东大别条带状片麻岩的构造变形特征及对大别杂岩流变机制的指示

大别造山带是由华北板块和扬子板块经过长期构造演化、最终碰撞拼合的产物。东大别造山带作为大别造山带和郯庐断裂带的过渡部位,对认识大别造山带的构造演化及其与郯庐断裂带的构造关系有重要的意义。本文对东大别造山带南北向霍山-马垅剖面进行了野外构造观察和室内显微构造分析。东大别造山带发育地壳深部构造层次上的条带状片麻岩,通过角闪石-斜长石温压计得到其形成条件为T=737±40℃, P=0.94±0.15 GPa,属于高角闪岩相-低压麻粒岩相变质,形成深度约28 km左右,处于中下地壳流变层。对条带状片麻岩及糜棱岩的应力进行恢复,结果显示东大别主要受到NE-SW向和NW-SE向两个方向上的挤压以及顺造山带的拉伸,可能代表受特提斯和太平洋构造体制共同作用的结果。大别造山带受特提斯构造体制影响的应力方向是NE-SW向,此应力可以分解成垂直于造山带挤压和平行于造山带向东牵引的力,并且南北向的空间缩短已经形成,应力已经作用到大别杂岩内部,大别杂岩需要在此应力的作用下由西向东发生塑性流动,进行应力释放,这也是塑性流动得以持续进行的动力。大别杂岩由西向东的塑性流动边界是晓天-磨子潭剪切带与殷店-马垅剪切带,开...     

桐柏杂岩南北边界剪切带的对比以及对桐柏造山带构造格局的制约

桐柏杂岩的南北边界的剪切带分别是殷店-马垅韧性剪切带和晓天-磨子潭韧性剪切带,这两条韧性剪切带内都发育杆状构造,且杆状构造具有层状结构,层与层之间通过一种特殊的滑脱面结合。由于晓天-磨子潭韧性剪切带相对于殷店-马垅剪切带位置明显更靠近商丹断裂带,早期商丹断裂带的活动在岩石中留下的变形痕迹导致了后期晓天-磨子潭韧性剪切带的变形程度要略强于殷店-马垅剪切带。这两条剪切带都是以简单剪切为主的剪切带,变质条件也相似,都属于角闪岩相变质,处于中-下地壳流变层位置。U-Pb同位素测年结果显示,晓天-磨子潭韧性剪切带的活动年龄为171~142Ma,殷店-马垅韧性剪切带的活动年龄为164~137Ma,两条剪切带的主活动期都在中-晚侏罗世,在早白垩世随着岩浆活动的峰期到来慢慢减弱停止。桐柏造山带在印支晚期碰撞挤压背景下的向东挤出不是一个整体的挤出,而是有层次的差异挤出,挤出的同时层与层之间会发生滑动,滑脱面类似滑动的润滑剂,酷似"管状流动"的构造。在晓天-磨子潭韧性剪切带和殷店-马垅韧性剪切带的牵引作用下,整个桐柏造山带由西向东发生管状流动。     

桐柏造山带中剪切带的位移量及年代学研究

桐柏造山带在形成和演化过程中产生了多条韧性剪切带, 本文选取其中大河-固县剪切带和殷店-马垅剪切带作为研究对象, 分析其构造变形特征, 并利用数学法和图解法, 分别计算出两条韧性剪切带的位移量; 对殷店-马垅剪切带尝试用同构造变形石英脉的ESR测年来确定剪切带的活动年龄, 其结果与前人在该地区所获得的年龄十分吻合。大河-固县剪切带具右旋剪切的运动学特征, 运动学涡度W_k明显大于0.75, 指示以简单剪切为主, 位移量为857~867 m。殷店-马垅剪切带同样为右行剪切, 其位移量为1 081~1 113 m, 石英ESR测年结果140.6~131.5 Ma, 表明桐柏造山带碰撞后的构造变形以剪切活动为主, 活动年龄在早白垩世时期。     

桐柏-大别南缘殷店-马垅韧性剪切带的变形及年代学分析

殷店-马垅（简称殷马）韧性剪切带是桐柏-大别造山带南缘的一条重要的边界断裂,对其精细的构造变形研究将有助于进一步认识桐柏-大别造山带的演化方式和过程。本文主要对殷店和马垅两个地区进行了详细的剖面观测,利用有限应变测量,计算出殷马剪切带中岩石应变椭球长短轴的平均轴率为1.69,靠近剪切带的岩石应变量大,向北远离剪切带,应变量减小;通过构造应力场分析查明剪切带的古应力状态,最大压应力σ₁为北北东-南南西向,对应最大拉应力σ₃为北西西-南东东向。岩石的有限应变分析和应力场状态,反映出板块间的碰撞挤压作用力在平行剪切带和垂直剪切带方向上存在应力分解。剪切带内糜棱岩中的锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,其年龄为172～137 Ma,据此得出殷马剪切活动时代主要为中侏罗世-早白垩世。     

桐柏-大别南缘变质流体变质-变形特征及构造意义

前人研究认为桐柏山主要是由桐柏核部杂岩单元组成,它是一个早白垩世花岗质片麻岩杂岩体,其中包含一定的三叠纪中高级变质岩石,后期一起经历相同的构造变形过程,在南北两侧形成剪切旋向完全相反的两条大型韧性剪切带,殷店-马垅剪切带就是南边的华南板块由SSE→NNW挤压作用下,在斜切大别造山带的方向上产生的右行平移断裂带。在野外进行地质考察的过程中,发现在该地区变质流体的分布具有一定的规律。因此,本文通过对殷店-马垅剪切带地质特征、走滑性质、糜棱岩及糜棱岩化岩石的变质变形,剪切带内长英质脉体物质组成、变形特征及物质来源等方面研究,探讨剪切带中变质流体的分布规律以及变质变形与变质流体之间的关系。     

南华北盆地与东秦岭—大别造山带的耦合关系

南华北盆地包括周口坳陷和合肥坳陷 ,是横跨在华北地块南部和华北地块南缘构造带之上的具有挤压和伸展双重性质的叠合盆地。受东秦岭—大别造山带的影响 ,它在中生代表现为东秦岭—大别山北麓冲断带前沿的前陆盆地 ,到新生代转化为断陷盆地。区域上 ,南华北盆地和东秦岭—大别造山带跨越四大构造单元 ,由南向北依次为扬子板块、南秦岭—大别 (包括南大别碰撞杂岩带和北大别弧杂岩带 )构造带、北秦岭—北淮阳构造带、华北地块南缘构造带和华北板块。其间分布着 5条主要断裂 ,即襄樊—广济断裂、桐柏—磨子潭断裂、方城—舒城断裂、确山—合肥…     

“秦岭-大别-苏鲁”造山带中“古特提斯缝合带”的连接

中国大陆西北部的"古特提斯缝合带"如何与东面的"秦岭-大别-苏鲁"造山带连接,是涉及中国大陆中部构造格架的关键问题之一。南秦岭造山带中的古特提斯蛇绿岩带和东秦岭-桐柏-大别-苏鲁造山带中三叠纪高压-超高压变质带的对比,以及一条位于两者之间的220~204 Ma的大型左行走滑剪切带的存在,提供了它们之间关系的新的视角,为此,我们提出南秦岭的勉略蛇绿岩带向东通过宁陕-湘河大型左行走滑剪切带,和大陆俯冲与深俯冲造成的"耀岭河-桐柏-大别-苏鲁"高压—超高压变质带北缘连接,构成"秦岭-大别-苏鲁"造山带中的古特提斯缝合带新模式。沿着这条边界,南秦岭构造单元可以分为南部的南秦岭被动陆缘单元和北部的南秦岭主动陆缘单元,后者向东的延伸由于南、北板块之间三叠纪的剪切碰撞而尖灭。     

试论桐柏造山带与西大别造山带的对比

根据已有资料探讨了桐柏造山带与西大别造山带的对比。桐柏造山带由6个构造单元组成,西大别造山带可划分为10个构造单元。两个造山带北部的5个构造单元可以完全对比,并可恢复为华北板块南缘的古生代活动性大陆边缘,表明桐柏与西大别曾共同经历扬子板块古生代的俯冲。再向南,熊店—浒湾韧性剪切带中的熊店榴辉岩意味着古生代高压变质作用的存在,但不能划定明确的分布范围和构造单元。而其他中生代高压—超高压岩石以带状和穹窿状分布,在桐柏和西大别地区占据中生代造山带的主体部分,构成可以对比的线状和穹窿状构造单元。桐柏与西大别造山带的结构都是由北部古生代弧陆碰撞造山带和南部中生代高压—超高压折返形成的造山带拼合而成,因此两者都具有古生代和中生代多期造山带的特点。从构造单元和演化阶段方面分析,两个造山带是可以对比的。     

桐柏杂岩北界剪切带的变质变形分析及归属讨论

秦岭—桐柏—大别碰撞造山带是世界上最大的高压—超高压构造带。通过对桐柏杂岩北界剪切带的观察分析得知,桐柏杂岩北界剪切带是一条左旋平移性质的韧性剪切带,该剪切带内多发育杆状构造,且杆状构造具有圈层结构,层与层之间通过一种特殊的滑脱面结合。经过镜下分析测量得知,桐柏杂岩北界剪切带的有限应变测量值R_(xz)在1.80~2.04之间,平均值为1.95,涡度值W_k在0.82~0.90之间,平均值为0.86,均大于0.75,说明桐柏杂岩北界剪切带是一条以简单剪切为主,纯剪切为辅的韧性剪切带,反映出此剪切带不是单纯的造山带挤压形成,还受到平行于造山带方向的剪切作用,可能与造山带碰撞后的折返机制有关。通过石英和长石的动态重结晶以及角闪石全Al压力计、角闪石—斜长石温度计和黑云母中Ti温度计可以得知桐柏杂岩北界剪切带的形成条件约为t=560~684℃,P=0.6~0.9 GPa,属于高角闪岩相,处于中地壳流变层位置。通过与商丹断裂带(商南—丹凤断裂带)以及晓天—磨子潭剪切带的对比可以知道,桐柏杂岩北界剪切带可能对应晓天—磨子潭剪切带的西延部分,而不是商丹断裂带。     

大别-苏鲁造山带在朝鲜半岛可能的构造表现

在晚二叠世—早三叠世期间,中国的华北与扬子板块俯冲碰撞形成了大别-苏鲁造山带。针对这次碰撞作用向东在朝鲜半岛的延伸方式,近些年来不同学者提出了多种模式,但都有其局限性。通过比较临津江带、沃川带与大别造山带之间的构造活动关系,结合已有的变质地质学和地质年代学数据,建立了大别-苏鲁造山带在朝鲜半岛的东延模式。推测自临津江带至沃川带构成了一条较完整的中生代造山带,即大别-苏鲁造山带在朝鲜的东部延伸,原来意义上的“京畿地块”已不复存在。而岭南地块上与华北板块相似的信息可能是造山作用后期伸展拆离作用下来自朝鲜半岛北部的外来构造岩片所致。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861