近60年商洛市气温变化特征分析

利用商洛市7个国家气象站1961—2020年近60 a的日平均气温、月平均气温、月最高气温、月最低气温等资料,选取10种极端气温指数,采用线性趋势分析、Mann-Kendall非参数检验、累积距平法,对商洛平均气温、最高气温、最低气温的年际、年代际、季节变化特征,异常性及极端性进行了分析。结果表明：近60 a来商洛年平均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温的年际变化呈上升趋势,其中平均最高气温的线性倾向率最大;除平均最低气温冬季线性倾向率呈下降趋势外,平均最低气温的春季、夏季、秋季和年平均气温、平均最高气温四季变化均呈上升趋势,年平均气温、平均最高气温春季线性倾向率最大,平均最低气温夏季线性倾向率最大;季节气温的年代际变化特点为20世纪60—90年代为相对偏冷期,21世纪为相对偏暖期;通过M-K突变检验和累积距平法得出商洛年平均气温发生了由低温到高温的突变,突变时间在1987—1988年;分析平均气温异常性得出偏暖年份多出现在21世纪之后,偏冷年份多出现在20世纪90年代以前,尤其集中在60年代中期左右,秋季偏暖年份最多,春季偏冷年份最多;近60 a极端最高气温有显著的年际变化,暖夜日数呈增多趋势,冷夜日数呈减少趋势,暖昼日数较冷昼日数增多明显,昼指数变化较夜指数变化明显,热指数呈上升趋势,冷指数呈下降趋势,进一步说明商洛呈增温趋势。     

宜君县1968—2017年气温变化趋势分析

采用宜君气象站1968—2017年地面观测资料,分析宜君县近50 a年平均气温、季平均气温、月平均气温及年极端最高气温、极端最低气温的气候变化特征。结果表明:宜君县近50 a年平均气温总体呈上升趋势,其线性变化趋势率为0.362℃/10 a,20世纪90年代末(1997年)之前为偏冷期,之后为偏暖期;冬季和春季气温变化显著,夏、秋季变化不明显;年平均最高气温和平均最低气温变化趋势与年平均气温变化趋势一致。     

广西省23°N纬度带气温变化特征分析

文章选取广西23°N纬度带上22个气象站1960—2013年的气象资料,采用线性倾向法和Mann-Kendall突变分析方法分析了近54a来该区域的气温变化特征。结果表明:近54a来,该区域平均气温、平均最高和最低气温均呈明显的上升趋势,尤以平均最低气温上升最为显著。气温的变化存在明显的地区差异,在107.5°E、110.4°E附近存在两个强增温区。平均气温、平均最高和最低气温在20世纪90年代均经历了一次由冷到暖的明显突变,平均气温在秋、冬季突变显著。平均最低气温在春、秋季突变显著。     

且末县1971— 2008年气温变化与 异常特征分析

利用线性倾向率、滑动平均、异常分析等方法,对且末县1971-2008年气温变 化进行分析,着重分析气温年际变化、年代际变化等基本气候特征。结果表明,且末县年平均气温呈上升趋势,特别是20世纪90年代后期上升尤为明显,春、夏季增温对年平均气温 的贡献最大;最高气温呈明显上升趋势,阶段性冷暖变化交替出现;最低气温在2005年前 呈缓慢上升趋势,2005年后呈下降趋势,异常偏暖和异常偏冷年均未出现。     

近50年西双版纳最高最低气温对气候变化的响应

利用1961-2010年景洪逐月平均最高气温、平均最低气温、14:00平均气温、02:00平均气温,采用气候倾向率、累积距平、信噪比等气候统计方法,研究了近50年西双版纳平均最高气温、平均最低气温的变化趋势、气候突变和异常年份等.结果表明:除春季平均最高气温、14:00平均气温略呈下降趋势外,年、季各平均最高气温、平均最低气温、14:00平均气温、02:00平均气温等各项气温指标均呈显著的升高趋势,升幅为0.208～0.544℃/10a,以冬季升幅最大;平均最高气温、平均最低气温在1978年均发生了突变,以突变点划分,前为冷期,后为暖期,突变前以平均最低气温偏低最明显,突变后以平均最低气温偏高最明显,表明20世纪70年代末以来,平均最低气温对气候变暖的响应更强;平均最高气温、平均最低气温异常偏低年主要发生在20世纪60-70年代,异常偏高年主要发生在20世纪80年代后,以2000年以来尤为明显,这与21世纪中国大部分地区气温依然在变暖是一致的.     

水城近50a气温变化特征分析

利用水城站1957-2006年的逐月平均气温、平均最高气温及平均最低气温资料,采用线性倾向估计对水城近50a季平均气温及年平均最高、最低气温的年际、年代际变化进行了统计分析。结果表明：近50a来水城年平均气温呈上升趋势,其线性倾向率为0．134℃／10a,春季气温距平近50a来却呈下降趋势,夏、秋、冬季气温呈上升趋势,上升趋势不一致,从各季节平均气温变化幅度来看,秋季最大,夏、冬次之,春季最小。50a来年平均最高气温、年平均最低气温均呈上升趋势。     

盘县半个多世纪的气温变化特征分析

利用贵州省六盘水市盘县气象观测站1951-01—2007-02连续、可靠的地面月平均气温、月平均最高、最低气温以及日极端最高、最低气温资料,对盘县年及各季平均气温、年平均最高、最低气温的变化进行分析。结果表明:盘县半个多世纪气温总体呈上升趋势,并且具有冬暖夏热或冬冷夏凉的典型气候特征,同时极端最高气温主要发生在20世纪50年代,极端最低气温主要发生在20世纪60年代。近10 a盘县气温升高趋势更加突出,暖冬气候特征更加明显。     

克拉玛依1957—2006年气温变化特征分析

分析克拉玛依1957-2006年逐年平均气温、平均最低气温、平均最高气温以及1月和7月的平均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温发现:克拉玛依近50a来平均气温、日最高、最低气温随时间呈增加态势,其中日最低气温增加较为明显,其结果导致日较差减少,日平均气温略为增加;20世纪80年代后年平均气温、日最高气温、日最低气温升高态势较为明显.     

泰山近50年气候变化特征

根据泰山气象站1955-2004年气温及降水资料,从年、季平均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温、降水量变化趋势及异常年份的分析等角度对泰山近50年来的气候变化作了较全面的分析.分析表明:近50年泰山的年平均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温都呈上升趋势,20世纪90年代增温尤其明显;各季节气温变化趋势不同,冬季变暖趋势最明显,其中平均最低气温升高最为显著;近50年年降水量呈明显下降趋势,其中20世纪80年代降水量最少.秋季降水呈下降趋势,而冬季在70年代为多雨期,夏季在80年代为多雨期,春季在70年代为少雨期.     

兰州最高最低气温的非对称变化

分析了兰州1932～2002年年平均气温、年平均最高和最低气温及年平均气温日较差的气候变化特征。分析表明：1932年以来，4个气温要素的线性增温率依次为每10年0．14℃、0．06℃、0．38℃、-0．32℃。兰州20世纪40年代最高气温对增暖的贡献大，80年代最低气温对增暖的贡献大，而90年代的异常偏暖表现为最高和最低气温的同时上升。另外，在40年代各季平均最高和最低气温均呈相反的趋势，表现为最高气温的上升和最低气温的下降；在1950～1970年间最高和最低气温的变化趋势和幅度非常接近，但维持时间各季略有不同；80年代以来，最低和最高气温均在上升，但最低气温的增温率明显高于最高气温的增温率。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.