地面高精度磁测在区域地质填图中的应用

高精度磁测是地质调查和找矿时的一种综合物探方法,可在地质填图中得到应用。青海玛沁地区大面积为第四系覆盖区,调查区岩石具有一定的磁性差异。通过大量岩性标本磁性测定统计,将磁场划分为正磁异常区、正负伴生磁异常区、负磁异常区,来反映不同地层分布情况。结果表明:地面高精度磁测在浅覆盖区辅助并指导地质填图取得了较好的效果。     

磁测方法在隐伏区地质填图中的应用

磁异常区对应不同磁化率的地质体,磁异常梯度带对应岩性界线和断裂构造。根据地表出露岩性,以点带面借助磁测资料的数据处理结果,划分覆盖区下不同的地质岩性,指出重要的构造边界,达到辅助地质填图的目的,为圈定找矿靶区和断裂构造研究提供重要依据。     

利用航磁数据识别浅覆盖区地质体的方法研究

在浅覆盖区,常规填图方法填制的地质图,由于信息量少导致整体质量不高.利用勘查技术方法来提高覆盖区地质填图的效率、质量和地质研究水平,具有重要的现实意义.航磁方法是其中的一种重要方法,但航磁测量获取的数据是磁异常迭加的综合反应,而区域地质填图仅描述地表附近的地质情况,直接利用航磁数据辅助地质填图是不合理的.因此,基于插值切割、数理统计和灰色关联度分析等方法,提出了一种剔除深部影响,利用浅层岩石磁性分布规律和磁性差异来识别浅覆盖区地质体的新思路.经选用黑龙江省塔河地区数据进行验证,识别效果明显.     

天山东部及北山区域磁场特征与深部地质构造之初步分析

本文利用东经89度30分到99度,北纬40度40分到42度40分之间的(约17万平方公里)不同年代、不同比例尺测量的航磁资料,主要从宏观全区磁场特征出发,对天山东部及北山地区区域磁场特征及其深部地质构造等问题进行了初步讨论.文中根据磁异常分布特点,将天山东部及北山磁场划分为六个磁场区、带(见图1):Ⅰ、康古尔塔格—烟墩升高正磁场区;Ⅱ、谢克布拉克—苦水负磁场区;Ⅲ、帕尔岗塔格正负交替复杂变化磁场区;Ⅳ、磁海—公婆泉平静磁场区;Ⅴ、白罗士金—音凹峡复杂磁场区;Ⅵ、阿齐山—狼娃山正异常带.由图1可见,这些磁场区、带与之对应的反映了天山东部及北山地区区域大地构造的轮廓和基本格架.     

构造变形在变质岩专题填图中的作用及其意义——以辽南辽河群试点填图区为例

论述了构造解析在变质岩专题填图过程中的作用及其意义。主要围绕以下5个方面:(1)构造解析在高级变质岩区地质调查中对重大地质边界的识别作用;(2)通过构造解析区别变质岩区不同岩石和/或构造单元因构造发生的堆叠作用;(3)通过构造解析识别并区分不同岩石单元的构造类型、期次和组合样式;(4)变质岩填图区剖面测制及地层原始厚度恢复需要在构造解析工作基础上进行;(5)变质岩区地质填图工作实际上是构造解析和变质岩石学的有机结合过程。总之,构造解析对变质岩填图区内地质情况的客观表述具有重要的意义。     

人工神经网络在识别浅覆盖区地质体中的应用

利用水系沉积物资料识别浅覆盖区地质体,对于提高区域地质填图质量具有重要意义。神经网络为解决此问题提供了新的途径。依据浅覆盖区基岩和其对应的水系沉积物在化学成分上的继承关系,以内蒙古四子王旗浅覆盖区为例,阐述了运用BP神经网络模式识别地质体的原理和方法,并识别出了化学成分相近的浅覆盖层下地质体。该方法可广泛应用于浅覆盖区地质填图。     

广西区域岩石物性特征及其地质意义

广西区域岩石物性调查,给出了区域岩石的密度、磁性、电性特征及其时空分布规律,划分了密度界面,明确了磁性基底的客观存在,构思了岩石层序地球物理模型,提出了不同时代花岗岩的磁性变化特征,建立了隐伏在岗岩的重力低预测模式.在区域构造填图、隐伏花岗岩填图、小盆地油气田构造研究、固定矿产成矿带预测以及某些基础地质研究等方面,具有重要意义.     

利用重磁资料研究南岭于都-赣县矿集区 花岗岩与

于都-赣县矿集区是南岭东段一个具有良好找矿前景的钨、金银铜铅锌矿集区,花岗岩与成矿关系密切,而断裂构造往往是控岩、控矿构造。因此系统探查该区花岗岩和断裂构造分布是进一步找矿的关键问题之一。本文通过对该区重磁场特征与已出露花岗岩和断裂分布特征对应关系的研究,系统推断了该区花岗岩和断裂构造分布。研究表明:利用重力资料研究花岗岩分布具有较好的效果和较高的效率,而利用磁力资料只能推断出有磁性的花岗岩,推断出的隐伏花岗岩体规模大约是已出露花岗岩体规模的2倍;利用重磁资料推断了9条一级断裂和49条二级断裂;通过花岗岩体分布与断裂分布规律的研究表明该区断裂构造对花岗岩的发展起着主要的控制作用。上述成果为矿集区深部控矿岩体和控矿构造的进一步研究提供了地球物理依据。     

利用重磁资料研究南岭于都-赣县矿集区花岗岩与断裂分布特征

于都-赣县矿集区是南岭东段一个具有良好找矿前景的钨、金银铜铅锌矿集区,花岗岩与成矿关系密切,而断裂构造往往是控岩、控矿构造。因此系统探查该区花岗岩和断裂构造分布是进一步找矿的关键问题之一。本文通过对该区重磁场特征与已出露花岗岩和断裂分布特征对应关系的研究,系统推断了该区花岗岩和断裂构造分布。研究表明:利用重力资料研究花岗岩分布具有较好的效果和较高的效率,而利用磁力资料只能推断出有磁性的花岗岩,推断出的隐伏花岗岩体规模大约是已出露花岗岩体规模的2倍;利用重磁资料推断了9条一级断裂和49条二级断裂;通过花岗岩体分布与断裂分布规律的研究表明该区断裂构造对花岗岩的发展起着主要的控制作用。上述成果为矿集区深部控矿岩体和控矿构造的进一步研究提供了地球物理依据。     

利用航空物探资料圈定隐伏岩(磁性)体——以巴彦淖尔—包头地区为例

根据新完成的内蒙古巴彦淖尔-包头1∶5万航磁、航放资料,对比已知中基性侵入岩和出露的白云鄂博群磁性层的航磁异常特征,以及出露的二叠纪花岗岩航放特征,结合地质、物性和化探等资料,在中新生代覆盖区共圈定隐伏岩体或隐伏磁性体53片。其中利用航磁资料推断隐伏岩体45片,推断隐伏磁性层位6片,推断隐伏火山岩区1片;利用航放资料推断隐伏岩体1片。丰富了区域地质信息,为在覆盖区寻找隐伏矿、盲矿提供参考。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861