河北蓟县常州沟组宇宙尘落地年龄

河北蓟县常州沟组铁质宇宙尘,形状多样,具气印、球粒、壳层和骸晶等多种结构。含钴、富硅、低镍。由磁铁矿、方铁矿、铁纹石、铁橄榄石等矿物组成,属陨石消融型。~(40)As/~(39)Ar阶段加热年龄谱呈单调上升型式,给出1670Ma形成年龄和170Ma热扰动时代。     

蓟县常州沟组顶底界年龄的讨论

长城系底界一条十分重要的地质界限,研究其时代具有非常重要的理论意义和实际意义。自高振(?)1934年开始研究,到1939李四光称为标准剖面以来,国内外许多地质学家对其作了大量研究工作。目前该剖面已被确定为“中国北方中、上元古界地层的层型剖面”,因此对该剖面进行同位素地质年代学研究,对确定我国北方长城系底界时代有着举足轻重的意     

天津蓟县长城系串岭沟组混层粘土矿物

为了解天津蓟县长城系串岭沟组地层中混层粘土矿物的组成和结构特征, 利用X射线粉晶衍射(XRD) 和高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM) 对其进行了深入研究.通过对比该区粘土矿物的自然干燥片、Ca离子饱和片、Ca饱和的乙二醇膨胀片、加热到375℃和550℃的乙二醇膨胀片获取的XRD衍射峰, 确定该区混层粘土矿物为伊利石/蒙脱石(I/S) 不规则混层矿物和绿泥石/蒙脱石(Chl/S) 不规则混层矿物.从高分辨透射电镜观察到I/S规则及不规则混层的晶格条纹像以及Chl/S不规则混层的晶格条纹像, 揭示了该区I/S混层和Chl/S混层的层间堆跺结构特征.该研究为蓟县中元古界典型剖面提供了重要的混层粘土矿物的结构信息.      

华北蓟县元古界长城系串岭沟组岩石的古地磁再研究

华北蓟县剖面串岭构组5个点37个样品的热退磁再研究成果,获得极位为239.1°E和22.2°N,k=82,A₉₅=8.5°,落在已建立的蓟县元古界的视极移轨迹的常州组极和团山子组极之间连线附近,合理而可信.结果还表明测试的(次)火山岩与沉积岩是准同生的,可用作钻石U-Pb法测年对象.     

山西黎城中元古界长城系常州沟组岩石学特征和沉积环境

根据野外露头剖面观察与实测、镜下薄片观察、粒度分析、X-衍射分析等资料,对山西黎城中元古界长城系常州沟组岩石学特征与沉积环境进行了系统的分析.研究认为:①黎城常州沟组以石英砂岩和长石石英砂岩为主,夹少量泥页岩或砂质泥岩,其成分成熟度与结构成熟度均较高,为碎屑岩潮坪沉积.②常州沟组按岩性及其组合特征可分为3段:常一段岩性...     

前寒武纪与微生物席相关的粉砂岩岩墙——以天津蓟县古元古界串岭沟组为例

在天津蓟县剖面古元古界串岭沟组下部的环潮坪相粉砂质泥页岩细粒沉积中,发育许多粉砂岩岩墙。由于该粉砂岩岩墙在层面上和层内具有特别的形态,因而对其成因具有多种解释:在层面上呈纺锤状粉砂岩裂缝以及在层内呈砂质充填管形态,从而被认为是最古老的后生动物遗迹化石;在层内呈弯弯曲曲的粉砂岩岩墙以及明显的流体化作用特点,所以又被解释为地震振荡作用形成的液化砂岩脉。显微镜下,这种岩墙具有明显的富残余有机质构成的边界,以及由粉砂颗粒相对聚集所显示出的明显的流体化作用特征;再加上与这种粉砂岩岩墙共生的沉积构造主要是皱饰构造,局部还发育变余波痕,由此表明沉积面上曾经发育过微生物席。因此,这种粉砂岩岩墙应该解释为沉积面在曾经被微生物席封闭的情况下,相对富含有机质的细粒沉积物在早期成岩作用过程中所发生的脱气作用和脱水作用的产物,最终可以归为由微生物形成的沉积构造的一种类型。     

蓟县常州沟组沉积特征及其地质意义

蓟县地区长城系常州沟组沉积特征如下:底部河流相砂岩斜层理倾向玫瑰花图指示常州沟早期为近NE古流向,结合常州沟组底部的重矿物分析,反映早期河流相沉积的物源区为沉积区西南部五台古陆和密云—怀柔隆起区;常州沟组碎屑沉积物源主要来自克拉通源区,但再旋回造山隆升蚀源区也提供极少量物源。结合中元古时期区域内张性构造背景下侵入岩体资料证据,燕辽裂陷槽成因属克拉通内部裂解,即属陆内克拉通盆地,而不是裂谷型大陆边缘盆地。但研究区可能处于克拉通与大陆边缘造山带的毗邻地带,因而接受了极少量远距离搬运的再旋回造山隆升蚀源区碎屑。以常州沟组为视角,借助已有成果资料,简要探讨了燕辽裂陷槽演化史,燕辽裂陷槽的演化发展经历了大陆裂谷—坳拉槽阶段,并未过渡到洋盆阶段便克拉通化,是一发育不完全的裂谷。     

天津蓟县常州沟组(约1800Ma)微古植物的发现及其意义

长城系位于中国晚前寒武纪底部,下限约为18亿年,上限约为14亿年.该系以碎屑岩为主,夹不同数量的碳酸岩和火山岩,厚度可达4 000~5 000m,在全国都有分布.自上而下,长城系包括常州沟组,串岭沟组、团山子组、大红峪组和高于庄组.在各组中均含有微古植物,以串岭沟组页岩中最为丰富.但在天津蓟县常州沟组发现较丰富的微古植物化石确是首次.膜壳轮廓多呈圆形或椭圆形,个体直径10~20μm者占优势;表面纹饰以光面的Leiominuscula粗面的Trachysphaeridum等属的分子为主体并有少量纹饰较复杂的分子;具大量藻类碎片.以上组合特征充分显示出长城系的特色.     

赞皇杂岩翁城地区长城系常州沟组砂岩碎屑锆石U-Pb-Hf同位素研究

常州沟组是华北克拉通太古宙-古元古代变质基底上最早的沉积盖层之一,其碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学与Hf同位素特征分析对探讨长城系形成时代、源区特征以及基底演化均具有重要的研究意义。本文对华北克拉通中部赞皇杂岩瓮城地区长城系常州沟组底部砂岩样品进行了LA-ICP-MS碎屑锆石 U-Pb定年和LA-MC-ICP-MS碎屑锆石Lu-Hf同位素分析。砂岩样品中碎屑锆石主要年龄峰值约为2500 Ma,推断其碎屑物质主要来自于华北克拉通新太古代晚期变质基底,而最年轻的碎屑锆石年龄为1822 Ma,结合赞皇杂岩变质基底普遍经历了1850~1800 Ma变质作用以及区域上上覆大红峪组火山岩中1635 Ma结晶锆石年龄,限定瓮城地区长城系常州沟组沉积时代为1 800~1 635 Ma。砂岩样品中碎屑锆石的εHf(t)值变化于-6.8~+5.2之间,相应的两阶段模式年龄峰值约为2820 Ma,结合赞皇杂岩已发表的2900~2700 Ma岩浆锆石和碎屑锆石Hf同位素结果,进一步表明2900~2700 Ma为赞皇杂岩地壳生长最主要的时期。综合太行山中南部地区已发表的长城系常州沟组的沉积学与新的年代学数据,推测赞皇杂岩瓮城地区长城系常州沟组沉积于陆内裂谷盆地。     

北京十三陵中元古代1.8Ga和1.6Ga的铁质宇宙球粒研究

北京十三陵中元古代常州沟组底部的粗砂岩（1.8 Ga）和大红峪组硅化碳酸盐岩（1.6 Ga）中都发现了众多铁质宇宙球粒。大多数未喷膜的二次电子像宇宙球粒是圆形的,少数呈长条状,由于在大气层中熔融作用,多数球粒表面具有金相饰纹和“排气”孔洞。使用电子探针分析对30个颗粒中44个测点的检测结果（%）:FeO 80～95,Cr2 O30.78～6.56,NiO 0.06～0.41,CoO 0.02～0.46。相对比较Cr2O3 在常州沟组中较多一些,而FeO在大红峪组中稍多一些。宇宙球粒的氦同位素分析值却截然不同;3He/4He×10-8分别为:57.50±2.16（常州沟组）和1.23±0.43（大红峪组）;4He×10-8 cm3STP/g分别为:55.54（常州沟组）和809.6（大红峪组）;然而宇宙球粒的氦同位测定值都比各自的母岩高出许多;氦同位素的异常为所发现的宇宙球粒的地外来源更加确定。     

Discovery of Cosmic Spherules from the Mesoproterozoic Strata and its Significance—in Case of the Ming Tombs Area, Beijing

This study covers cosmic spherules derived from the Mesoproterozoic Dahongyu Formation in the Ming Tombs area, Beijing. The cosmic spherules include iron oxide cosmic spherules, carbonaceous chondrites, and atomic iron “steely bead”-shaped cosmic spherules. The mineral assemblage of silicon carbide, forsterite, zircon, and glass spherules and fragments were picked from melt-silicified carbonate of the Mesoproterozoic Dahongyu Formation (ca. 1625 Ma). Cosmic spherule assemblages are solely discovered from sedimentary rocks in China. Platinum group elements (PGE) were determined for the first time in cosmic spherules and associated minerals. PGE comparative observation between meteorite and cosmic spherules is presented in this study. It is recognized that an extraterrestrial meteorite impact event might have occurred in the Dahongyu Stage. The main evidence is a large number of iron cosmic spherules in silicified oncolitic limestone, and associated cosmic silicon carbide, glass spherules, and fragments, as well as the presence of forsterite. The impact-volcanic crater is characteristic of a big black shale block dropped into the bended silicified limestone.     

Spherules from the Late Cretaceous Phosphorite of the Fatehgarh Formation, Barmer Basin, India

A first report of discovery of spherules, glassy balls, highly magnetic fine dust and microbracciated matrix in the Fatehgarh Formation of Barmer Basin, Rajasthan, India is being presented in this paper. The Fatehgarh Formation is a mixed siliciclastic, carbonate and phosphorite formation of Cretaceous age in the Barmer Basin that comprises sediments of Middle Jurassic to Lower Eocene age. The phosphorite zone in the Fatehgarh Formation is 8 metre-thick zone that comprises phosphatic sandstone, bone bed, bedded phosphorite and phosphatic and non phosphatic gastropod beds. The spherules occur in a thin phosphatic-clay mud and silt band of bone bed, which also yielded a very rich and diverse microvertebrate assemblage with a dominant Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) form of Igdabatis along with forms comprising of Semionodontid, Lapisosteum and Enchodontid. The end Cretaceous is marked for a mass extinction of numerous species including dinosaurs. An extraterrestrial impact is interpreted as the reason for this mass extinction. Whether these spherules are related to the volcanic source or K/T Boundary impact ejecta found at Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico region needs detailed chemical and age characterization for which study is in progress.     

西藏泽当地区的宇宙尘

宇宙尘也称微陨石、陨砂、微玻璃陨石,我国海南岛、雷州半岛产的玻璃陨石称为雷公墨,其中也有微玻璃陨石,或称为显微熔融石。 宇宙尘最早是1872—1876年英国“挑战”号考察船在大洋底淤泥中发现的,Murray根据这些宇宙尘球粒表面构造特征与铁质陨石相似,认为它们是宇宙物质,称它们为宇宙球(Cosmic spherules)。但当时因技术条件所限,只是推测它们为地球外物质。后     

北京十三陵中元古界长城系沉积相标志及沉积环境演化模式

北京十三陵地区中元古界长城系包括5个组：常州沟组、串岭沟组、团山子组、大红峪组、高于庄组，前2个组主要由碎屑岩组成，后3个组主要由碳酸盐岩组成。众多的沉积相标志从不同侧面说明：常州沟组沉积属于滨浅海碎屑岩沉积环境；从串岭沟组开始，其沉积环境向碳酸盐岩沉积环境过渡；后3个组沉积时的环境为典型的陆表海碳酸盐岩沉积环境。在综合研究的基础上给出了沉积环境演化模式。另外，长城系还有许多特殊的沉积现象值得进一步研究和讨论：世界上最古老的宇宙球粒；高于庄组白云岩层面上双脊波痕的内碎屑颗粒成因和硅化白云岩内青鱼骨状层理及硅质团粒的成因；特别是在大红峪组首次发现太阳星云物质－碳质球粒陨石。     

The Firstly Discovered Cosmic Spherules in Carbonaceous Siltstone from the Taizi Formation of the Mesoproterozoic Shennongjia Group, Central China

<正>Objective Spherical micro-particles are often preserved in Precambrian sedimentary rocks.Finnish and Chinese scholars have previously discovered carbonaceous,siliceous or ferruginous spherules of out-space origin in the 1.6 Ga and 1.4 Ga sequence,respectively.The presence of spherules can record possible cosmic impact events.Also,cosmic spherules provide important information on the evolution of planets from outer space.This work firstly discovered cosmic spherules in thin layer of carbonaceous siltstone from the Taizi Fm.(1.2-1.3 Ga)of the Shennongjia group in the Shennongjia area,Hubei     

Cosmic microspheres in the Carboniferous deposits of the Usolka section (Urals foredeep)

Magnetite microspheres from the Carboniferous deposits of the Usolka reference section were studied by probe microanalysis, with comparison of the distributions of chemical elements and microspheres. The presence of microspheres in sedimentary strata is considered to be an additional factor for stratigraphic correlation between sedimentary sections. The microspheres are shown to be of cosmic nature. The Late Paleozoic paleoclimatic changes (extreme cooling) and biotic crises were caused by the periodical Solar System motion in the Galaxy, cosmic-dust fallout, and meteorite bombardments of the Earth.     

北京地区长城系

北京地区长城系是位于高于庄组之下、老变质基底岩系之上的一套地层。1)区内发育两层稳定的凝灰岩———翠绿色层和棕红色层 ,可作为地层对比的标志层 ;2 )长城系底部的砂岩、页岩具穿时性 ,大红峪组存在明显的相变关系 ,不能只根据岩性进行分组。据此 ,把北京地区原长城系高于庄组之下地层重新厘定为大红峪组一段 ,包括原常州沟组、串岭沟组、团山子组和大红峪组一段 ;大红峪组二段即原大红峪组二段和大红峪组三段即原大红峪组三段 ,并与蓟县剖面进行了对比。     

Fluid-driven Hydrovolcanic Activity along Fracture Zones and near Seamounts: Evidence from Deep-sea Fe-rich Spherules,Central Indian Ocean Basin

An insight on occurrence of Fe-rich spherules from the Central Indian Ocean Basin (CIOB) provides an understanding of their distribution at a water depth of >5,000 m. In the present study, Fe-rich spherules are identified to occur in two different sediment types (i.e., siliceous and pelagic) and tectonic settings (i.e. near seamounts and fracture zones). These are single spheres or aggregates, of different sizes (63 to 390 μm) and show textural variability (smooth/quenched, brickwork, corkscrew, interlocking and dendritic). A comparative study based on physical morphology and chemical composition suggests a common mechanism of formation. The association of spherules with fracture zones (FZ) and seamounts signifies that morpho-tectonic features play an important role in fluid-driven hydrovolcanism. Based on the evidence and geologic conditions existing in the basin, we conclude that molten fuel-coolant interaction (MFCI) coupled with submarine hydrothermal exhalations could be an ideal mechanism for the formation of spherules and Fe-particles. The accretion of the spherules on the surface sediments could be a result of recent volcanic phenomena, while those occurring at different depths (280–355, and 460–475 cm-bsf) within the sediment core indicate two different episodes. The study provides a global implication in understanding fluid-driven magmatism in a deep-sea intraplate environment.     

深海沉积物中硅质小球的稀土元素丰度特征

近年来对宇宙尘的研究已成为宇宙化学和天文地质学界中的一个很活跃的领域。作者利用中子活化法测定了从深海沉积物中挑选出的硅质和玻璃质小球中的微量元素的含量。结果表明,这些硅质和玻璃质小球主要属地外来的物质。