北京降尘宇宙成因核素^14C和^10Be分布特征木——祝贺刘东生先生九十华诞

对2006年4月北京降尘进行了^10Be，^14C和δ^13C等项分析，初步结果显示：降尘^10Be浓度与黄土比较接近，降尘中黑炭的δ^13C数值与黄土有机质接近；降尘中黑炭的^14C年龄大致可划分为两个特征区间，反映了降尘物质有两大源区。本工作在刘东生先生指导下完成，谨以此文祝贺刘先生九十华诞。     

Distribution and mode of occurrences of radionuclides in phosphogypsum from the Aqaba and Eshidiya fertilizer plants, Jordan

Phosphogypsum is a waste by-product of the phosphate fertilizer industry that has relatively high concentrations of some U decay-series radionuclides such as ^226Ra and ^210Pb. The distribution and environmental mobility of radionuclides in phosphogypsum are an important concern because this gypsum by-product is used for wallboard, in agriculture and as a soil amendment. This study determined the distribution of ^226Ra, ^210Pb, within phosphogypsum stacks of varying age and among three size fractions （coarse： 〈0.212 mm; medium： 0.212-0.053 mm; fine： 〈0.053 mm）, in phosphogypsum derived from Aqaba and Eshidiya fertilizer plants. The results indicated that ^226Ra and ^210Pb were generally uniformly distributed in phosphogypsum stacks and showed no significant difference in the concentration of these elements with the age of stack. In the Aqaba phosphogypsum ^226Ra was slightly 10% enriched in the coarse fraction, while ^210Pb was 10% enriched in the free size fraction. In the Eshidiya phosphogypsum ^226Ra and ^210Pb contents were both relatively enriched （10%） in the fine size fraction.     

One hundred years of sedimentation history of heavy metals in Daya Bay, China

The estuarine and coastal systems play an important role in sedimentary deposition which acts as a sink of particle-associated contaminants （PACs） such as heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. These pollutants are supposed to be harmful to biota in aquatic systems by their persistence, bio-accumulation and toxicity. Therefore, it is needed to understand how anthropogenic activities change the concentrations of potential contaminants in the aquatic environment. In addition, chronologies of metal concentrations can be constructed by ^137Cs and ^210Pbex in dated core sediments. In the present work, the concentrations of the heavy metals As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn, Co, Fe, and Mn were measured in sediment cores collected from four stations （W0, W2, W6, W9） around the Guangdong Nuclear Power Station （GNPS） at the Daya Bay （China）. Methods： after dissolved by mixed mineral acids, the concentrations of heavy metals were determined by PE AAnalysit-700 atomic absorption spectroscopy. The composition of total organic mater （TOC） and total nitrogen （TN） was also evaluated by elemental analysis instruments （CHN-O-RAPID, Heraeus, Germany）. Activities of ^210Pbex and ^137Cs were determined on a Gamma-ray spectrometer （EG ＆ G ORTEC ADCAM-2000, P-type, relative efficiency 35%）. Results and discussion： the experimental data showed that the average values of heavy metals are 18.6, 0.035, 32.9, 38.1, 10.6, 74.9, 4.1, 29100 and 543 mg/kg for As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn, Co, Fe and Mn, respectively, which are obviously larger than the background abundances of those heavy metals in sediment cores.     

陕西小秦岭华阳川韧性剪切带的特征及其区域构造意义

陕西小秦岭华阳川韧性剪切带发育在新太古界太华群之中,野外调研和显微构造观察结果表明,该韧性剪切带是由构造片岩、眼球状片麻岩组成的深层次韧性剪切带,具有逆冲兼左行走滑的斜冲特征。对韧性剪切带构造片岩黑云母进行^40Ar／^39Ar同位素定年,获得坪年龄为419M±0．6Ma,反等时线年龄为417Ma±0．8Ma。认为华阳川韧性剪切带及其相应的小秦岭区域主导构造变形是发生于419Ma左右的秦岭加里东事件的结果。     

Evolution of the Mesozoic Granites in the Xiong＇ershan-Waifangshan Region, Western Henan Province, China, and Its Tectonic Implications

Based on the new data of isotopic ages and geochemical analyses, three types of Mesozoic granites have been identified for the Xiong'ershan-Waifangshan region in western Henan Province: high-Ba-Sr I-type granite emplaced in the early stage (～160 Ma), I-type granite in the middle stage (～130 Ma) and anorogenic A-type granite in the late stage (～115 Ma).Geochemical characteristics of the high-Ba-Sr I-type granite suggest that it may have been generated from the thickened lower crust by partial melting with primary residues of amphibole and garnet. Gradual increase of negative Eu anomaly and Sr content variations reflect progressive shallowing of the source regions of these granites from the early to late stage. New 40Ar/39Ar plateau ages of the early-stage Wuzhangshan granite (156.0±1.1 Ma, amphibole) and middle-stage Heyu granite (131.8±0.7 Ma, biotite) are indistinguishable from their SHRIMP U-Pb ages previous published, indicating a rapid uplift and erosion in this region. The representative anorogenic A-type granite, Taishanmiao pluton, was emplaced at ～115 Ma. The evolution of the granites in this region reveals a tectonic regime change from post-collisional to anorogenic between ～160 Ma and ～115 Ma. The genesis of the early- and middle-stage I-type granites could be linked to delamination of subducted lithosphere of the Qinling orogenic belt, while the late-stage A-type granites represent the onset of extension and the end of orogenic process. In fact, along the Qinling -Dabie-Sulu belt, the Mesozoic granitoids in western Henan, Dabieshan and Jiaodong regions are comparable on the basis of these temporal evolutionary stages and their initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios,which may suggest a similar geodynamic process related to the collision between the North China and Yangtze cratons.     

镍箔恒温自沉积总α、总β计数法同时或连续测定样品中210Pb、210Bi、210Po

研究了210Bi、210Po同时恒温自沉积于镍箔的最佳制源环境,建立了岩石、土壤以及水体样品中210 Pb、210 Bi、210 Po同时或连续测定的方法——镍箔恒温自沉积总α、总β计数法。试验发现,当镍镀片面积为3.14cm2,盐酸浓度为1.0mol/L,溶液体积为25mL,恒温90℃,振荡频率180次/min,振幅20mm,制源60min,210Bi和210Po可同步定量自沉积。210 Po加入量与总α净计数率相关系数为0.9998,210Bi加入量与总β净计数率相关系数为0.9997。放置衰变法可以消除Bi和Po其它短寿命放射性同位素对测量产生的影响,盐酸肼及酒石酸存在时大量共存离子不干扰测定。方法的精密度优于5%,全程加标回收率在99.5%～100.5%。     

楼子店变质核杂岩韧性变形作用的40Ar/39Ar年代学约束

楼子店变质核杂岩以拆离系中韧性剪切与脆性拆离运动学不一致,有别于北美科迪勒拉变质核杂岩。构造分析表明,核杂岩两侧拆离系中韧性剪切具有统一的上盘向北东的剪切特征。采自核杂岩两侧韧性剪切带中的3个黑云母单矿物^40Ar／^39Ar年龄介于126～128Ma之间,西侧韧性剪切带中1个角闪石单矿物^40Ar／^39Ar年龄为134Ma,4个样品的坪年龄与对应的等时线年龄一致。角闪石和黑云母坪年龄记录的韧性剪切作用的时限为126～134Ma,并且显示出韧性伸展的特点。研究表明楼子店变质核杂岩两侧的韧性剪切带形成时间一致并具有相同的运动学,韧性剪切作用是核杂岩形成演化的一个重要阶段,这为核杂岩形成的韧性伸展阶段的约束提供了年代学证据。     

滇西北衙金矿区碱性斑岩岩石学、年代学和地球化学特征及其成因机制

报道了在北衙金矿区新发现的含矿石英钠长斑岩的特征以及某些罕见的地质现象,如石英正长斑岩侵位于岩溶洞穴,黑云正长斑岩侵位于未固结河湖相沉积物中,并形成诸如微晶与玻璃质基质共生和斑岩与围岩混积等奇特结构构造,并给出了矿区斑岩系统的~(39)Ar/~(40)Ar年龄。年龄结果显示:石英钠长斑岩形成于第三纪早期、年龄为65．56Ma,石英正长斑岩形成于25～33Ma之间,黑云正长斑岩侵位于上新世、两个岩体黑云母的年龄分别为3．66Ma和3．78Ma。矿区石英钠长斑岩、石英正长斑岩和黑云正长斑岩均为碱性斑岩,具有一些相似的地球化学特征,包括岩石中(K_2O+Na_2O)＞10%,SiO_2＞67%,富轻稀土、与OIB相似的REE稀土分配模式,Sr＞400×10~(-6),~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr＞0．707。矿区碱性斑岩的REE组成和Nd-Sr-Pb同位素组成显示斑岩成因于含有大洋岛屿玄武岩(OIB)、大洋中脊玄武岩(MORB)、正常沉积岩和上地幔(EMII+PREMA)组分的混合源,我们进一步推断北衙矿区碱性斑岩和滇西其它第三纪碱性斑岩一样成因于被掩埋的古金沙江特提斯大洋岩石圈与其上覆上地幔之间因印度-亚洲大陆俯冲-碰撞而导致的强烈剪切变形所引起和形成的熔体的上侵。     

新疆甘肃交界红柳河蛇绿岩中伸展构造与古洋盆演化过程

红柳河蛇绿岩中保存了大量伸展特征构造，如堆晶辉长岩层中发育丰富的辉长质糜棱面理、伸展褶劈理、小型韧性低角度正断层、韧-脆性共轭正断层和脆性正断层等伸展变形构造。蛇绿岩中伸展变形构造经历了完整的变形序列：从韧性变形、经韧脆性变形到脆性变形。构造几何学关系表明这些构造形成于红柳河古洋盆闭合之前洋壳扩张过程中。^40Ar／^39Ar年代学的研究确定了红柳河古洋盆演化的过程：洋盆扩张发育在462Ma之前，并在412Ma前闭合。     

湖北神农架石笋年纹层与氧碳同位素关系

基于湖北神农架青天洞石笋U 系测年和年纹层统计结果,分别建立了末次盛冰期( 17 474± 174～ 16 105± 151 aB. P. )和全新世大暖期( 6 935. 4± 33. 8～6 137± 48 aB. P. )长达1 000余年的两个石笋年纹层生长序列。全新世大暖期年纹层平均厚度( 265μm) 约为末次盛冰期( 102μm)的2. 5倍,说明在间冰期东亚季风增强时石笋沉积速率较大,冰期时则相反。两支分辨率为4～ 8年的石笋年纹层厚度与δ13 C变化曲线对比显示: 在百年尺度上,石笋年纹层厚度与δ13 C变化曲线均呈良好的相关性(相关系数分别为- 0. 53和- 0.60) ,说明两指标可能受洞穴上覆土壤带CO2 产率这一主控因素的影响。当上覆土壤层生物活动增强, CO2 分压较高时,导致石笋δ13 C值偏负、生长速率增大。然而,在相同尺度上,两支石笋δ18O变化与对应的δ13 C及年纹层厚度之间的相关性较弱,反映研究地点上覆土壤层CO2产率对东亚夏季风强弱变化响应关系比较复杂。      

^40 Ar/^39 Ar Dating of the Shaxi Porphyry Cu-Au Deposit in the Southern Tan-Lu Fault Zone, Anhui Province

Four samples of plagioclase and biotite from the Shaxi porphyry in the lower part of the Yangtze metallogenic belt were analyzed for age determination with the 40Ar/39Ar method. The results yield reproducible ages of 126 Ma to 135 Ma with a high level of confidence according to the agreement between isochron and plateau ages. The four Ar-Ar ages are relatively consistent within the analytical error. These ages are also consistent with, but more precise than, previous K-Ar and Rb-Sr ages and thus provide better constraints on the time of porphyry formation and associated Cu-Au mineralization along the middle to lower part of the Yangtze metaliogenic belt. The ages of 126 to 135 Ma are interpreted to represent the intrusive time of the Shaxi porphyry, so that the Cu-Au mineralization should have occurred later due to the post-magmatic hydrothermal event.     

东天山接触交代型铁矿成矿时代的确定及其意义

通过对东天山接触交代型铁矿中透闪石单矿物进行40Ar/39Ar年龄测定,获得坪年龄(387.21±0.68)Ma和等时线年龄(389.65±1.46)Ma.初步认为,此类接触交代型铁矿的成矿时代为387Ma左右.结合区域构造背景,可以认为,在早古生代东天山处于洋壳俯冲-消减产生的陆缘弧环境下,大规模构造岩浆活动是前寒武系中铁元素富集的主要动力,也是形成接触交代型铁矿的主要控制因素之一.     

西藏马莜木埃达克质斑岩的^40Ar-^39Ar年龄与地球化学特征

马莜木花岗闪长斑岩位于特提斯喜马拉雅构造带上的北喜马拉雅构造带,紧靠雅鲁藏布江深大断裂南侧产出.该岩体的黑云母40Ar/39Ar测年结果为17.68±0.15Ma,40Ar/36Ar初始比值为294±13,系中新世侵入产物.元素地球化学研究表明,该岩体具有高Al2O3、K2O和低Y、yb含量,富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素,尤其是富集K和Sr,Eu为弱亏损,普遍具有较高的Sr/Y、(La/Yb)N比值及较低的Y/Yb比值,具有与典型埃达克岩相似的地球化学特征.微量元素地球化学和Nd-Sr-Pb同位素研究表明,马莜木斑岩体可能是下地壳与富集地幔(EMⅡ)物质混合熔融的产物,熔融残余相为角闪石+石榴石+辉石+含钛矿物.区域对比发现,该岩体与冈底斯中新世含矿斑岩不仅具有非常相似的地球化学特征,而且形成时代近于一致,可能是在同一个大的区域构造背景下同期形成的产物.马莜木埃达克质花岗闪长斑岩的发现,不仅加深了人们对藏南地区地质构造演化的认识,为研究整个青藏高原的形成演化提供和积累第一手地质资料,而且也为在本区寻找与埃达克质岩有关的金属矿床提供了理论依据.     

δ13C-δ18O Covariance: An Effective Indicator of Hydrological Closure for Lakes?

The correlation between the δ^13C and δ^13C-δ^18O in primary carbonates is affected by several factors such as hydrological balance, total CO2 concentrations, climatic condition and lake productivity. The influence of these factors on the δ^13C-δ^18O correlation may be different on different time scales. In this paper, two different-type lakes in southwestern China, Lake Erhai and Lake Chenghai, are selected to investigate the influence of climatic pattern on the δ^13C-δ^18O correlation and to evaluate the reliability of the δ^13C-δ^18O covariance as an indicator of hydrological closure. The results show that there exists good correlation between the δ^13C and δ^18O in Lake Erhai （overflowing open lake） and in Lake Chenghai （closed lake）. This suggests that the δ^13C-δ^18O covariance may be not an effective indicator of hydrological closure for lakes, especially on short time scales. On the one hand, a hydrologically open lake may display covariant δ^13C and δ^18O as a result of climatic influence. The particular alternate warm-dry and cold-wet climatic pattern in southwestern China may be the principal cause of the δ^13C-δ^18O covariance in Lake Erhai and Lake Chenghai. On the other hand, a hydrologically closed lake unnecessarily displays covariant trends between δ^13C and δ^18O because of the buffering effect of high CO2 concentration on the δ^13C shift in hyper-alkaline lakes. We should be prudent when we use the covariance between δ^13C and δ^18O to judge the hydrological closure of lake.     

日本岛根县石见银矿区英安质火山岩中的黑云母矿物学特征及其K-Ar和40Ar-39Ar年代学研究

以显微镜、X射线衍射仪和电子探针等方法,对日本岛根县石见银矿区所产英安质火山岩中的黑云母进行了详细的研究．观察到部分黑云母经受了不同程度的热液蚀变作用。根据对未蚀变、或仅受到轻微蚀变作用的黑云母所进行的^40Ar-^39Ar同位素年龄测定,它们主要为第四纪产物。但是,从经受强热液蚀变作用的黑云母所获得的^40Ar-^39Ar同位素结果表明,后期的高温热液活动可以破坏晶体中的原始K—Ar同位素平衡,使得其。^40Ar-^39Ar同位素年龄与高于从未蚀变矿物所获得的结果,从而产生严重的年代失真。所以,对来自热液蚀变带的样品需要进行详细的矿物学研究。估计对黑云母的原始KAr同位素体系产生破坏的热扰动临界温度可能在200℃左右。     

渤海地区^210Pb、^137Cs同位素测年的研究现状

近百年来环渤海地区的沉积作用是影响该区近现代地质环境变化的重要因素。本文收集了该区迄今公开发表的用于确定现代沉积速率的84组^210Pb、^137Cs柱状剖面（包括210Pb样柱52组，^210Pb、^137Cs样柱32组），其中海区39组，潮间带及沿海低地地区45组。环渤海地区的^210Pb放射性活度的深度分布曲线主要表现为3种形式：理想指数衰变型、近等幅摆动型和海洋特殊动力事件影响型。根据由陆向海方向沉积速率的变化，可初步划分为沿岸低沉积速率带、开放潮坪高沉积速率带及海区低沉积速率区；区域性差异则表现为渤海湾开放潮坪区上部由北（蓟运河口）向南（老狼坨子）沉积速率表现为高-低-高，辽东湾从其西侧的锦州湾向东至辽河河口的开放潮坪地区，沉积速率递减，黄河三角洲地区及其附近海域属于间歇式快速沉积区，莱州湾西部为高速沉积区。     

小冰期多尺度气候波动:贵州董哥洞高分辨率石笋记录

具有精准年代控制的高分辨率气候记录对于深入研究小冰期气候变化规律具有重要意义。文章基于黔南荔波县董哥洞D41石笋(研究部分长约11.7 cm)的24个U-Th绝对定年和1165组碳、氧稳定同位素测试数据,得到明清小冰期期间(公元1400~1880年)平均分辨率高于0.5年的洞穴上游水汽传输路径的空间集成降雨量变化记录。重建记录表明小冰期内部气候变化存在着多年代际-百年尺度变化趋势和年际-年代际波动;次级波动与干旱事件、火山活动的响应表明石笋δ^18O能够反映一定的大尺度气候信号。D41石笋的δ^18O序列功率谱分析结果显示出160年、11.5年、9年以及14~16、4~7年周期,可能反映了太阳活动和ENSO等地球气候系统内部变率的影响。中国南北方多根石笋氧同位素记录的对比表明崇祯大旱期间(公元1628~1643年)石笋记录显示出与历史文献资料类似的干旱边界,从南方至北方水汽传输路径上,干旱状态反映的空间集成降雨量减少可能是引起北方石笋氧同位素偏重的主要原因。另外,石笋氧同位素记录在年际-年代际尺度上明显的区域差异表明在短尺度上将单个洞穴石笋氧同位素记录用作亚洲季风强度指标时需要谨慎。     

冈底斯带门巴花岗岩同位素测年及其对新特提斯洋俯冲时代的约束

本文应用单颗粒锆石SHRIMP U—Pb法和角闪石^40Ar／^39Ar法,对出露在冈底斯构造带上的门巴花岗岩体进行了同位素测年,时代分别为207Ma和215Ma,表明它们形成于晚印支期。地质与地球化学研究显示该时期形成的岩体主要为黑云角闪花岗闪长岩和黑云母二长花岗岩,它们形成于岛弧环境,与其南侧墨竹工卡一带出露的晚三叠世钙碱性火山岩（叶巴组）共同构成与板块俯冲有关的特征性岩石组合,揭示新特提斯洋的俯冲时代应早于晚三叠世。     

近400年来新疆策勒红柳沙包稳定氧同位素与气候变化

建立红柳沙包沉积纹层年代序列和提取气候环境信息是高分辨率古气候环境变化研究的重要手段。利用策勒达玛沟红柳沙包高度约450 cm沉积纹层红柳落叶的稳定氧同位素数据,结合策勒气象站1960~2011年观测数据,运用移动平均法对稳定氧同位素和气象数据进行平滑处理后,运用相关分析及逐步回归法,定量重建了策勒地区近400年来的4月平均气温和3月降水量序列。研究结果表明:红柳落叶δ^18O平均值为33.96‰,波动范围为27.18‰~44.07‰,波动幅度为16.89‰,δ^18O变化受多个气候要素的综合影响。δ^18O与4月平均气温呈显著负相关,与2月和12月平均气温呈显著正相关;δ^18O与10月、4月、5月、9月、7月以及全年的空气相对湿度呈显著正相关;δ^18O与3月、9月和8月的降水量呈显著正相关,与2月降水量呈显著负相关;δ^18O与2月日照时数呈显著正相关,与9月和10月的日照时数呈显著负相关。策勒地区近400年来气候变化可划分4个阶段:1635~1725年为暖干期,1726~1792年为冷湿期,1793~1897年为暖干期,1898~2009年为冷湿期。     

Occurrences of Excess ^40Ar in Hydrothermal Tourmaline： Interpretations from ^40 Ar-^39Ar Dating Results by Stepwise Heating

The occurrences of excess ^40Ar within a hydrothermal tourmaline is discussed in term of the analysis data of syngenetic muscovite and tourmaline from the Lushui hydrothermal tin-tungsten deposit in western Yunnan, China, using the ^40Ar-^39Ar stepwise heating technique. About 80% excess ^40 Ar was released in the last step when the tourmaline was fused, corresponding to a release of only -3% ^39 Ar （K）, which indicates that most excess ^40 Ar was held in the mineral lattice rather than in the channels parallel to the Z-axis. This suggests that the excess ^40 Ar was incorporated during crystallization and not diffused into the tourmaline during the post-crystallization history.