浙西北湖安地区花岗岩剥露程度及其对萤石矿找矿的启示——来自于磷灰石裂变径迹的证据

浙西北湖(州)—安(吉)地区近年来新发现一系列的大中型萤石矿,显示出该地区良好的萤石矿成矿潜力.随着勘查工作的持续推进,地表找矿难度的增加,对浙西北萤石矿深部找矿潜力的研究逐渐被大家所重视.本文选择浙西北湖安地区典型萤石矿区出露的花岗岩体,通过磷灰石裂变径迹技术,获得花岗岩体的裂变径迹年龄,分析花岗岩经历的热演化历史,...     

磷灰石裂变径迹研究新疆阿尔泰山南缘剥露历史及古地形再造

本文应用裂变径迹技术对阿尔泰地区13个磷灰石裂变径迹样品进行分析研究,揭示了该地区的隆升剥露历史,并进行了古地形再造.热历史演化模式具有3个阶段的特征:①约120～80 Ma至70 Ma,温度较高,处于磷灰石裂变径迹退火带底部温度,主体高于100℃,晚白垩世末期和早第三纪初期,阿尔泰地区构造运动不明显,仅有微弱的升降运动,均夷作用显著;②从80～70 Ma至30～20 Ma,快速冷却,温度由85～75℃降至35～30℃,晚第三纪,自中新世起,特别是中新世中晚期,由于喜马拉雅运动的影响,块断升降运动较为加强,山区上升,盆地相对下降;③从约30～20 Ma至现今,缓慢冷却,温度由35～30℃降为现在的地表温度(平均20℃).三阶段隆升速率分别为0.025 mm/a,0.027 mm/a和0.02 mm/a;隆升幅度分别为1.14 km,1.34 km和0.43 km.地表隆升幅度变化于634～2394m之间.区内平均剥蚀量为2168m,平均隆升量3318m,二者之差1150 m便是现在的平均高程.     

吉林夹皮沟本区金矿剥露历史与矿床保存变化

<正>成矿后的变化与保存是矿床学研究的重要领域,矿区剥露历史对于区内矿体保存状况具有重要的指示意义。裂变径迹年代学是研究区域隆升剥露的一种有效手段,能提供剥蚀速率和剥蚀量的定量数据,本文应用裂变径迹技术研究吉林省夹皮沟金矿区中生代成矿以来剥露历史,揭示其演变机理。     

冈底斯构造带西段帮布勒铅锌铜矿床的剥露和保存：来自裂变径迹热年代学的证据

帮布勒铅锌铜矿床是近年在冈底斯构造带西段新发现的大型矽卡岩型矿床。采用低温热年代学方法,揭示帮布勒矿区的冷却和剥露历史,评估矿床保存情况,完善冈底斯构造带西段隆升剥露记录。结果显示,石英斑岩磷灰石裂变径迹年龄为24±2～32±3 Ma(1σ),记录了矿区在渐新世时的冷却和剥露时间。热演化历史模拟表明,帮布勒矿区存在3期冷却事件：Ⅰ始新世—渐新世晚期(48～24 Ma),冷却速率为4.56～10.64℃/Ma,与印度-欧亚大陆碰撞及碰撞后的地壳增厚有关;Ⅱ渐新世晚期—中新世中期(24～14 Ma),冷却速率为0.38～1.9℃/Ma,与印度俯冲板块折返、断离有关;Ⅲ中新世中期至今(14 Ma至今),冷却速率为2.28～9.88℃/Ma,与冈底斯构造带发育的南北向裂谷有关;其中5 Ma时,与冈底斯构造带普遍隆升有关。帮布勒矿区自始新世以来的剥露厚度为1.5～2.5 km,典中组火山岩的覆盖为矿床保存至今起到了保护作用。     

胶东西北部金矿剥蚀程度及找矿潜力和方向——来自磷灰石裂变径迹热年代学的证据

矿床形成后会经历不同形式的变化,区域隆升与剥蚀是影响矿床变化保存最为关键的因素之一。构造-热年代学是目前广泛运用于研究区域隆升剥蚀的一种重要手段,本文以我国最大金矿集中区———胶东西北部金矿及赋矿围岩玲珑花岗岩为研究对象,尝试将构造-热年代学引用到矿床成矿后变化与保存研究。通过磷灰石裂变径迹热年代学测试获得玲珑花岗岩距今110Ma以来的隆升演化历史,结果显示岩体剥蚀速率很小,平均0.0303±0.0044mm.a-1,自金矿形成后区域热-构造运动趋于平静,这对矿床的保存非常有利。胶东金矿成矿深度范围集中于4~10km,根据剥蚀速度计算玲珑花岗岩剥蚀量仅为2.0~4.2km,远未达到金矿最大成矿深度。当前本区金矿勘探和开采深度普遍小于2km,深部金矿找矿潜力良好。     

东昆仑五龙沟金矿床成矿热历史的裂变径迹热年代学证据

本文将取自五龙沟地区3个金矿体(区)的锆石和磷灰石进行裂变径迹热年代学分析,实测锆石裂变径迹年龄为197.4～235.0Ma,实测磷灰石年龄为200.5Ma,磷灰石校正年龄为244Ma,这与已有的RbSr和KAr同位素年龄范围207.1～252.9Ma基本一致,代表了相应温度时的成矿时代。热历史模拟结果显示,矿区主要经历了2次升温和降温过程,不仅体现了成矿作用的长期性,而且体现了成矿作用多期次的特征,各矿体矿石中锆石的裂变径迹年龄相差较大亦是佐证,并且符合多期次成矿的地质特征。     

塔里木北缘前寒武基底隆升剥露史：来自磷灰石裂变径迹的证据

库鲁克塔格隆起位于塔里木盆地北缘,广泛出露前寒武基底岩石。辛格尔村附近出露的太古宙杂岩,包括灰色片麻岩、角闪岩、片岩、混合岩和大理岩。新元古代地层出露在库鲁克塔格隆起西部的兴地、西山口、辛格尔和杀马山附近,不整合在古元古代和中元古代的片麻岩、角闪岩和片岩之上,并被早古生代的地层不整合。因此,该地区是了解塔里木盆地前寒武基底热演化史的理想地区。本研究的目的是为了探索：①塔里木基底岩石最初于何时剥露于地表？②塔里木基底剥露以后是否经历过再次埋藏和剥露？③塔里木基底岩石构造热演化过程对大陆边缘不同构造事件的响应。为了获取塔里木北缘剥露史和冷却过程信息,我们开展了裂变经迹的研究。含磷灰石的样品采自库鲁克塔格隆起的兴地断裂两侧。样品池年龄介于146．0±13．4和67．6±6．7Ma之间,平均经迹长度介于．11．79±0．14和13．89±0．27μm之间。根据样品年龄和样品所处的构造位置,样品可以分为3组。A组样品包括F2、F3、F4、F5和F8,裂变经迹表观年龄约100～110Ma,通常位于未遭断层变形的地区。B组样品包括F7、D和F10,裂变经迹表观年龄小于80Ma,构造上位于断层上盘并靠近断层。c组样品F11具有最大的裂变经迹表观年龄146．0±13．4Ma。热模拟表明,库鲁克塔格地区的隆升剥露作用可以划分为四期,分别是早侏罗世晚期（180Ma）、晚侏罗世-早白垩世（144～118Ma）、晚白垩世早期（94～82Ma）和新生代晚期（约10Ma）。裂变经迹记录的库鲁克塔格多阶段隆升作用,是对亚洲南缘多期地体碰撞增生的响应。     

矿床变化与保存研究的裂变径迹新途径

矿床形成后的变化与保存是矿床学研究与找矿勘探中一项极其重要但仍需进一步加强的基础性工作。影响矿床变化与保存的众多因素中,区域隆升与剥蚀是最为关键的因素之一。裂变径迹法是研究区域隆升与剥蚀的一种有效手段,它能为我们提供剥蚀速率以及剥蚀量的定量数据。一些产于花岗质岩体内与岩体有成因联系的矿床,其成矿深度可以通过详细的流体包裹体研究来获得。通过成矿深度与岩体剥蚀深度对比分析,能使我们更好地了解矿床形成后变化保存条件。裂变径迹法与流体包裹体研究相结合是矿床形成后变化与保存研究一种切实可行的方法。     

西秦岭阳山金矿带成矿热年代学:锆石和磷灰石裂变径迹研究

阳山金矿带因其独特的构造位置、超大型金资源量以及成矿后区域发生大规模隆升剥蚀事件,成为矿床学领域研究热年代学的理想选区。本文针对金矿带成矿后热历史演化开展锆石和磷灰石裂变径迹研究,获得如下成果：（1）锆石裂变径迹年龄值分布范围为(287.0±21)～(101±3) Ma(1σ),且不同岩性的年龄值各有特征,砂板岩锆石裂变径迹年龄值跨度最大(287～107 Ma),千枚岩锆石裂变径迹值分布范围为177～101 Ma,斜长花岗斑岩中锆石裂变径迹年龄值为193～185 Ma;（2）磷灰石裂变径迹年龄值分布范围为(69±7)～(46±14) Ma(1σ),径迹长度及其分布特征显示金矿带在晚白垩世—古新世的地层冷却表现为单调且缓慢地通过磷灰石裂变径迹的封闭温度。根据金矿带热历史演化分析,结合研究区古地温梯度、成矿深度数据,得出泥山矿段先于葛条湾矿段剥蚀,阳山金矿带自白垩纪以来地层总剥蚀厚度约为12.24 km,矿体剥蚀厚度上限约为880 m,推测阳山金矿带北部地层剥蚀少的矿段有较大的找矿潜力。     

拉斯曼丘陵新生代剥露作用的裂变径迹证据

在西南极和横贯南极山脉地区,新生代裂谷和剥露作用非常普遍。但是,文献中很少记录东南极地区的新生代剥露作用。文中根据东南极普里兹湾拉斯曼丘陵地质样品的磷灰石裂变径迹年龄和热历史的模拟,认为在东南极海岸边缘存在新生代的隆升和伸展作用,其年龄为始于(49.8±12)Ma。该年龄略晚于西南极裂谷系的启动年龄(约60~50Ma)。由于差异隆升作用,在拉斯曼丘陵地区发育了更新的正断层作用——拉斯曼丘陵拆离断层的新活动,其年龄为约5.4Ma。东南极周缘新生代裂谷和伸展作用的普遍存在,是冈瓦纳裂解以来大陆分离和印度洋形成的结果。     

Uplift and denudation of Mt Sanqingshan Geopark,Jiangxi Province,China

Mt Sanqingshan, a global Geopark and world natural heritage site located in Jiangxi Province, China, is famous for its eroded granite peaks. The uplift and denudation history of the area has been reconstructed using fission track methods for the first time. Apatite fission track ages (AFTAs) cluster into three groups at ca. 25 Ma, 45–55 Ma, and 70 Ma. These ages can be related to ancient multilevel denudation planes at about 900, 1200, and 1500 m above sea level, respectively. The apatite data also reveal four cooling stages for the Mt Sanqingshan region, from ca. 90 to 65–60 Ma, 65–60 to 45 Ma, 45 to 20–15 Ma, and 20–15 Ma to the present, with cooling rates of 1.96°C, 1.18°C, 0.37°C, and 3.78°C per million years, respectively, and an average cooling rate of 1.80°C per million years. Calculated uplift rates are 0.055, 0.034, 0.011, and 0.11 mm year^?1 in the four stages, yielding uplifts of 4140, 570, 290, and 1940 m, respectively. The uplift rate of the last stage was significantly faster than that of the other three preceding stages, reflecting rejuvenation of Mt Sanqingshan, as a result of new tectonism. The average uplift rate at Mt Sanqingshan is 0.053 mm year^?1, and the average denudation rate is 0.048 mm year^?1, resulting in 3550 m of uplift and 2540 m of denudation relative to eustatic sea level. The 1010 m difference is very close to the average elevation of about 1000 m at present. A comparison of uplift–denudation histories for Mt Sanqingshan and Mt Huangshan shows that fission track results can be useful for defining geomorphological development stages.     

鄂尔多斯盆地钻井样品的锆石裂变径迹年龄及意义

鄂尔多斯盆地钻井样品的锆石裂变径迹年龄测定结果,证实了该盆地在中生代晚期发生过温度达210℃左右的热事件。不同构造单元样品的锆石裂变径迹数据存在明显差别,这是因中生代晚期盆地构造运动强度不同所致。     

新疆阿尔泰铁热克提岩体热历史的磷灰石裂变径迹法研究

通过对新疆阿尔泰铁热克提岩体4个磷灰石裂变径迹样品分析研究表明,具有3个阶段的热演化模式:①大约 120 Ma之前,温度为105~130 ℃或90~120 ℃,属于较高温稳定期;②60~120 Ma,温度为90~120 ℃或20~65 ℃,系快速冷却与隆升期;③60 Ma以来为20~65 ℃或12~18 ℃,属低温稳定期.第2阶段(60~90 Ma期间),冷却速率为2.5~3.23 ℃/Ma,相当于抬升速率为83.3~107.7 m/Ma.60~120 Ma的快速隆升作用以及80.4~91.9 Ma的裂变径迹年龄,证实燕山晚期发生过新的陆内挤压造山活动.     

青藏高原北缘昆仑山中段构造隆升的磷灰石裂变径迹记录

应用磷灰石裂变径迹年代学方法研究太岳山脉中段构造隆升与剥露过程,这对于进一步认识华北地块构造演化过程具有重要的意义。结果表明：太岳山脉中段自中侏罗世末期以来经历了持续隆升剥露过程,并受到了热事件的影响。模拟结果显示,太岳山脉中段中生代—新生代共经历了4期快速隆升剥露：165～112 Ma、103～85 Ma、80～50 Ma及28 Ma以来。样品裂变径迹年龄与海拔高程呈正相关关系,隆升速率为8.4 m/Ma。剥蚀速率从早白垩世晚期以来的14.9～18.1 m/Ma逐渐增加到始新世以来的50.5～64.7 m/Ma,太岳山脉中段早白垩世晚期以来的隆升过程具有多期性,总体上呈加速隆升的特点。太岳山脉中段中生代—新生代的隆升史与太行山、吕梁山等山西地块的同期演化史具有一定的一致性,与汾渭裂谷系的快速沉降相耦合。

     

Shaping the Australian crust over the last 300 million years: Insights from fission track thermotectonic imaging and denudation studies of key terranes

Apatite fission track thermochronology is a well‐established tool for reconstructing the low‐temperature thermal and tectonic evolution of continental crust. The variation of fission track ages and distribution of fission track lengths are primarily controlled by cooling, which may be initiated by earth movements and consequent denudation at the Earth's surface and/or by changes in the thermal regime. Using numerical forward‐modelling procedures these parameters can be matched with time‐temperature paths that enable thermal and tectonic processes to be mapped out in considerable detail. This study describes extensive Australian regional fission track datasets that have been modelled sequentially and inverted into time‐temperature solutions for visualisation as a series of time‐slice images depicting the cooling history of present‐day surface rocks during their passage through the upper crust. The data have also been combined with other datasets, including digital elevation and heat flow, to image the denudation history and the evolution of palaeotopography. These images provide an important new perspective on crustal processes and landscape evolution and show how important tectonic and denudation events over the last 300 million years can be visualised in time and space. The application of spatially integrated denudation‐rate chronology is also demonstrated for some key Australian terranes including the Lachlan and southern New England Orogens of southeastern Australia, Tasmania, the Gawler Craton, the Mt Isa Inlier, southwestern Australian crystalline terranes (including the Yilgarn Craton) and the Kimberley Block. This approach provides a readily accessible framework for quantifying the otherwise undetectable, timing and magnitude of long‐term crustal denudation in these terranes, for a part of the geological record previously largely unconstrained. Discrete episodes of enhanced denudation occurred principally in response to changes in drainage, base‐level changes and/or uplift/denudation related to far‐field effects resulting from intraplate stress or tectonism at plate margins. The tectonism was mainly associated with the history of continental breakup of the Gondwana Supercontinent from Late Palaeozoic time, although effects related to compression are also recorded in eastern Australia. The results also suggest that the magnitude of denudation of cratonic blocks has been significantly underestimated in previous studies, and that burial and exhumation are significant factors in the preservation of apparent ‘ancient’ features in the Australian landscape.     

存在比桑日群弧火山岩更早的新特提斯洋俯冲记录么?

帮布勒铅锌铜矿床是近年在冈底斯构造带西段新发现的大型矽卡岩型矿床。采用低温热年代学方法,揭示帮布勒矿区的冷却和剥露历史,评估矿床保存情况,完善冈底斯构造带西段隆升剥露记录。结果显示,石英斑岩磷灰石裂变径迹年龄为24±2~32±3 Ma(1σ),记录了矿区在渐新世时的冷却和剥露时间。热演化历史模拟表明,帮布勒矿区存在3期冷却事件：Ⅰ始新世—渐新世晚期(48~24 Ma),冷却速率为4.56~10.64℃/Ma,与印度-欧亚大陆碰撞及碰撞后的地壳增厚有关;Ⅱ渐新世晚期—中新世中期(24~14 Ma),冷却速率为0.38~1.9℃/Ma,与印度俯冲板块折返、断离有关;Ⅲ中新世中期至今(14 Ma至今),冷却速率为2.28~9.88℃/Ma,与冈底斯构造带发育的南北向裂谷有关;其中5 Ma时,与冈底斯构造带普遍隆升有关。帮布勒矿区自始新世以来的剥露厚度为1.5~2.5 km,典中组火山岩的覆盖为矿床保存至今起到了保护作用。

     

Latest Triassic to Early Jurassic Thrusting and Exhumation in the Southern Ordos Basin, North China: Evidence from LA-ICP-MS-based Apatite Fission Track Thermochronology

The contractional structures in the southern Ordos Basin recorded critical evidence for the interaction between Ordos Basin and Qinling Orogenic Collage. In this study, we performed apatite fission track(AFT) thermochronology to unravel the timing of thrusting and exhumation for the Laolongshan-Shengrenqiao Fault(LSF) in the southern Ordos Basin. The AFT ages from opposite sides of the LSF reveal a significant latest Triassic to Early Jurassic time-temperature discontinuity across this structure. Thermal modeling reveals at the latest Triassic to Early Jurassic, a ~50°C difference in temperature between opposite sides of the LSF currently exposed at the surface. This discontinuity is best interpreted by an episode of thrusting and exhumation of the LSF with ~1.7 km of net vertical displacement during the latest Triassic to Early Jurassic. These results, when combined with earlier thermochronological studies, stratigraphic contact relationship and tectono-sedimentary evolution, suggest that the southern Ordos Basin experienced coeval intense tectonic contraction and developed a north-vergent fold-and-thrust belt. Moreover, the southern Ordos Basin experienced a multi-stage differential exhumation during Mesozoic, including the latest Triassic to Early Jurassic and Late Jurassic to earliest Cretaceous thrust-driven exhumation as well as the Late Cretaceous overall exhumation. Specifically, the two thrust-driven exhumation events were related to tectonic stress propagation derived from the latest Triassic to Early Jurassic continued compression from Qinling Orogenic Collage and the Late Jurassic to earliest Cretaceous intracontinental orogeny of Qinling Orogenic Collage, respectively. By contrast, the Late Cretaceous overall exhumation event was related to the collision of an exotic terrain with the eastern margin of continental China at ~100 Ma.