基于环境一号卫星高光谱遥感数据的巢湖水体叶绿素a浓度反演

三波段模型是基于生物光学模型构建的叶绿素a浓度反演半分析模型,是目前反演内陆富营养化浑浊水体叶绿素a浓度效果较好的方法.本文通过星地同步实验,分析巢湖水体各组分光谱特征,分别基于地面实测数据与环境一号卫星高光谱遥感数据建立三波段模型反演巢湖水体叶绿素a浓度.结果表明,由于特征波段在不同数据源的位置不同,导致了两个模型波段选择及反演精度的差异.因此,只有在充分考虑遥感数据的光谱特征的条件下,分析遥感信息理论和实际图幅影像有效结合在一起的地物信息,才能进一步优化三波段模型的波段选择,实现遥感数据定量反演水体叶绿素a浓度的目标.     

几何校正对暗像元算法及离水辐亮度反演精度的影响:以太湖为例

几何校正将引起几何校正前后像元的像素值发生变化,进而导致暗像元的辐亮度在几何校正前后存在偏差.本文以太湖为研究水区,以2003年10月28日的Landsat/TM影像、2008年7月24日的CBERS影像和2009年4月25 日的HJ-1B影像作为数据基础,研究与探讨了几何校正对暗像元大气校正算法以及离水辐亮度反演精度...     

基于热红外遥感影像的河流水温反演方法比较——以长江上游流域为例

水温是影响河流生态环境的重要因素.传统水温观测手段受限于测站的地理位置,数据分布稀疏.近20年来随着热红外卫星传感器在空间分辨率上的革新,热红外遥感影像逐步被应用于反演河流水温,但目前相关研究聚焦于利用单颗卫星数据并使用单一水温反演方法而忽略与其他卫星以及处理方法做对比.本文以长江上游流域为例,分别评估了水文反演流程中...     

基于遥感和历史水位记录的鄱阳湖区淹没风险制图

提出了一种利用多时相遥感影像和历史水位观测资料,利用ArcGIS空间分析功能实现冲积平原区洪水风险制图的方法.首先利用9幅鄱阳湖区不同时相的Landsat TM/ETM+遥感影像,通过非监督分类的方法提取水体淹没范围,根据都昌水文站资料1955-2001年间水位记录,分别计算鄱阳湖洪水多发期(6,7,8月份)和全年各水位的超频率(EP),假设在相同水位条件下具有相同的淹没范围,将遥感获取的水体边界作为EP的等值线,在ArcGIS的支持下,利用等值线插值实现鄱阳湖区洪水多发期和全年的水体淹没风险制图.     

基于光谱基线校正的季节性浑浊II类水体叶绿素a浓度遥感反演

水体Chl.a浓度是水质评价的一个重要指标,受悬浮物浓度季节性变化的影响,如何削弱悬浮物的光谱干扰,是实现内陆水体Chl.a浓度遥感高精度反演的难点之一.基于2011-2013年妫水河6次实测水体高光谱数据和水体Chl.a浓度数据,评价广泛应用的三波段模型和非线性拟合能力较好的支持向量机回归(SVR)模型的反演精度,使用基线校正和一阶微分方法来削弱实测高光谱中非Chl.a光谱信息.定义两种基线:750 nm的反射率值;500与750 nm的反射率值连线,基线校正为光谱反射率减去基线值.利用2013年7月的实测数据进行验证,结果表明,SVR模型比三波段模型更适合季节性浑浊水体的Chl.a浓度反演.通过基线校正筛选后的波段反射率组合作为输入变量能够提高SVR模型的反演精度,决定系数为0.68,均方根误差为3.38μg/L;线性基线校正提高三波段Chl.a估算模型的反演能力有限.     

鄱阳湖流域大型湖库水生生态环境变化及驱动力分析——以柘林湖为例

鄱阳湖流域内湖库资源众多,柘林湖作为鄱阳湖最大的入湖湖库,是鄱阳湖流域内最大的调节湖库,对鄱阳湖入湖径流有一定的影响,在鄱阳湖的入湖流量中占重要地位.本文以鄱阳湖流域内纳入水质良好湖泊的柘林湖为例,通过对柘林湖的形成及湖泊水系生态环境演变进行探讨,分析近30年来该湖水生生态环境的变化及其关键驱动力因子.综合研究表明:柘林湖水生生物多样性有下降趋势,水质有先变差后改善的趋势,其变化的驱动力主要是流域内人口数量增加、城镇化工业化进程加快、入湖污染负荷逐年增长、滨湖区生态安全屏障受人为破坏以及资源开发不合理等.只有处理好"人湖"和谐、"三次飞跃"和"四大转变",并采取科学合理的措施进行集成研究和综合治理,才能行之有效地改善柘林湖水生生态环境,并发挥其应有的生态效应,从而保障鄱阳湖入湖"一湖清水".     

Lake flooding sensitivity to the relative timing of peak flows between upstream and downstream waterways: A case study of Poyang Lake,China

The relative timing of peak flows (RTPF) from tributaries has significant influence on flood occurrence at their confluence. This study is aimed at (1) analysing the characteristics of the RTPF of the 5 recharging rivers in the Poyang Lake catchment and the Yangtze River during the period of 1960–2012, and (2) employing a physically‐based hydrodynamic model (MIKE 21) to quantify the effects of RTPF on flood behaviour in the Poyang Lake (the largest freshwater lake in China). The results show that short RTPF, or close occurrence of peak flows, triggers flood in the Poyang Lake more easily. More than 75% of total flood events in the study period occurred with RTPF less than 60 days, and more than 55% of the events occurred with RTPF less than 30 days. The hydrodynamic simulation revealed that the date of flood peak in the lake was postponed by 4–7 days and the flood stage raised by 0.69 m because of the delay of peak flows from the upstream rivers/tributaries. On the other hand, earlier start of the Yangtze River peak flow led to flood peak in the lake 6–13 days earlier. Additionally, the duration of high lake water levels was extended by 9–12 days when the RTPF shortened, and the flood hydrograph of the Poyang Lake changed from a flat to a flashy type. These results indicate that an enlarged RTPF between the upstream rivers and the Yangtze River could be an effective way to prevent flood disasters in the Poyang Lake, a method apparently being adopted in the operation of the Three Gorges Dam. The RTPF should be considered and integrated when developing flood prevention and management plans in the Poyang Lake, as well as in other similar regions in the world.     

环境一号卫星高光谱遥感数据的内陆水质监测适宜性——以巢湖为例

环境一号星座的A星(HJ-1A)上搭载了超光谱成像仪(HSI),它是具有高光谱分辨率的全新国产遥感数据源,为水质遥感特别是内陆水质遥感提供了新的高光谱数据.但HSI影像的处理方法尚不完善,在广泛应用于水质遥感前对其进行质量研究和评价非常必要.本文针对HSI数据在巢湖水质监测应用方面的适宜性,对信噪比和数据真实性、倾斜条...     

Monitoring of the sediment dynamics along a sandy shoreline by means of airborne hyperspectral remote sensing and LIDAR: a case study in Belgium

Airborne hyperspectral data and airborne laserscan or LIDAR data were applied to analyse the sediment transport and the beach morphodynamics along the Belgian shoreline. Between 2000 and 2004, four airborne acquisitions were performed with both types of sensor. The hyperspectral data were classified into seven sand type classes following a supervised classification approach, in which feature selection served to reduce the number of bands in the hyperspectral data. The seven classes allowed us to analyse the spatial dynamics of specific sediment volumes. The technique made it possible to distinguish the sand used for berm replenishment works or for beach nourishments from the sand naturally found on the backshore and the foreshore. Subtracting sequential DTMs (digital terrain models) resulted in height difference maps indicating the erosion and accretion zones. The combination of both data types, hyperspectral data and LIDAR data, provides a powerful tool, suited to analyse the dynamics of sandy shorelines. The technique was demonstrated on three sites along the Belgian shoreline: Koksijde, located on the West Coast and characterized by wide accretional beaches, influenced by dry berm replenishment works and the construction of groins; Zeebrugge, on the Middle Coast, where a beach nourishment was executed one year before the acquisitions started and where the dams of the harbour of Zeebrugge are responsible for the formation of a large accretional beach, and Knokke‐Heist, located on the East Coast and characterized by narrow, locally reflective, beaches, heavily influenced by nourishment activities. The methodology applied allowed retrieval of the main sediment transport directions as well as the amount of sediment transported. It proved to be specifically suited to follow up the redistribution and the re‐sorting of the fill in beach nourishment areas. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

南方红壤区长期水土流失综合治理显著减少河流输沙——以鄱阳湖流域赣江上游平江为例

长时间序列水沙数据分析有助于科学评价流域尺度水土保持减流减沙效应,为科学开展区域水土保持成效评估提供实现路径.本文选取南方红壤区水土保持工程最为集中、持续时间最长的典型流域——平江流域,基于1975-2014年的逐日降水量、流量、含沙量数据,综合应用预置白M-K检验法、Theil-Sen趋势度估计法、Pettitt检验...     

基于尺度分析的断层热信息遥感图像增强方法——以江山—绍兴断裂金衢段为例

根据热红外遥感影像上断层热信息具有特征几何尺寸的特点,以断层系统热信息分析为目标,提出了一种基于尺度分析的断层热信息遥感图像增强方法.在江山—绍兴断裂金衢段的实际工作中,通过断层两侧地表高温区域尺度分析、特征尺度网格抽样和样本插值成图等步骤,有效地降低了背景干扰,客观地描述了研究区与断层相关的热信息的空间分布形态及特征.多种尺度分析结果表明,在9 km2特征尺度上,断层热信息特征规律明显：地表高温区域沿北东走向的江山—绍兴断裂带和常山—漓渚断裂带两侧分布,呈线性特征;在淳安—温州断裂带与衢州—天台断裂带交叉位置地表温度较高.研究结果经实测资料验证,基本特征与实测资料相符.