森林沼泽区从区域到矿区有效寻找隐伏矿的地球化学方法组合

黑龙江省分布大面积森林沼泽,森林沼泽区地质工作困难且找矿效果差,笔者采用金属活动态测量方法,在“迅速掌握全局,逐步缩小靶区”战略思想的指导下,依次开展了超低密度（1个样/100 km2）地球化学调查→甚低密度（1个样/16 km2）地球化学调查→低密度（1个样/km2）地球化学详细测量→高密度（18个样/km2）异常定位测量等逐步缩小靶区工作。提交的部分靶区找矿效果较好,在地表覆盖层下部及深部发现Pb Zn工业矿体。研究总结的地球化学方法组合在森林沼泽区具有较好的找矿效果,该方法组合对今后这类地区的地球化学调查工作有较好的借鉴和参考意义。     

羌塘高原典型矿区水系沉积物地球化学特征与区域化探扫面方法

羌塘高原是目前区域化探全国扫面工作最大的空白区和地质找矿工作的新区,这里的化探扫面和地质找矿工作正在推进中。水系沉积物测量是该区主要区域化探扫面方法。在羌塘高原上,风成沙广布,其粒级主要集中在–40目,比例高达90%以上,是影响区域化探找矿效果的最大因素。通过四个矿区水系沉积物地球化学特征研究发现:1)水系沉积物不同粒级中,大部分矿化指示元素含量都呈不对称的"反S"型或"U"型分布,富集在+40目粒级和–160目粒级中。以–10~+40目为采样粒级,很大程度上可以消除风成沙的干扰。2)大型矿床形成的指示元素异常沿水系迁移距离为4~8 km,异常面积25 km2;小型矿床形成的异常迁移距离1 km左右,异常面积1 km2左右。3)确定区域化探扫面最佳技术指标为:采样粒级–10~+40目;采样密度1点/4 km2(勘查目标定位到大型以上矿床时)或1点/km2(勘查目标定位到小型以上矿床时)。     

1:5万地球化学普查的选区准则

地球化学勘查根据在不同的地质—找矿阶段中的目的、面积和工作的详细程度,可大致分为如下三类:(1)区域化探(或称战略踏勘性化探):主要工作目的是发现由成矿远景区(带),大、中型矿田和矿床以及某些地层、构造、火成岩的区域地球化学特征所引起的省的、区域的和局部的地球化学异常.工作面积常常为数千平方公里或更大,常用工作比例尺为1:10万、1:20万或1:50万,采样密度(以水系沉积物测量为例)为2点/kM~2、0.25~1点/km~2或0.04~0.08点/km~2.     

深穿透地球化学方法对比研究——以内蒙古花敖包特铅锌矿为例

在内蒙古花敖包特铅锌矿区,应用深穿透地球化学找矿方法进行地球化学调查,探索深穿透地球化学找矿新方法。分别进行了金属活动态测量、地球气测量、地电化学测量、土壤全量测量。在埋深70m的隐伏金矿体上方发现了较为明显的地球气、水提取与地电化学异常,与已知矿体位置吻合的程度较高,显示了深穿透地球化学方法在隐伏矿勘查中的良好应用前景。     

江西有色冶金物化探工作的回顾

回顾了江西有色冶金物化探三十七年来的工作.认为地球化学探矿是寻找有色(贵)金属矿产的主要手段,找矿效果良好.以化探方法首次发现矿床的勘查方法是化探分散流发现异常,紧接配以相应的三级、二级异常查证和工程验证.其基本地球化学特征是元素组合复杂,主成矿元素浓度高,异常规模大,面积都在4km2以上,多数大于10km2.     

勘查地球化学在吉林省溜河地区地质找矿中的应用

地球化学勘查在金属矿产找矿中发挥着重要作用,在吉林省溜河地区应用分散流测量、次生晕测量等方法,找矿效果显著.经对有利构造部位的地球化学异常进行查证,在太古宙高级变质区内发现了大型构造蚀变岩型六批叶沟金矿.     

山东招远黄埠岭金矿构造地球化学特征及找矿远景分析

构造地球化学特征研究是指导矿山找矿的有效手段,通过对矿区构造地球化学测量数据进行的R型聚类分析和R型因子分析显示,黄埠岭金矿最佳找矿指示元素组合为Au-Ag- Bi.在总结矿床地质特征,研究矿床构造地球化学特征的基础上,提出了黄埠岭矿区东西部及凤凰山一带具有较好的找矿前景.     

1/万不规则测网土壤地球化学测量方法在安图金星金矿床中的应用及效果

通过1/万不规则测网土壤地球化学测量方法在安图县金星金矿勘查区的实施,发现了一批具有找矿意义的土壤地球化学金异常。根据元素地球化学特征和土壤地球化学特征分析,结合地质成矿条件,确定有望找矿区段,并进行了槽探工程揭露,发现了金(银)矿化体,取得了较好的找矿效果。实践证明1/万不规则测网土壤地球化学测量找矿方法在本区是行之有效的。     

内蒙古大兴安岭河源林场地区1:5万矿产地球化学普查方法试验

内蒙古大兴安岭河源林场地区属典型的森林沼泽覆盖区,应采用土壤测量开展1:5万地球化学普查工作.通过方法试验确定土壤测量采样密度为4~12点/km²,采样粒度为-4~+80目,采样层位为残积层.经工作获得较为满意的异常圈定效果,发现了找矿线索.     

桐柏地区歇马岭金异常评价方法及效果

老湾金成矿带是变质碎屑岩型金银成矿带之一,在该带发现过上上河和老湾大型金矿床.经对区域1:20万地球化学资料的重新认识,发现沿该带北侧也具有较好的金(银)异常显示,通过1:2.5万水系沉积物测量和1:1万化探详查,将其分解定位,尔后把已知矿(化)点与物化探异常结合起来,在对已知找矿信息综合研究和筛选评序的基础上,确定歇马岭为重点找矿靶区,通过小范围找矿靶区定位分析和工程验证,取得了找矿新进展.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)