浮桥结构在移动载荷作用下的振动响应

浮桥的载荷具有移动性，并有可能在同时遭受风、浪、流联合作用的恶劣环境中使用。为了使浮桥的设计做到既经济又安全，必须对浮桥的载荷和强度有一个比较精确的评估方法。推导了适合模型计算的用户单元的特性矩阵，并将该用户单元导入现有大型有限元分析程序ABAQUS，利用其功能强大的求解器，求解了静水中自由浮式均匀梁在移动载荷作用下的振动响应，为后续研究奠定了基础。     

复杂载荷作用下立管触地段损伤管道的动力响应

触地段(Touchdown zone, TDZ)是在役钢悬链线立管(Steel catenary riser, SCR)的关键部位,在复杂载荷作用下,极易形成损伤缺陷,其载荷寿命的评估是深海结构工程中的一个关键问题。本文以大型有限元软件ABAQUS为平台,运用损伤管道实体单元与土弹簧阻尼单元相互作用的模型模拟触地段损伤海底管道在复杂载荷作用下的动力响应,数值计算考虑了管-土相互作用过程中的材料非线性、几何非线性以及接触非线性。讨论了单一环向体积损伤位于触地段管道的不同位置时,触地段损伤管道在不同载荷作用下的动力特性及特征点的动力响应。结果表明,管道所受内外压力以及管道提升端的竖向位移载荷会影响结构的自振频率;体积损伤部位的动力响应较完好部位更剧烈;体积损伤的位置和动力载荷频率对管道动力放大系数的影响很大;当动力载荷的激励频率越接近结构基频时,损伤管道的动力响应及动力放大系数越大。     

椭圆余弦波作用下海床响应特征的有限体积法数值分析

椭圆余弦波是一种常见的浅水非线性波,对近岸区海床的稳定性有重要影响.本文根据有限体积法原理,基于开源流体力学计算平台OpenFOAM,利用C++语言编制了波致无粘性土海床响应的数值计算程序,联合波浪数值模拟软件,对椭圆余弦波作用下海床的瞬态响应、累积响应及其渐进液化特征进行了分析.与线性波作用下海床响应计算结果的对比分...     

潜器在冲击载荷下的运动和控制研究

潜器在水下发射火箭时会产生复杂的运动变化,对其研究很有实际意义。参照格特勒运动方程,建立潜器运动的非线性数学模型。导入实验模型的参数,对其六自由度基本运动进行了仿真,并与水池实验结果相比较,验证了仿真模型的有效性。导入发射火箭时潜器受到的完整载荷,计算分析了不同航速下潜器的运动响应和运动控制。结果表明,发射载荷对潜器运动将产生较长时间的显著影响,包括速度损失、升沉运动和纵倾角振荡。航速越小,运动变化越大,恢复所需时间越长,控制越困难。     

冰载荷作用下重力式平台的静动力分析

重力式平台由于其自身特点,在中国海域有很好的应用前景.海冰作为1种不可避免的环境灾害,对重力式平台的破坏作用是不可忽视的.在重力式平台的设计和应用中必须充分考虑海冰的影响.海冰的破坏主要有静力的挤压破坏和瞬间的冲击破坏.本文考虑浅海重力式平台的建造特点,应用大型有限元分析软件Ansys对浅海重力式平台进行建模,模型建立后分别进行海冰的静动力分析.所得结果进行比较,得到在相同海冰情况下,其对重力式平台的静力挤压破坏要大于瞬时冲击破坏,在设计中应充分考虑海冰对结构物的挤压破坏.所得到的结论对重力式平台建造和应用有一定的指导意义.     

块石和混凝土排垫保护下海底管道落锚撞击变形响应研究

以往的海底管道落锚撞击防护数值模拟主要为单一保护层模型,这里则针对块石+混凝土排垫复合方案建立模型并开展防护性能研究。基于ABAQUS建立有限元数值模型,模拟了落锚、海底管道、海床土体、块石层和混凝土排垫组成的复杂系统相互作用,研究了管道壁厚、内压,落锚质量和撞击速度等因素对管道应变极值和管体凹陷变形的影响。与单纯块石层保护方案相比,采用的块石+混凝土排垫方案具有更优良的防护效果。研究结果表明：在撞击点处,管道的轴向应变和环向应变均达到最大值,且随着与撞击点距离的增加沿管道轴向逐渐减小;撞击结束后,管道上仍然残留一定的塑性应变。随着管道壁厚的增加,管道的最大应变和凹陷深度也随之减小;随着内压的增加,管道上最大拉伸应变变大,而最大压缩应变和凹陷深度减小。随着落锚速度或者质量的增加,管道上最大应变和凹痕深度均变大;在相同动能情况下,管道上的最大应变和凹陷值基本相同,也表明落锚动能是影响管道变形响应的控制因素。本文研究成果可为海底管道防护方案设计提供科学依据。     

内孤立波作用下Spar平台的运动响应

建立了内孤立波作用下Spar平台运动响应的时域数值模型,并利用这一模型计算了内孤立波作用下Spar平台的运动响应。其中根据K-dv方程解出内孤立波的波面及水质点速度表达式,应用Morison公式求出内孤立波对Spar平台的水平作用力;由伯努力方程求解压强,通过在平台底面积分求出内孤立波对Spar平台的垂向作用力;在悬链线理论的基础上,分析锚链对平台的作用力,采用四阶Runge-Kutta方法求解运动方程。数值结果表明,当内孤立波不断接近海洋平台时,Spar平台受到的作用力随之增大,海洋平台会产生远大于表面波作用下的水平位移,从而证实了内孤立波是影响海洋平台稳定的重要因素,在海洋平台的设计和评估中内孤立波的作用是不可忽略的。     

时域内规则波作用下竖直板的水弹性响应

在线性势流理论下,采用模态叠加法,通过傅里叶变换和拉普拉斯变换推导了波浪冲击作用下弹性板振动的时域耦合方程,并利用二阶隐式荣格库塔法求解。在对比得知与其他方法结果完全吻合基础上,分析了竖直板初始弯曲释放后,板的边界条件和刚度系数对板振幅以及辐射波高的作用,最后对入射波长对板的振动及辐射波高影响进行了研究。结果表明板的刚度和边界条件对水弹性响应有很大的影响。     

铜藻在紫外胁迫下的抗氧化应激响应

紫外辐射增强常导致藻类体内活性氧成分的产生,从而损伤藻类光合器官,引起藻类光抑制。马尾藻（Sargassum）金潮近些年在世界多地频繁暴发,金潮暴发时,漂浮于海面的藻体接受更多的紫外辐射,但金潮藻应对这种紫外胁迫的生理学机制尚不明确。本研究以中国金潮种——铜藻（Sargassum horneri）为研究对象,在实验室条件下,以太阳模拟器提供光源,设置P（光合有效辐射,Photosynthetically active radiation, PAR, 400～700 nm, 200 W/m²）、PA (PAR+UVA （紫外线A, Ultraviolet A）, 320～700 nm)和PAB (PAR+UVA+UVB （紫外线B, Ultraviolet B）, 280～700 nm),探讨了紫外辐射下铜藻的光合活性变化和抗氧化应激响应。结果显示,3种光辐射处理下,藻体光合活性均受到抑制,最大光化学量子产量（F_v/F_m）都随辐射时间延长而逐渐降低,降低幅度为PAB>PA>P。后继的240 min低光P（PAR...     

Dynamic Buckling of Laminated Composite Bars Subjected to Axial Impact

The impact buckling of a laminated composite bar is investigated in case of one of its endsmoving due to axial impact compression.The governing equations considering the first-order sheardeformation effect are derived by the Hamilton principle and solved by the finite difference method.Thecritical axial shortness is determined by the B-R cirterion.The given example is used to highlight the in-fluences of initial imperfection,impact velocity,stress wave and coupled stiffness.It is found that theunsymmetrically laminated bar has a quite different dynamic buckling behaviour from that of thesymmetrically laminated bar.     

波浪对潮流能水轮机性能测试影响的实验研究

随着潮流能开发利用技术日趋成熟,对其测试工作也提出了更高的要求。然而,在潮流能装置性能测试中,波流相互作用的影响往往被忽略,导致测试结果不准确。为了研究波流相互作用对测试的影响方式与程度,采用物理模型试验的方法,对垂直轴潮流能发电装置模型进行了试验研究。通过分析波流作用下装置的扭矩、转速及发电功率,发现波流与发电装置耦合作用明显,相比不存在波浪影响的情况下,叶轮的转动、主轴的扭矩都变得不规则,启动流速变小,同时,扭矩、转速及发电功率的瞬时值显著增大。测试结果表明,波流相互作用对装置性能测试影响显著,平均影响程度约10%,研究结果为今后潮流能发电装置性能测试标准的制定和完善提供了参考和依据。     

不锈钢表面纳米SnO2/TiO2复合薄膜制备及防腐蚀性能

采用溶胶凝胶法在不锈钢基体(304ss)上制备叠层式纳米SnO2/TiO2复合薄膜。使用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征纳米复合薄膜材料的晶体结构和微观形貌,通过交流阻抗技术(EIS)和极化曲线(Polarization Curves)电化学方法研究不锈钢表面纳米复合薄膜在模拟海水体系中的腐蚀行为。结果表明:制备叠层式纳米复合薄膜TiO2为锐钛矿型,SnO2为金红石型;不锈钢表面构筑叠层式纳米SnO2/TiO2复合薄膜颗粒粒径小,分布均匀且表面致密。电化学测试表明,叠层式纳米SnO2/TiO2复合薄膜阻抗值高于TiO2薄膜,且对不锈钢基体阳极反应有明显钝化过程,具有良好防腐蚀性能;同时叠层式纳米SnO2/TiO2复合薄膜存在最优叠加SnO2层数,叠加3层SnO2的纳米SnO2/TiO2复合薄膜电极防腐蚀性能最佳。     

Numerical Investigation of Flow Motion and Performance of A Horizontal Axis Tidal Turbine Subjected to A Steady Current

Horizontal axis tidal turbines have attracted more and more attentions nowadays, because of their convenience and low expense in construction and high efficiency in extracting tidal energy. The present study numerically investigates the flow motion and performance of a horizontal axis tidal turbine with a supporting vertical cylinder under steady current. In the numerical model, the continuous equation and incompressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are solved, and the volume of fluid method is employed to track free surface motion. The RNG k-ε model is adopted to calculate turbulence transport while the fractional area/volume obstacle representation method is used to describe turbine characteristics and movement. The effects of installation elevation of tidal turbine and inlet velocity on the water elevation, and current velocity, rotating speed and resultant force on turbine are discussed. Based on the comparison of the numerical results, a better understanding of flow structure around horizontal axis tidal turbine and turbine performance is achieved.     

大型密封包装箱复合结构设计与优化分析

水中兵器包装箱的设计正向轻量化、简洁化、多功能和通用化方向发展。基于ANSYS软件进.行了多种工况的基于玻璃钢材料的薄壁结构与钢骨架复合结构形式的包装箱结构优化设计计算,并结合两大峰三小峰的硅橡胶密封圈实现了大端面密封,满足了大型复合结构包装箱的功能和性能要求,可以作为玻璃钢加钢骨架复合结构设计的一般参考方法。     

钢结构复合防爆墙结构设计与抗爆性分析

开展工程结构及装备的抗爆性能实验研究,设计、建造多功能的爆炸实验装置,必然涉及防爆墙建筑设施等建设内容。根据一维弹性应力波理论,对钢结构复合防爆墙结构设计的主要问题及抗爆性能进行分析,采用有限元分析方法,验证该型防爆墙结构设计的合理性和有效性。     

Dynamic Response Analysis of Risers Subjected to Combined Wave and Current Loading

A dynamic response analysis in the frequency domain is presented for risers subjected to combined wave and current loading. Considering the effects of current, a modified wave spectrum is adopted to compute the linearized drag force. An additional drag force convolution term is added to the linearized drag force spectrum, therefore the error is reduced which arises from the truncation of higher order terms in the drag force auto-correlation function. An expression of linearized drag force spectrum is given taking the relative velocity into account. It is found that the additional term is a fold convolution integral. In this paper dynamic responses of risers are investigated, while the influence of floater motion on risers is considered. The results demonstrate that the accuracy of the present method reaches the degree required in time domain analysis.     

Soil-Structure Interaction Analysis of Jack-up Platforms Subjected to Monochrome and Irregular Waves

As jack-up platforms have recently been used in deeper and harsher waters, there has been an increasing demand to understand their behaviour more accurately to develop more sophisticated analysis techniques. One of the areas of significant development has been the modelling of spudcan performance, where the load-displacement behaviour of the foundation is required to be included in any numerical model of the structure. In this study, beam on nonlinear winkler foundation (BNWF) modeling—which is based on using nonlinear springs and dampers instead of a continuum soil media—is employed for this purpose. A regular monochrome design wave and an irregular wave representing a design sea state are applied to the platform as lateral loading. By using the BNWF model and assuming a granular soil under spudcans, properties such as soil nonlinear behaviour near the structure, contact phenomena at the interface of soil and spudcan (such as uplifting and rocking), and geometrical nonlinear behaviour of the structure are studied. Results of this study show that inelastic behaviour of the soil causes an increase in the lateral displacement at the hull elevation and permanent unequal settlement in soil below the spudcans, which are increased by decreasing the friction angle of the sandy soil. In fact, spudcans and the underlying soil cause a relative fixity at the platform support, which changes the dynamic response of the structure compared with the case where the structure is assumed to have a fixed support or pinned support. For simulating this behaviour without explicit modelling of soil-structure interaction (SSI), moment-rotation curves at the end of platform legs, which are dependent on foundation dimensions and soil characteristics, are obtained. These curves can be used in a simplified model of the platform for considering the relative fixity at the soil-foundation interface.     

Soil-Structure Interaction Analysis of Jack-up Platforms Subjected to Monochrome and Irregular Waves

As jack-up platforms have recently been used in deeper and harsher waters,there has been an increasing demand to understand their behaviour more accurately to develop more sophisticated analysis techniques.One of the areas of significant development has been the modelling of spudcan performance,where the load-displacement behaviour of the foundation is required to be included in any numerical model of the structure.In this study,beam on nonlinear winkler foundation(BNWF) modeling—which is based on using nonlinear springs and dampers instead of a continuum soil media—is employed for this purpose.A regular monochrome design wave and an irregular wave representing a design sea state are applied to the platform as lateral loading.By using the BNWF model and assuming a granular soil under spudcans,properties such as soil nonlinear behaviour near the structure,contact phenomena at the interface of soil and spudcan(such as uplifting and rocking),and geometrical nonlinear behaviour of the structure are studied.Results of this study show that inelastic behaviour of the soil causes an increase in the lateral displacement at the hull elevation and permanent unequal settlement in soil below the spudcans,which are increased by decreasing the friction angle of the sandy soil.In fact,spudcans and the underlying soil cause a relative fixity at the platform support,which changes the dynamic response of the structure compared with the case where the structure is assumed to have a fixed support or pinned support.For simulating this behaviour without explicit modelling of soil-structure interaction(SSI),momentrotation curves at the end of platform legs,which are dependent on foundation dimensions and soil characteristics,are obtained.These curves can be used in a simplified model of the platform for considering the relative fixity at the soilfoundation interface.     

Prediction of Settlements of Soft Clay Subjected to Long-Term Dynamic Load

—Presented is the numerical analysis of settlements of soft soil by a 2-D dynamic effective stressFEM method.The model based on the results of cyclic triaxial tests on the reconstituted soft Ariake clay isused to predict the wave induced excess pore water pressure and residual strain of soft clay.The settle-ments of two types of breakwaters on the soft clay under ocean wave load,a low embankment subjected totraffic load and the tunnel surrounded by soft clay in Shanghai subjected to locomotive load are calculatedas examples.