乌丘屿不宜堆放核废料

引言台湾是我国能源紧缺的岛屿省份,继水力、石化能源之后,核能利用已成为电力供应的主要部分和长远依靠的能源。台湾７０～８０年代已建成３个核电厂６座核反应堆,按年度乏燃料总卸出量为１６２吨计算,核电反应堆运行３０年或４０年,卸出总量约为４５００～６０００...     

台西盆地乌丘屿凹陷新生代构造演化特征

以区域地质、地震等资料为基础,系统研究了台西盆地乌丘屿凹陷构造特征及其形成演化。台西盆地的发育受欧亚板块、印度板块、太平洋板块和菲律宾海板块4大板块共同作用的影响。中生代晚期,台西盆地区域应力场从挤压转为松弛,地壳拉张减薄。新生代初期拉张形成裂谷,乌丘屿凹陷是在此背景下发育而成东断西超的半地堑式陆缘断陷。乌丘屿凹陷的构造发育与演化过程,可分为4个阶段,分别为中生代晚期的裂前阶段、古新世至渐新世的断陷阶段、中新世的坳陷阶段和上新世至第四纪的区域沉降阶段。     

小海岛固体废弃物产生特点与处置模式研究

为探求小海岛固体废弃物合理的处理方式,通过文献资料查阅及对我国南海海岛的实地调查,总结出国内外小海岛固废的产生特点为夏秋季节总产量高于冬春季节、日人均产量高于大陆地区、组分以有机垃圾和可燃垃圾为主,处理方式以全部岛内填埋、全部岛外处理和岛内外协同处理为主。针对小海岛的环境特点,探讨出近距离小海岛"岛内生化+岛外焚烧、回收利用"和中远距离海岛"岛内生化+岛内焚烧"的固废处置模式,以期为我国小海岛合理开发治理提供参考。     

闽江口三类疏浚物倾倒区选划

本文根据福建省闽江口三类疏浚物倾倒区及其附近海域的海底地形地貌、水文气象、环境化学和水产资源等特征,对该倾倒区选划的合理性进行了论证。     

Geotechnical sealing material for coastal disposal facility for soils and wastes contaminated by radioactive cesium

Safe disposal of wastes produced due to the process of decontamination in and around Fukushima No. 1 nuclear power plant is an urgent requirement. The purpose of this study was to develop a sealing material which can be used as an engineered barrier for a final disposal facility for the soils and wastes contaminated by radioactive cesium. The analyses conducted based on 4-m-thick sealing layer revealed that the hydraulic conductivity of the sealing material needs to be kept below 5.0?×?10^?10?m/s to avoid the seepage of contaminants below the environmentally safe limits. Sealing material was developed using marine clay–bentonite mixture and the engineering characteristics were examined. The results of laboratory experiments showed that, with the addition of bentonite, the hydraulic conductivity equal to or less than 5.0?×?10^?10?m/s was achieved when the effective consolidation stress is equal to or more than 27?kPa. From the tests for adsorption properties for cesium, it was found that the sealing material showed the significant capacity of adsorption for cesium in seawater. It was concluded that the construction of waste disposal facility on the sandy seafloor is feasible using the sealing layer proposed in this study.     

区域维护性疏浚土处置方案探讨——以广州港为例

维护性疏浚土的处置己严重制约着港口航道建设,成为急需解决的关键问题.对于区域维护性疏浚土的处置,需要综合考虑疏浚土的产生地、产生量、产生时段、性质和处置场所的距离、处置方式、处置能力、区域规划等因索,制定科学合理有序的统一规划.以广州港为例,探讨了区域维护性疏浚土处置方案,分析了广州港近五年维护性疏浚土的产生量、区域分...     

海沧开发区工业废气对厦门市区大气影响的可能性

本文利用厦门的气象资料,从厦门地区的风况、大气稳定度和逆温层的分析,讨论了海沧开发区工业废气影响厦门市区的大气环境的可能性。     

福建省无居民海岛开发利用现状及存在问题

本文在实地调查和资料收集的基础上总体分析福建省无居民海岛的开发利用现状，并与1990年的福建省海岛资源综合调查情况进行对比分析，剖析无居民海岛开发利用中存在的问题，并提出保护与利用无居民海岛的初步建议和对策．     

Identification of CO2 disposal locations in an ocean general circulation model of the North Pacific

A basinwide ocean general circulation model of the North Pacific is used to identify which location is more efficient for ocean CO2 sequestration in the North Pacific. Four injection depths at each one of fifteen locations are chosen. In terms of effectiveness index (EI) and escape factor (EF), it is clear that the effectiveness increases with increasing latitude at the end of the 50 a injection period. Sitebysite differences in the EI can be over 9% for the 1 000 m injection depth in the western North Pacific at the end of 50 a of continuous injection. The difference is much larger for the 500 m injection. The difference decreases with increasing injection depth. However, the sitebysite difference is small for the injection in the eastern North Pacific. The sequestration is more efficient for the injection in the east than in the west. For the 500 m injection depth, the difference in effectiveness between the west and the east is over 10% at the end of 50 a injection period. The largest concentration of sequestered CO2 increases with increasing injection depth. For the injection in both the western and central North Pacific, the largest exchange flux always appears to be at about 42°N, 150°E, whereas for the injection in the eastern area the large flux appears to be in the equatorial region (120°W).     

长江口北槽抛泥流速和悬沙浓度时空分布观测

河口泥沙运动有其独特的规律,需要采用高分辨率的观测手段进行系统的现场观测,以此发现河口流速和泥沙分布结构,进而探讨其形成机制,应用声学多普勒流速剖面仪和声学悬浮泥沙观测系统,通过定点和走航式观测长江河口不同潮型和流态下流速和悬浮泥沙浓度时空分布发现:(1)不同潮型出现高浓度“事件”的次数和成因存在差异,中潮型出现高浓度“事件”的可能性最大;(2)抛泥泥沙浓度垂向分布至少有3种结构类型,即上小下大的“L”型、指数型和上大下小的“漂浮”型;(3)受抛泥泥沙输移的影响,断面流场形成低流速区,它们的强度随落潮流的扩散逐渐减弱;(4)不同潮型的落潮流表现出不同的输移行为,大、小潮型落潮流偏北,中潮型落潮流偏南;(5)在落潮流和颗粒重力共同作用下抛泥泥沙同时存在输移扩散和沉降过程,小潮型抛泥泥沙主要就近扩散和沉降,中潮和大潮型抛泥泥沙输移扩散范围较远。     

Scoping the effective marine environmental assessment of dredging and ocean disposal of coastal sediments in Korea

The application of scoping is reviewed to improve the efficiency and rationality of the marine environmental impact assessment system applied to the dredging of coastal sediments and the oceanic disposal of dredged material in Korea. Both the impact levels and those items requiring assessment vary in response to differing goals of the coastal activities involved and also to changes in the characteristics of different marine environments. As a consequence, different assessment fields need to be emphasized for evaluation of the impact that both dredging and dumping might have on the sites involved. The status of current assessment procedures is examined and its problems are diagnosed. Following a survey of interested parties and a review of case studies of the oceanic disposal of dredged sediment in other countries, checklists of core assessment items are proposed as part of a revamped review process, along with improvements to the assessment system.