相似文献
10.
Marcel Ovidiu Vlad 《Mathematical Geology》1988,20(7):815-819
The mean residence times of chemical elements in the ocean are usually evaluated assuming that supply and removal rates are equal. In this note, a general approach is developed which removes the above restriction. Considering a time scale larger than the homogenization time of the ocean (>103 yr), the method allows evaluation of residence time distribution functions and of the corresponding moments. 相似文献
11.
The Azores Current originating as a branch of the Gulf Stream is a highly dynamic system in the subtropical North Atlantic. The associated front forms the northeastern boundary of the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre. In this study we analyzed 42 years of assimilated modeled temperature fields to localize the position of the Azores Front at 22°W and observed a fast north- and southward propagation between 30°N and 37°N on monthly to decadal time scales. The North Atlantic Oscillation with correlated changes of the wind direction was identified as one driving mechanism. As the front is acting as a guide for Rossby waves, the signal of the front??s propagation is transferred to the western Atlantic and, among other atmospheric forcing mechanisms, induces a shifting of the Northern Wall of the Gulf Stream with one year delay. Shallower mixed layer depths in the northern frontal region of the Azores Current caused by the rise of the isotherms lead to nutrient supply and primary production different from those found in the southern frontal region of the current system. A high interannual variability is manifested in deep ocean particle flux, derived from a sediment trap in 2000 m water depth at the mooring site KIEL276 (33°N, 22°W) from 1993 to 2008, which is directly related to the phytoplankton bloom in the euphotic zone. This variability is explained by the propagation of the front and strong variations in the catchment areas of the sediment trap due to the associated eddy activity in the frontal region. 相似文献
12.
Rauf Gardashov 《Central European Journal of Geosciences》2011,3(2):169-174
The problem is studied both theoretically and experimentally. Statistical distributions of the total curvature and the reciprocal to the total curvature at the specular points (SP) of a random Gaussian uniform sea surface are discussed. The theoretical distribution and its asymptotes are completely investigated. The validity of the theoretical distribution is verified by numerical simulations and natural experiments. In the experimental study of this distribution, Sun glint images taken with a high time and spatial resolution digital camera are used. Those images are developed by using a specially-designed Fortran program which calculates the statistical characteristics of the glints. The experimentally derived distribution of the glint areas is compared with the theoretical distribution. The main causes (origins) of small divergence between the theoretical and experimental results are discussed. 相似文献
13.
南极普里兹湾北部深海沉降颗粒物通量的季节性变化 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
利用1998~2000年中国南极科学考察期间(第15和16航次)在南极普里兹湾北部海域所获得的沉积物捕获器样品的资料,对南极普里兹湾北部海域颗粒物的有机地球化学特征进行了调查,并重点开展了该海域颗粒物通量及其季节性变化特征的研究。研究结果表明,在1000m深度,颗粒物通量呈现明显的季节性变化,最高通量出现在南极夏季的1月份,最低通量出现在4~7月份;通量的变化范围为13.00~334.59mgd-1m-2。捕获器中颗粒物的主要成分为生源物质(生物硅、有机质和碳酸钙),占总通量的50.62%~92.06%,而生源组分中又以生物硅为主要成分,其值介于9.30~136.33mgd-1m-2之间,占总通量的40.74%~74.21%。有机质和碳酸钙的通量远小于生物硅,分别平均占总通量的9.06%±4.26%和4.42%±2.14%。颗粒物中各组分通量的变化趋势与总通量明显相似,均呈现明显的季节性变化,这主要归因于研究海域海冰的形成与消退。在垂向变化上,1月份1000m深度颗粒物通量高于2000m深度,这表明该海域颗粒物的转化主要发生在上层水体。 相似文献
14.
Doklady Earth Sciences - 相似文献
15.
利用MTS815 Flex Test GT岩石力学试验系统及声发射(AE)三维定位实时监测系统,对4种不同粒径北山花岗岩进行断裂韧度试验,系统研究了不同粒度北山花岗岩的断裂力学行为及声发射特征。在三点弯曲试验条件下,北山花岗岩峰值过后断面还具有较大的承载面积。粒径越大,其峰值载荷越低,且屈服载荷所占峰值荷载百分比越小,断裂韧度值越小;粒径越大其破坏过程中的总变形量越大,且加载末期承载能力越高。细粒及中细粒岩样声发射事件最早出现于拉应力较大的尖端下部,而强度相对较小的粗粒及中粗粒岩样声发射事件最早出现于受点荷载的上端部。声发射事件集中出现于裂纹稳定扩张阶段,这一阶段为岩石断裂的最主要阶段。粒径越大,声发射事件越多,且整个断面分布越广泛。 相似文献
16.
在煤层气开发过程中,煤粉聚集及沉降会堵塞煤层气运移通道及导致卡泵、埋泵等事故。为了查明不同粒度煤粉的聚集及沉降特征,选取粒度>140目(<106 μm)、>70~140目(106~<212 μm)和>50~70目(212~<300 μm)3种粒度范围的煤粉,开展了在去离子水中煤粉的聚集及沉降实验,从煤粉聚集及沉降特征观察、悬浮液中煤粉含量及煤粉粒度分布探究不同粒度煤粉在去离子水悬浮液中的聚集及沉降特征。结果表明,随着静置时间的增加,各粒度煤粉悬浮液的颜色均不同程度地变浅,逐渐出现分层,其中,粒度>140目的煤粉悬浮液最先出现分层。煤粉粒度越小,煤粉悬浮液顶部漂浮的煤粉量越多;煤粉粒度越大,其下沉到煤粉悬浮液底部的煤粉量越多。不同粒度煤粉悬浮溶液中煤粉含量均随着静置时间的增加呈现不同程度的降低,在停止搅拌后3 min内,煤粉含量下降最快,粒度为>70~140目的煤粉悬浮液中煤粉含量最大。根据不同粒度煤粉悬浮液中煤粉粒度分布曲线,将煤粉聚集及沉降过程分为3个阶段:单峰变双峰阶段(煤粉快速上浮及沉降)、双峰变单峰阶段(煤粉快速聚集及沉降)和单峰阶段(煤粉缓慢沉降)。粒度>140目的煤粉在悬浮液中最先达到缓慢沉降阶段,粒度>70~140目的煤粉在悬浮液中最后到达缓慢沉降阶段。从煤粉的受力、扩展的DLVO理论及煤粉的有机分子结构方面探讨了煤粉聚集沉降的机理:煤样含有大量的脂肪烃和芳香烃等疏水性基团,疏水性强,润湿性低;随着煤粉粒度的减小,其比表面积显著增大,煤粉表面吸附大量空气,形成气膜;同时,煤粉颗粒间相互吸附聚集,内部形成很多微孔隙,导致粒度小的煤粉易聚集漂浮在悬浮液面上。实验得到的不同粒度煤粉的上浮、下沉及悬浮情况,为后期煤层气开发中煤粉管控措施提供依据。 相似文献
17.
Sharon Kedar 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2011,343(8-9):548-557
A qualitative analysis of ocean microseism source distribution observed in North America during fall and winter months was carried out. I review the theory of the origin of ocean microseisms and show that it can be used in conjunction with wave-wave interaction maps to quantify the source distribution anisotropy. It is demonstrated that microseisms generation in the North Atlantic and in the North Pacific Oceans are inherently different. North Atlantic microseisms are generated predominantly in the deep ocean, while North Pacific microseisms are dominated by coastal reflections. In spite of these differences both result from repeated ocean wave patterns that give rise to an anisotropic noise pattern, which cannot be randomized by time averaging. Considering time-varying ambient noise imaging, which aims to resolve a fraction of a percent changes in the crust over short distances, the source anisotropy would introduce a relatively significant error that needs to be accounted for. 相似文献
18.
Yang Heejun Tawara Yasuhiro Shimada Jun Kagabu Makoto Okumura Azusa 《Hydrogeology Journal》2021,29(6):2091-2105
The hydraulic conductivity of an unconfined carbonate aquifer at the uplifted atoll of Minami-Daito, Japan, was evaluated by a combination of cross-spectral analysis, analytical solution, and density-dependent groundwater modeling based on observed groundwater levels in 15 wells and at sea level. The island area was divided into 10 subregions based on island morphology and on inland propagation of ocean tides. The hydraulic conductivity was obtained for each subregion using analytical solutions based on phase lags of M2 constituents of ocean tides at each well by assuming two aquifer thicknesses (300 and 1,800 m) and two effective porosities (0.1 and 0.3). The density-dependent groundwater model evaluated the hydraulic conductivity of the subregions by reproducing observed groundwater levels. The hydraulic conductivity in the subregions was estimated as 3.46?×?10?3 to 6.35?×?10?2 m/s for aquifer thickness of 300 m and effective porosity of 0.1, and as 1.73?×?10?3 to 3.17?×?10?2 m/s for aquifer thickness of 1,800 m and the effective porosity of 0.3. It was higher in southern and northern areas, and higher in interior lowland than in the western and eastern areas. Fissures and dolomite distributions on the island control differences of the omnidirectional ocean tidal propagation and cause these differences in hydraulic conductivity. The method used for this study may also be applicable to other small islands that have few or no data for hydraulic conductivity. 相似文献19.
Variation in particle size distribution over a small dune 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
O. BARNDORFF-NIELSEN K. DALSGAARD† C. HALGREEN§ H. KUHLMAN† J.T. MØLLER† G. SCHOU¶ 《Sedimentology》1982,29(1):53-65
The variation in particle size distribution for a sequence of sand samples, collected from the surface of a small barchanoid dune along a sampling line parallel to the windflow, is studied by means of the hyperbolic distribution. The modal (or typical) value of the log size increases linearly with distance from the windward foot to the crest of the dune, and falls off steeply on the lee side. The spread of the log-size distribution, locally near the modal value, is roughly constant on the windward side but decreases significantly down the slip face. Two other parameters of the four-parameter hyperbolic distribution can be considered largely constant. A comparison of the log size distributions for heavy and light mineral grains, based on a selected set of the samples, showed that heavy and light minerals follow different hyperbolic patterns. However, the difference in modal size of the distributions for the two types of minerals was virtually constant among the samples. 相似文献
20.
G. N. Baturin 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2001,36(2):99-108
Uranium and thorium content, as well as their distribution patterns are studied in biogenic phosphates from the Atlantic and Indian oceans. The material studied is represented by differently lithified fish remains (bones, scales, teeth) and marine mammal bones (ribs, vertebras, earbones) collected from both reduced shelf sediments and oxidized pelagic ones. The U content in the material varies from 0.7 to 700 ppm, and the Th content ranges from less than 0.5 to 14 ppm. The U/Th ratio varies from 0.16 to 400. Contents of both elements increase with the lithification of biogenic phosphates. The U concentration is more intense on shelves, whereas the thorium concentration increases in pelagic areas. A partial positive correlation of U and Th with Fe but a negative correlation of U with organic carbon are noted. The latter corresponds to increasing lithification of biogenic phosphates. Calcium phosphate, which is transformed from hydroxyapatite to fluorcarbonate-apatite serves as the main carrier of U, while transformed organic matter is a minor agent. Thorium is mainly bound with Fe. 相似文献
|