这种时空分布的差异性与用地类型、人口数量与经济发展程度密切相关,而且建筑物的密度、高度和下垫面的材料通过影响其他地表通量来改变人为热排放的大小。通过分析不同城市功能区人为热排放的时空变化特征,可以从更微观的角度理解城市热环境和能源利用现状,为促进城市可持续发展提供理论依据。     

Seasonal variation of tidal prism and energy in the Changjiang River estuary:a numerical study

Tidal rivers are intrinsically complex because tidal propagation is influenced by river discharge. This study aims to examine the seasonal variation of tidal prism and energy variance in the tidal river of the Changjiang(Yangtze) River estuary in China. In order to quantify the behaviour of river and tide,we use numerical modelling that has been validated using measured data. We conduct our analysis by quantifying the discharge and energy variance in separate components for both the river and the tide,during wet and dry seasons. We note various definitions of tidal prism and explore the difference between tidal discharge on the flood and ebb and tidal storage volume. The results show that the river discharge attenuates the tidal motion and reduces the tidal flood discharge but the tidal storage volume is approximately constant with different riverine discharge since part of the fresh water discharge is intercepted and captured in the estuary due to the backwater effect. It appears that the tidal discharge adjusts according to the variation of river discharge to keep a constant tidal storage volume. An analysis of the hydraulics shows that the transition from tidal dominance(at the mouth) to river dominance(upstream) depends on the location of tidal current reversal which varies from wet season to dry season. Duringthe wet season,the Changjiang River estuary is totally dominated by energy from fresh water discharge.     

Improvement of glacial lakes detection under shadow environment using ASTER data in Himalayas, Nepal

The detection of glacial lake change in the Himalayas, Nepal is extremely significant since the glacial lake change is one of the crucial indicators of global climate change in this area, where is the most sensitive area of the global climate changes. In the Himalayas, some of glacial lakes are covered by the dark mountains′ shadow because of their location. Therefore, these lakes can not be detected by conventional method such as Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), because the reflectance feature of shadowed glacial lake is different comparing to the ones which are located in the open flat area. The shadow causes two major problems: 1) glacial lakes which are covered by shadow completely result in underestimation of the number of glacial lakes; 2) glacial lakes which are partly identified are considered to undervalue the area of glacial lakes. The aim of this study is to develop a new model, named Detection of Shadowed Glacial Lakes (DSGL) model, to identify glacial lakes under the shadow environment by using Advanced Space-borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data in the Himalayas, Nepal. The DSGL model is based on integration of two different modifications of NDWI, namely NDWIs model and NDWI she model. NDWIs is defined as integration of the NDWI and slope analysis and used for detecting non-shadowed lake in the mountain area. The NDWIshe is proposed as a new methodology to overcome the weakness of NDWIs on identifying shadowed lakes in highly elevated mountainous area such as the Himalayas. The first step of the NDWIshe is to enhance the data from ASTER 1B using the histogram equalization (HE) method, and its outcome product is named ASTER he . We used the ASTER he for calculating the NDWI he and the NDWIshe . Integrated with terrain analysis using Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data, the NDWI she can be used to identify the shadowed glacial lakes in the Himalayas. NDWIs value of 0.41 is used to identify the glacier lake (NDWIs≥0.41), and 0.3 of NDWIshe is used to identify the shadowed glacier lake (NDWIshe≤0.3). The DSGL model was proved to be able to classify the glacial lakes more accurately, while the NDWI model had tendency to underestimate the presence of actual glacial lakes. Correct classification rate regarding the products from NDWI model and DSGL model were 57% and 99%, respectively. The results of this paper demonstrated that the DSGL model is promising to detect glacial lakes in the shadowed environment at high mountains.     

茅庄煤矿水淹区残余煤开采技术应用

厚煤层水淹区残余煤量的回收一直是衰老矿井所面临的一个重要课题,残余煤复采安全技术研究对资源枯竭的老矿井有着再生的作用并能够带来可观经济效益及社会效益。该文对水淹区残余煤量的复采方法进行了详细的研究,根据老空水的贮存及残余煤量的赋存状况,提出了一系列的方法和措施。通过合理疏放老空水、优化巷道布置和开采工艺设计,对原已搁弃的呆滞煤量进行了充分的回收,为类似条件下残余煤的回收提供了宝贵的意见。