L波段致冷低噪声放大器

介绍了应用于射电天文望远镜L波段接收机系统的致冷低噪声放大器的设计。该放大器采用了Agilent公司ATF-35143假晶高电子迁移率场效应管(pHEMT)．为两级级联结构，频率范围1600～1740MHz。在物理温度小于15K(Kelvin)的环境中，放大器工作正常，两级直流偏置点都在2V7mA，增益28．7—28．9dB，噪声3．2—3．8K，输入匹配好于-22dB，输出匹配好于-16dB，无条件稳定。     

Ku波段宽带低噪声放大器的关键技术研究

低噪声放大器LNA(Low Noise Amplifier)是射电天文接收机的重要组成部分,其等效噪声温度决定了接收机的灵敏度。该文介绍了一种宽带Ku波段低噪声放大器的设计原理和方法,并给出了仿真结果。该放大器采用NEC公司的NE3210S01高电子迁移率场效应晶体管HEMT(High E-lectron Mobility field-effect Transistor)三级级联结构。在11～13GHz范围内的增益大于29.7dB,等效噪声温度小于55K,输入输出匹配好于-25dB。     

基于砷化镓晶体管的1.35～2.0GHz低噪声放大器

低噪声放大器(Low Noise Amplifier, LNA)是接收机系统的关键器件,其性能决定了接收机系统的噪声温度和对微弱射电信号的放大能力。采用Avago公司砷化镓(GaAs)工艺的pHEMT ATF-54134研制了一款可工作在1.35～2.0 GHz频率范围内的低噪声放大器。该放大器采用两级拓扑结构,单电源自偏置供电,典型增益28 dB,典型噪声温度35 K,输入回波损耗优于-10 dB,输出回波损耗优于-15 dB,输入1 dB压缩点为-13 dBm。该放大器除了可用于对中性氢、脉冲星和羟基进行观测的射电望远镜接收机以外,还可用于电波环境监测系统。     

8-20GHz 宽带单片微波集成低噪声放大器设计

基于其体积小、重量轻、一致性好等特点,单片微波集成电路的低噪声放大器在射电天文中有着重要作用。本文采用稳懋公司150 nm和100 nm赝高电子迁移率晶体管(pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor,pHEMT)工艺设计了两款低噪声放大器电路,成功流片,并进行比较。两款放大器的工作频率范围均为8-20 GHz,增益约为23~28 dB,噪声温度低于150K,输入输出回波损耗大于10 dB。     

1.2--2.2 GHz宽带低噪声放大器研制

为检测微弱的射电信号,要求望远镜接收机噪声性能良好.低噪声放大器(Low Noise Amplifier, LNA)作为接收机前端关键电路,其噪声系数和增益决定了整机的噪声性能.设计了一款1.2–2.2 GHz的低噪声放大器,电路采用两级级联结构,第2级通过引入负反馈,在改善增益平坦度和拓宽带宽的同时减小噪声,级间经过后级输入阻抗优化后仅需一个隔直电容.并引入有损输出匹配网络,实现高增益、低噪声、良好回波损耗和较为平坦的宽带LNA设计.测试结果表明,在1.2–2.2 GHz频段增益30–33 dB,噪声温度平均值为47 K,输出1 d B压缩点大于11.3 dBm.测试性能良好,可用于该频段接收机系统中.     

射电天文4—40GHz超宽带低噪声放大器设计

超宽带接收机面临众多技术挑战,而关键技术难点之一是超宽带低噪声放大器.采用以砷化镓材料为基底的70 nm栅长改性高电子迁移率晶体管和双电源偏置4级放大电路结构,设计了一款4–40 GHz超宽带低噪声单片微波集成放大器,完整覆盖C、X、Ku、K、Ka共5个波段.设计仿真结果表明,该放大器增益为(40±2.5) dB,常温下噪声温度平均95 K, 4–12.5 GHz噪声温度全频带低于83 K,直流功耗130.5 mW.整个频带内输入反射系数典型值-10 d B,输出反射系数典型值-15 d B,全频带范围内稳定,无自激振荡现象.该器件可做为前置放大器,应用于超宽带接收机和大规模多波束接收机中,可有效提高射电望远镜观测效率.     

C波段卫星信号接收机低噪声放大器的设计

介绍了一个应用于C波段卫星信号接收机的低噪声放大器(LNA)的设计过程。为达到低噪声和高增益的目标,该低噪声放大器是利用低噪声的PHEMT晶体管ATF36077(用在第一级)和噪声性能良好的微波单片放大器MGA86576(用在第二级)级联设计完成的。测试结果表明,该低噪声放大器的性能达到了预定指标:在3.8 GH至4.2 GHz工作带宽内噪声系数NF≤0.7 dB,增益≥36 dB,1 dB带宽约350 MHz。     

4～10 GHz宽带单片集成低噪声放大器设计

在单片微波集成电路领域,放大器的设计往往不能兼顾噪声、增益和带宽,通常为达到最佳噪声和增益会限制带宽,或者为增大带宽而牺牲噪声和增益。本文采用稳懋公司0.15μmpHEMT工艺,综合各种因素,设计了一款宽带低噪声放大器电路,其频率范围4～10 GHz,增益约25 dB,噪声温度低于100 K,输入输出回波损耗大于10 dB。     

基于100 nm砷化镓pHEMT工艺的C波段宽带低噪声放大器芯片

作为射电天文接收机系统的关键器件, 低噪声放大器的噪声和增益性能对接收机系统的灵敏度有重要影响. 采用100nm砷化镓赝配高电子迁移率晶体管(pseudomorphic High Electron Mobility Transistor, pHEMT)\lk工艺, 研制了一款可覆盖C波段(4--8GHz)的低噪声放大器(Low Noise Amplifier, LNA). 所设计的LNA采用3级共源级联放大拓扑结构, 栅极、漏极双电源供电. 常温下测试表明, 该LNA在4--8GHz频段内平均噪声温度为\lk60K, 在5GHz处获得最低噪声温度50K, 通带内增益($31\pm1.5$)dB, 输入输出回波损耗均优于10dB, 芯片面积为$2.1\times1.1$mm², 可以应用于C波段射电天文接收机以及卫星通信系统等.     

一种小型频标分配放大器

为了满足现有时频系统对分配放大器的要求,设计了一种小型频标分配放大器。该小型放大器带宽范围1MHz～100MHz,有1个输入,4个输出,采用一种电流反馈型、超宽带集成运算放大芯片CLC449。测试结果表明:二次谐波<-50dBc;路间隔离度为92.5dB;反向隔离度为105dB;相位噪声从100Hz开始趋于平稳,约-155dBc,满足时频系统的要求。最后提出了一些改进建议。     

差分法周跳探测与修复方法改进

在目前常用的周跳探测与修复方法基础上 ,提出了首先将观测资料按照观测历元不连续分成若干小弧段 ,然后利用差分法进行周跳探测 ,根据差分后周跳放大的特性判断周跳和野值 ,并确定其位置利用宽带组合和电离层组合的方法解算周跳大小。通过实例验证了其有效性。     

CHARGING OF DUST GRAINS IN COMETARY PLASMA ENVIRONMENTS

The equilibrium potential of fluffy dust grains in plasma environments is modeled numerically for comet P/Halley. It is found that the dust grain acquires its largest negative potential and probability of disruption at about 50, 000km from the comet where the mass spectrum measured by the spacecraft took a great change.     

1.56m望远镜新CCD相机MPP模式开与关的对比(英文)

1 .5 6m望远镜新CCD系统是在里克天文台用其控制电路组装而成的。该系统能在MPP模式与非MPP模式之间自由快速转换。我们比较了两种模式的性能差异 ,得到 :(1)增益和读出噪音不变。 (2 )在 - 10 0℃温度 ,MPP模式的暗流对短的或中等长度的露光可以忽略 ,并且暗流对CCD芯片的温度变化不太敏感 ;非MPP模式的暗流有确定的图案 ,对CCD的温度变化比MPP敏感。因此稳定的低温是必须的 ,并且使用时须减暗流。 (3)使用MPP的代价是 ,相对于非MPP模式 ,动态范围至少减小约 90 0 0adu(增益 4 .6e- /adu)。用户使用时应按照科学目的选择模式。     

Measuring the Fundamental Parameters of Hot Hydrogen－Rich White Dwarfs

This review considers the observations of hot, hydrogen-rich white dwarf stars, with particular reference to measurements of temperature, surface gravity and composition. Spectroscopic data from a variety of wavelength ranges are required for this work and, in particular, the important contributions from optical, ultraviolet and extreme ultraviolet studies are discussed. Using the values of Tefr and log g determined for an individual white dwarf, estimates of mass and radius might be derived from the theoretical mass-radius relation. The issue of the accuracy of the theoretical mass-radius calculations and the prospects for making empirical tests using observational data are outlined.     

小波分析理论在GPS技术中的应用

在GPS数据处理中 ,存在着误差影响、影响波的干扰、周跳和数据量大等问题。误差影响和影响波的干扰实质是在接收卫星信号时受到其它因素的影响 ;周跳是由于卫星信号的失锁而造成信号的不连续 ;数据量大是因为GPS观测需要采样间隔小又连续观测所致。由于小波理论具有时频分析、波形分解、特征提取和快速小波变换等特性 ,应用小波变换和波形分解可以解决误差影响和影响波的干扰的问题 ;应用特征提取可以解决周跳检测问题 ;应用快速小波变换可进行数据压缩     

Measuring the Fundamental Parameters of Hot Hydrogen- Rich White Dwarfs

This review considers the observations of hot, hydrogen-rich white dwarf stars, with particular reference to measurements of temperature, surface gravity and composition. Spectroscopic data from a variety of wavelength ranges are required for this work and, in particular, the important contributions from optical, ultraviolet and extreme ultraviolet studies are discussed. Using the values of Teff and log g determined for an individual white dwarf, estimates of mass and radius might be derived from the theoretical mass-radius relation. The issue of the accuracy of the theoretical mass-radius calculations and the prospects for making empirical tests using observational data are outlined.     

A Study on the Technique of Observing Interplanetary Scintillation with Simultaneous Dual-Frequency Measurements

Ground-based observation of Interplanetary Scintillation(IPS)is an important ap- proach of monitoring solar wind speed.We describe both the principle and method of ob- serving the solar wind speed by using the normalized cross-spectrum of simultaneous dual- frequency IPS measurement.The effects of the solar wind properties and the angular size of the scintillation source on the measurement of solar wind speed are investigated by numerical analysis.We carry out a comparison of this method with the traditional single station-single frequency method.We outline a new IPS observation system using this method now under construction at the National Astronomical Observatories,CAS(NAOC).     

疏散星团NGC6530天区的恒星自行和成员概率

利用上海天文台的照相底片资料,确定了疏散星团NGC6530天区364颗恒星的自行和成员概率,并对有关自行测定的方法、结果和精度等问题作了较为详细的介绍和讨论。使用的底片历元差为87年,全部恒星自行中误差的均方根值为1．09mas/a。     

An Annular Gap Acceleration Model for γ-ray Emission of Pulsars

If the binding energy of the pulsar's surface is not so high (the case of a neutron star), both negative and positive charges will flow out freely from the surface of the star. An annular free flow model for γ-ray emission of pulsars is suggested. It is emphasized that: (1) Two kinds of acceleration regions (annular and core) need to be taken into account. The annular acceleration region is defined by the magnetic field lines that cross the null charge surface within the light cylinder. (2) If the potential drop in the annular region of a pulsar is high enough (normally the case for young pulsars), charges in both the annular and the core regions could be accelerated and produce primary gamma-rays. Secondary pairs are generated in both regions and stream outwards to power the broadband radiations. (3) The potential drop grows more rapidly in the annular region than in the core region. The annular acceleration process is a key process for producing the observed wide emission beams. (4) The advantages of both the polar cap and outer gap models are retained in this model. The geometric properties of the γ-ray emission from the annular flow are analogous to that pre-sented in a previous work by Qiao et al., which match the observations well. (5) Since charges with different signs leave the pulsar through the annular and the core regions respectively, the current closure problem can be partially solved.