MICP联合纤维加筋改性钙质砂力学特性研究

钙质砂是中国南海岛礁工程建设的主要建筑材料和地基土成份,其具有高孔隙、易破碎和强度低等不良工程地质特性。为改善钙质砂力学性能,提高其工程可靠性,提出利用微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积（MICP）协同纤维加筋改性钙质砂。文章通过开展无侧限抗压试验以及扫描电镜测试,对比分析不同纤维掺量下MICP固化钙质砂的力学响应特性及微观破坏机理。结果表明：（1）MICP技术能够有效固化钙质砂,并提升其力学强度;（2）纤维能够增加细菌定殖面积,提升碳酸钙沉积量,并由此提升试样延性和韧性,降低刚度;（3）应力应变曲线呈阶梯状多峰特征。在应力上升阶段,砂颗粒和碳酸钙会发生局部破碎;在峰后应力下降阶段,碳酸钙、砂颗粒、纤维的胶结作用增强了纤维的抗拔性能,限制了破坏面的发展;（4）碳酸钙、砂颗粒、纤维的耦合胶结作用是纤维加筋改善试样韧性、延性的根本原因。     

粉细砂地层条件下声频振动注浆的试验研究

粉细砂地层加固处理工作一直是工程界研究的重点课题,采用传统注浆工法很难达到预期效果。针对此种情况,近年来提出振动注浆法,然而目前的振动注浆模拟试验与实际工况有较大出入,故创新设计了试验装置,可以满足自由调控振动频率,且振动效果与实际工况接近。通过室内静压注浆试验及声频振动注浆试验,对比注浆效果,得出以下结论：压力相同条件下,相比静压注浆,振动注浆可以有效增大注浆量且加固效果更优;振动频率的适当增加可以有效加快注浆速度,增大注浆量,这对于工期紧张的工程具有一定的实际意义,但频率过高并非完全有利于注浆效果,要根据实际工国家自然科学基金面上项目“声频振动钻进系统共振机理及能量传递规律研究”（编号：41672366）;北京市优秀人才项目“声频振动钻进工艺技术研究”（编号：2013D009015000002）况选择最优注浆频率;高频振动下,振动时间的延长对注浆效果的增益较小。     

Experimental Study of Undrained Shear Strength of Silty Sand: Effect of Fines and Gradation

Two strong earthquakes occurred in the region of Chlef (north western part of Algeria) during the last century. From the geological context, there were several great masses of sandy soil ejections on to the ground surface level and severe damages to civil and hydraulic structures. These damages were due to the soil liquefaction phenomenon. The objective of this laboratory investigation is to study the effect of low plastic fines and gradation characteristics on the undrained shear strength (liquefaction resistance) response of sand-silt mixture samples. For this purpose, a series of undrained monotonic triaxial tests were carried out on reconstituted saturated silty sand samples with different fines content ranging from 0 to 50?% at two initial relative densities (D_r?=?20 and 91?%). The initial confining pressure was kept at 100?kPa. The evaluation of the data indicates that the undrained shear strength at the peak (q_peak) can be correlated to the undrained residual strength (S_us), the excess pore pressure (Δu), the fines content (F_c) and the intergranular void ratio (e_s). The test results indicate also that the undrained shear strength at the peak decreases with the increment of the coefficient of uniformity and fines content as well as with the decrement of the mean grain size in the range of 0–50?% fines content for both relative densities (D_r?=?20 and 91?%).     

Theoretical Evaluation of the Mechanical Behavior of Unsaturated Soils

An evaluation method for the mechanical behavior of unsaturated soils is studied in this paper. Although the mechanical behavior of unsaturated soils is complicated, a simple modeling is preferable in practice. This is because the soil properties are not homogeneous and ground data is limited when structures are being designed. In addition, in order to evaluate the reliability of the design, the physical meanings of the parameters applied in the prediction model should be clear. Firstly, the authors study the relationship between compaction curves and compression indexes in the unsaturated state that is used in the proposed constitutive model. Based on the constitutive model, the stress paths for constant volume shear tests are formulated under a constant void ratio condition and the stress paths for undrained shear tests are calculated under a constant water content condition. In the case of unsaturated specimens, the volume of these specimens changes with the shear deformation and the stress paths depend on the initial degree of saturation. The results of the calculation qualitatively describe the test results by considering the changes in effective confining pressure in the undrained condition and the water retention curves.     

Experimental Study on the Rheological Shear Mechanical Behavior of Bolted Joints

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - Landslides, which are predominantly caused by the rheological behavior of preexisting joints, occur frequently around the world and are among the most...     

Mechanical Behavior of Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation Cemented Sand

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - New sustainable ground improvement techniques have been recently required for applications in onshore and offshore geotechnical structures. The...     

Aspects of Mechanical Behavior and Modeling of a Tropical Unsaturated Soil

The research studies the applicability of two elastoplastic models for the collapse prediction of the lateritic soil profile from Southeastern Brazil. These tropical soils have peculiar geotechnical behavior, due to their mineralogical composition and porous structure coming from intense process of formation. Two elastoplastic models were analyzed: the Barcelona Basic Model (BBM) and another one based on BBM, however developed for tropical soils. Oedometric tests with suction control were performed at three distinct depths of the soil profile. The BBM was not suitable for the upper layer of the soil profile, because BBM considers the compressible behavior of the soil in function of the reduction of the elastoplastic compressibility index with the increase of the matric suction. The model developed for tropical soils showed better suited to the compressible behavior of the soil profile, resulting in good prediction of the collapse potential, mainly by accepting increasing values of the elastoplastic compressibility index of the soil profile with the matric suction rise.     

Experimental Study of Dry Granular Flow and Impact Behavior Against a Rigid Retaining Wall

Shallow slope failure in mountainous regions is a common and emergent hazard in terms of its damage to important traffic routes and local communities. The impact of dry granular flows consisting of rock fragments and other particles resulting from shallow slope failures on retaining structures has yet to be systematically researched and is not covered by current design codes. As a preliminary study of the impact caused by dry granular flows, a series of dry granular impact experiments were carried out for one model of a retaining wall. It was indirectly verified that the total normal force exerted on a retaining wall consists of a drag force (F _d), a gravitational and frictional force (F _gf), and a passive earth force (F _p), and that the calculation of F _d can be based on the empirical formula defined in NF EN Eurocode 1990 (Eurocode structuraux. Base de calcul des structures, AFNOR La plaine Saint Denis, 2003). It was also indirectly verified that, for flow with Froude number from 6 to 11, the drag coefficient (C _d) can be estimated using the previously proposed empirical parameters.     

Effect of Cement Type on the Mechanical Behavior of a Gravely Sand

The behavior of a cemented gravely sand was studied using triaxial compression tests. Gypsum, Portland cement and lime were used as the cementing agents in sample preparation. The samples with different cement types were compared in equal cement contents. Three cement contents of 1.5%, 3.0% and 4.5% were selected for sample preparation. Drained and undrained triaxial compression tests were conducted in a range of confining pressures from 25 kPa to 500 kPa. Failure modes, shear strength, stress–strain behavior, volume and pore pressure changes were considered. The gypsum cement induced the highest brittleness in soil among three cement types while the Portland cement was found to be the most ductile cementing agent. In lower cement contents and lower confining pressures the soil cemented with Portland cement showed the highest shear strength. However, in the same range of cement content, the soil cemented with gypsum showed highest shear strength for highest tested confining stress. For higher cement contents the shear strength of soil cemented with Portland cement is higher than that for the two other cement types for the range of confining pressures tested in the present study. The samples cemented with lime had the least peak and ultimate shear strength and the highest pore pressure generation in undrained tests. Contrary to the soil cemented with lime, the brittleness of soil cemented with gypsum and Portland cement reduces in undrained condition. Finally it was found that the effect of cement type on the shear strength of cemented soils is more profound in drained condition compared to undrained state.     

Effects of Degradation of Vegetal Fibers on the Mechanical Behavior of Reinforced Sand

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - This paper presents the results of an experimental program about the behavior and durability of soils reinforced with randomly distributed vegetal fibers...     

青藏粉质黏土冻融循环试验研究

以青藏公路沿线常遇到的青藏粉质黏土作为研究对象, 在室内分别进行了1、 2、 3、 4次冻融循环试验, 分析了冻融前后试样的温度分布特征、 水分分布特征、 冻融位移变化特征. 结果表明: 多次冻融循环的冻结过程中, 温度场分布更趋向均衡和平稳, 0 ℃等温线和低温等温线趋向深部发展; 多次冻融循环后, 试样含水量可划分4个区域, 第1区域为表层冰晶聚集高含水量区, 第2区域为低温梯度含水量均衡区域, 第3区域为冷锋面冰透镜冰层积聚高含水量区域, 第4区域为高温低含水量区域; 青藏粉质黏土首次冻结的冻胀位移量和相对冻融位移量都比较大, 冻胀量可以达到几十毫米, 冻胀率可达8.3%, 伴随冻融次数增加, 相对冻胀量和相对冻融量幅值逐渐减少.     

Experimental Investigation of Cement Treated Sand Behavior Under Triaxial Test

In this paper, an experimental investigation of cement treated sand is performed under triaxial tests in order to quantify the effects of cementation on the stress–strain behavior, stiffness and shear strength. Samples were cured up to 180 days. The results show that the stress–strain behavior of cemented sands is nonlinear with contractive–dilative stages. The stress–strain response is strongly influenced by effective confining pressure and cement content. Stiffness and strength are greatly improved by an increase in binder content. An increase of the angle of shearing resistance and cohesion intercept with increasing cement content is observed consistently. Brittle behavior is observed at low confining pressure and high cement content. After yielding, the increase in the dilatancy accelerates. Two competing related processes determine the peak strength: Bond breakages cause a strength reduction but the associated dilatancy leads to a strength increase. This finding and the experimental observation that the dilatancy at the peak state increases with increasing cement content explain why the measured peak-state strength parameters, c′ and φ_p′, are relevant to the binder content.     

Experimental Study on the Mobility of Channelized Granular Mass Flow

Granular mass flows (e.g., debris flows/avalanches) in landslide-prone areas are of great concern because they often cause catastrophic disasters as a result of their long run-out distances and large impact forces. To investigate the factors influencing granular mass flow mobility, experimental tests were conducted in a flume model. Granular materials consisting of homogeneous sand and non-homogeneous sandy soil were used for studying particle size effects. Run-out tests with variable flow masses, water contents, and sloping channel confinement parameters were conducted as well. The results indicated that granular mass flow mobility was significantly influenced by the initial water content; a critical water content corresponding to the smallest flow mobility exists for different granular materials. An increase in the total flow mass generally induced a reduction in the travel angle (an increase in flow mobility). Consistent with field observations, the travel angles for different granular materials decreased roughly in proportion to the logarithm of mass. The flume model tests illustrate that the measured travel angles increase as the proportion of fine particles increases. Interestingly, natural terrain possesses critical confinement characteristics for different granular mass flows.     

非饱和土抗剪强度随含水量变化的试验研究

在土力学中,非饱和土的抗剪强度一直是研究人员所关注的重点。土体的抗剪强度随含水量的不同变化明显。试验以云南某重塑土为研究对象,采用常规直接剪切试验为手段,对不同含水量土样的抗剪强度参数进行测定。试验结果表明,土样的抗剪强度不是单调地随含水量的增加而降低,而是呈现出有起有伏的抛物线状,对进一步认识土体强度随含水量变化规律有积极意义。     

沈阳地区砂土碎石土层抗拔桩承载力的试验研究

通过沈阳砂土地区旋挖成孔抗拔桩的现场静载试验、钢筋应力测试等试验,研究单桩抗拔承载能力、侧摩阻力的分布规律,得出以下结论：按地层年代划分土层确定侧摩阻力比按岩性名称划分更为合理;压浆前、后增强段侧阻力增强系数约在1.15～1.62之间;扩径支盘现象可以使局部摩阻力发挥较大,但也限制了其下部一定桩长范围内摩阻力的发挥.     

与孔隙水形态相关的非饱和土有效应力公式及其参数的定量

注意到土水特征曲线的迟滞环现象 ,根据对孔隙水形态不同则吸力效果不同的分析 ,提出了非饱和土新的有效应力公式 ,并对公式中的参数给出了求解方法。利用该公式可以较合理的解释土的湿陷和膨胀现象 ,在土饱和时还可退化成饱和土的有效应力公式     

非饱和含盐土壤水扩散系数试验研究

在室内用水平土柱吸渗法对不同含盐量、不同溶液浓度和不同土类的土壤水扩散系数进行了试验研究.试验结果表明:土壤水(或盐水)扩散系数与土壤的体积含水量之间具有指数函数的关系,且随着含水量的降低而减小.当同一类土在干容重和含水量相同时,土壤水扩散系数是随土中含盐量的增多而增大,以粗粒土最为明显.不同浓度的盐水在土壤中运行时,其盐水的扩散系数是随盐水浓度的增大而减小.     

含砂量对HDD钻井液性能影响的试验研究

水平定向钻进铺管钻遇地层多为土、砂层,钻井液对成孔质量影响较大,而固相含量又直接影响钻井液的综合性能。本文通过室内试验,分析了不同含砂量条件下,钻井液的塑性粘度、表观粘度、动切力、动塑比的变化规律,认为含砂量在15％以下时,对钻井液流变性能变化不大,而当钻井液中的含砂量超过20％时,钻井液会产生系统破坏,需要进一步处理方可二次使用。