CORRESPONDENCE ANALYSIS AND ADSORBATE SELECTION FOR CHEMICAL SENSOR ARRAYS

Carey et al.utilized principal components analysis (PCA) to analyze frequency shift data obtained frompiezoelectric sensors formed by coating quartz crystals with 27 different GC stationary phases and testedusing 14 analytes.The objective of the analysis was to determine an optimal reduced set of coatings fordetection of the analytes.The results were correlated with those obtained from cluster analysis.In thispaper the data are re-analyzed using correspondence analysis (CA).The advantage of using CA includea symmetric treatment of sensor coatings and analytes and better identification of the representation ofthe analytes in terms of the detection components.The results obtained by the conjunctive use of PCA,a varimax rotation and cluster analysis were obtained by CA.     

基于空间信息的烤烟种植适宜性 评价与轮作规划

基于遥感计算的气温和土壤水分及DEM计算的太阳辐射等地表参数代替站点观测数据,采用100m×100m栅格和适宜性评价指数对泸西县的烤烟种植适宜性进行评价,分析其空间分布规律。在此基础上,进行了烤烟的烟田轮作规划与核查监督。研究表明,泸西县的烤烟种植最适宜区的耕地利用率偏低,仅为28.1%,尚有2165ha的最适宜耕地有待开发利用。烤烟轮作率虽然逐年增长,最高也仅为63.7%,离95%的目标轮作率仍存在较大差距。适宜性评价时,利用遥感和DEM计算的地表参数代替观测站点的插值数据,能获得可靠的数据支持,弥补因观测站点缺失而导致的数据失真。基于空间信息的轮作规划与核查监督,可有效改善烤烟轮作率,提高烤烟的质量和产量。     

MULTIVARIATE SELECTION OF VARIABLES IN INDUSTRIAL QUALITY CONTROL:OPTIMIZING AVIATION FUEL FINAL CONTROL

This paper deals with a typical question encountered in all industrial analytical laboratories:are all thetests performed in the laboratory to characterize the final product really necessary?In this work the cross-validation technique,Procrustes rotation techniques and statistical variable selection have been used toreduce the 26 initial British Petroleum and ASTM kerosene specification tests to ten'essential'ones.Statistical as well as chemical considerations were used to select the optimum subset of original variablesto be retained from all the possible ones.     

三维空间中沙粒旋转对其跃移轨迹的影响

风沙流中沙粒旋转通常具有明显的三维旋转特性。本文通过数值建模考察了三维空间中不同沙粒旋转状态所产生的Magnus力对其跃移运动轨迹特征的影响。在三维坐标系中,X、Y、Z轴分别表示水平、垂直和横向方向,气流沿X方向流动,沙粒起跳时位于XY平面内。结果表明,跃移沙粒仅绕Z轴旋转起跳时,初始起跳角速度的增大会导致在XY平面内的跃移高度和跃移距离减小而降落角增大,但Z方向没有运动发生。跃移沙粒仅绕X轴或Y轴旋转起跳时,绕X轴或Y轴的初始起跳角速度的变化对在XY平面内的跃移轨迹特征量没有显著影响,但沙粒偏离XY平面的偏离距离和偏离角的绝对值随起跳角速度绝对值的增加而增大。因此,沙粒起跳旋转状态对其跃移轨迹有重要的影响。     

哀牢山徐家坝地区土壤中12种元素的自然背景值

分析了云南的哀牢山徐家坝地区黄棕壤中１２种元素的背景值。讨论了成土母质类型和植被类型对土壤中元素的背景值的影响。     

油田开发区水体的非点源石油污染试验研究——以胜利油田为例

本文通过对胜州油田开发区内水体非点污染源的土壤水文类型进行了划分,估算了各非点污染源的油类侵蚀量及其对石油入海通量的贡献。进行了以小流域为单元的非点污染源油类侵蚀的计算,确立了4个重点发生区,提出控制与管理必须以小流域为单元的流域综合治理。     

Observation of Coriolis coupled modes below 1 mHz

We present observations of spectral energy at toroidal mode frequencies in vertical seismic recordings of the 1998 Balleny Islands earthquake. Since toroidal modes on a spherically symmetric, nonrotating Earth have horizontally polarized particle motion these observations call for an explanation. We first rule out local and instrumental effects as being responsible for the verticalcomponent signal of the toroidal modes ₀ T ₃ (0.59 mHz) and ₀ T ₄ (0.77 mHz). The global effects that we consider are general heterogeneous mantle structure, ellipticity of figure and rotation. We find that rotation through Coriolis coupling of loworder spheroidal and toroidal oscillations is the dominant mechanism.     

New seismological constraints on differential rotation of the inner core from Novaya Zemlya events recorded at DRV, Antarctica

Novaya Zemlya nuclear test records at the seismic station DRV, Antarctica, are analysed in order to obtain further constraints on a possible differential rotation of the inner core with respect to the mantle. These data allow the sampling of the inner core along a nearly polar path in very stable conditions over more than two decades, from 1966 to 1990. The PKP (BC)– PKP (DF) traveltime residuals, which reflect the inner-core anisotropy and/or heterogeneities sampled along the path, exhibit a great stability through time. A computation of the residuals that are expected for various differential rotation rates and the same rotation axis as the mantle has been performed using the worldwide residual catalogue of Engdahl et al . (1997) for summary rays that include the time as an additional parameter in data stacking. Comparison of data and predictions shows that an eastward differential rotation with a rate as large as 3°  yr⁻¹, as suggested by some authors, is not possible, but an eastward rotation at 1°  yr⁻¹ or lower cannot be rejected.     

An analysis of subaerial beach rotation and influences of environmental forcing adjacent to the proposed Swansea Bay Tidal Lagoon

Beach Profiles surveys and gale climate data were utilised to assess medium timescale beach rotation at four beaches located along the shores of a crenulated embayment within Swansea Bay, Southwest Wales. The proposed Tidal Lagoon is located within this Bay. Results identified a 7 year (1998–2005) record of cyclic summer/winter rotation and a 14 year (1999–2013) record of annual rotation within the subaerial zone on all four assessed beaches. In the absence of headlands to trap sediment it is asserted that the driving force for beach rotation is the presence of Swansea Dockland/Tawe dredged channel complex, Port Talbot Harbour and the Neath dredged channel which form surrogate headlands essentially creating four separate beach systems through restricting sediment by-pass. Seasonal averaged wind and wave variables showed differing correlation with volume changes and cross-correlation results showed that volume variation lagged behind forcing variables by up to six months (i.e. the resolution of the data). This was confirmed by the annually averaged results which showed only subtle correlation. Here volume change in most cases lagged forcing variables by less than one year. Based on correlations, wind direction variability follows closely with volume changes but wind speed, wave period and height are generally opposite. Initial results suggest that the proposed Swansea Bay Tidal Lagoon, located between sediment cells and surrogate headlands, would have little negative effect on subaerial coastal processes. These datasets will be used as a benchmark for monitoring prior to, during and post construction, with results being used to update and inform subsequent strategies.     

大别山马鬃岭蕨类植物资源的开发利用

马鬃岭自然保护区共有蕨类植物２８科、５５属、８９种，本文论述了马鬃岭蕨类植物的基本特点和分布规律，并根据用途将区内的野生蕨类植物划分为７类，即药用资源、观赏资源、工业原料资源、指示资源、食用资源、编织和包装资源、饲料和绿肥资源。文章最后提出了合理开发利用马鬃岭蕨类植物资源的一系列建议。     

The effects of seismic rotations on inertial sensors

With the important increase in the number of instruments, especially in the near field of quite significant earthquakes, unsaturated traces have led seismologists to question what they are really measuring. We have performed a review of previous studies related to the effects of rotations on both horizontal and vertical components of various sensors. Illustrations of near-field records show that the recovering static displacement requires an accurate rotation estimation that present-day seismometers cannot achieve. Estimations of coseismic tilts (rotation around an horizontal axis) using seismometers cannot be achieved independently of translational motion. Therefore, for specific configurations such as near-field or long-period far-field, reconstruction of the ground motion requires specific rotation measurements. Effects of the Chi-Chi earthquake (1999) on accelerograms make the static displacement estimation unreliable. For long-period background noise, far-field horizontal seismic signals present unexpected N45° polarization, which is explained by the similar influence of the rotation around the vertical axis on the two horizontal components. For the GEOSCOPE network, this feature has been seen for stations with a Streckeisen STS-1 sensor, while those with a Streckeisen STS-2 sensor do not show this polarization feature. This study suggests that sensor installation should follow a protocol that will better guarantee the verticality of the sensors. Moreover, rotational recordings with ad hoc sensors are necessary, and by adequately correcting the traces, they will enable us to reconstruct the translational motion from recorded seismic signals.     

CLIMATE ENVELOPES OF MIRE COMPLEX TYPES IN FENNOSCANDIA

Peatlands are characteristic features of the Fennoscandian landscape, about one‐quarter of the land surface being classified as peatland. The aim of this work was to determine the extent to which the distribution of four main mire complex types (aapa mire, blanket bog, palsa mire, raised bog) can be modelled on the basis of climatological parameters. Additionally, the relative importance of different climatological variables in influencing the distribution of different mire complex types was scrutinized using the variation partitioning method. Variation partitioning is a novel statistical approach that provides deeper understanding of the importance of different explanatory variable groups for geographical patterns than traditional regression methods. The variation in the distribution of mire complex types was decomposed into independent and joint effects of temperature, precipitation and spatial variables. The distributional limits of aapa mires, palsa mires and raised bogs were primarily associated with thermal factors, whereas moisture regime also played an obvious role for blanket bogs. A considerable amount of variation in the distribution of mire complex types was accounted for by the joint effects of explanatory variables and may thus be causally related to two or all three groups of variables. Although the present distribution of mire complex types corresponded well to the contemporary climate in Fennoscandia, our results indicate that the climate envelopes of palsa mires are narrow. Thus, they can be expected to be extremely sensitive to changes in future climatic conditions.     

耕作方式对苜蓿(Medicago sativa)地土壤团粒的影响

以甘肃干旱区连作5年和轮作1年的苜蓿(Medicago sativa)地土壤为研究对象,对不同耕作方式下土壤团粒结构、容重、含水量指标进行研究。结果表明:在轮作和连作模式下,随着土壤深度的增加,0.25mm土壤团粒质量在干筛和湿筛处理下均降低,0.25mm团粒累积质量越大,分形维数越小。在浸水条件下,粒径为0.5~0.25mm的土壤团聚体含量最高,其它粒径团聚体含量依粒径的增大而降低。轮作土壤含水量呈现先增加后降低、最后再增加的变化过程;0~60cm土层水分含量最高(13.881%),60~80cm土层含水量下降到较低值(10.343%),80~100cm土层水分迅速恢复(13.811%)。连作和轮作土壤容重随土壤深度均呈现依次增大变化,连作最大值为1.425%比最小值高出17.6%,轮作最大值1.432%比最小值高出18.7%。     

基于改进NCC算法的东南极极记录冰川流速提取研究

南极冰川的流速在南极物质平衡研究中有着重要的作用。将SIFT算子的旋转参数引入传统的基于归一化互相关(NCC)的冰川流速提取方法,使其拥有旋转不变的特性。利用此方法,基于Landsat 8 OLI数据对东南极的极记录冰川流速进行了提取,并通过利用模拟影像和NASA发布的MEa SUREs冰川流速结果对该方法的精度进行了验证。结果表明,改进的NCC算法能够在冰川流速方向改变区域提取更多的流速信息,极记录冰川流速最大可达870m·a~(-1),提取结果与MEa SUREs结果相比,平均偏差为23.9 m·a~(-1)。     

陕西秦岭西段土地类型结构与综合自然区划

本文在陕西秦岭西段土地类型划分的基础上分析了土地类型的结构特征,进而作出了本区综合自然地理区划.     

STANDARD ERRORS IN THE EIGENVALUES OF A CROSS-PRODUCT MATRIX:THEORY AND APPLICATIONS

New expressions are derived for the standard errors in the eigenvalues of a cross-product matrix by themethod of error propagation.Cross-product matrices frequently arise in multivariate data analysis,especially in principal component analysis (PCA).The derived standard errors account for the variabilityin the data as a result of measurement noise and are therefore essentially different from the standarderrors developed in multivariate statistics.Those standard errors were derived in order to account for thefinite number of observations on a fixed number of variables,the so-called sampling error.They can beused for making inferences about the population eigenvalues.Making inferences about the populationeigenvalues is often not the purposes of PCA in physical sciences,This is particularly true if themeasurements are performed on an analytical instrument that produces two-dimensional arrays for onechemical sample:the rows and columns of such a data matrix cannot be identified with observations onvariables at all.However,PCA can still be used as a general data reduction technique,but now the effectof measurement noise on the standard errors in the eigenvalues has to be considered.The consequencesfor significance testing of the eigenvalues as well as the usefulness for error estimates for scores andloadings of PCA,multiple linear regression (MLR) and the generalized rank annihilation method(GRAM) are discussed.The adequacy of the derived expressions is tested by Monte Carlo simulations.     

地球自转速率变化影响大气环流的事实及机制探讨

通过相关分析从统计学角度探讨了地球自转速率变化对北半球月平均500HPa大气环流的影响,同时探讨了这一影响的物理机制。     

我国乳品工业区位分析

工业区位问题是工业地理学研究的核心问题之一。近年来我国乳品工业发展迅速,布局面貌变化很大,探讨适合我国国情的乳品工业区位问题,对于合理地开发利用乳品工     

雅鲁藏布江河谷风沙地貌分类与发育问题

雅鲁藏布江河谷风沙地分类体系则４级２１个类型组成，其中风积地貌划分为谷底与谷坡风积地貌２个亚类。河谷风沙地貌面积１９２９．９４６ｋｍ＾２，可称为“雅鲁藏布江河谷沙地”。河谷区具有沙源，风动力和堆积场地等风沙地貌形成的基本条件。