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皱唇鲨食性与繁殖状况 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
皱唇鲨为黄渤海常见的底栖中小型鲨鱼,它是以游泳生物为主的杂食性鱼类,捕食蓝点马鲛、青鳞鱼、黄鲫、长蛸、日本枪乌贼、对虾、鹰爪虾、虾姑、鲽科鱼、底栖多毛类和蟹类。皱唇鲨为卵胎生,7-8月民熟后体内受精,雄性性腺成熟明显表现出:鳍脚增大呈飞跃式的增大,产仔期为5-6月,胚胎在母体内发育时间为9-10月,雌鲨怀胎最多为42尾,仔鱼的雌雄比例为1:1。 相似文献
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福建南部沿岸水域尖头斜齿鲨的食性 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
对福建南部沿岩水域尖头斜齿鲨食性的分析表明:尖头斜齿鲨以硬骨鱼类,头路类,长尾类和口足类为主要食料,其营养级为3.45,年平均饱满指数为9.45‰,摄食率为76%,其雌鱼在分娩期间仍有摄食,但强度降低,雌、雄个体食物组成无明显差异,幼鱼摄食强度大于成鱼。 相似文献
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闽南近海尖头斜齿鲨的生殖生物学研究 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
尖头斜齿鲨(Scoliodon laticaudus)是暖水性小型鲨鱼,为有胎盘胎生种类.在闽南近海,其雄鱼的性成熟长度为382~448mm,雌鱼的性成熟长度为405~467mm,1994年5月至1995年4月的周年随机采样中,雌鱼在群体中所占比例为53.0%.雌鱼的妊娠开始于1~4月,同年的6~8月分娩,妊娠期为5~6个月.尖头斜齿鲨雌鱼每个子宫一次妊娠怀胚胎1~12尾,其中3~6尾者占67.8%.雌鱼一次妊娠产仔鱼2~24尾,平均9.1尾,其中6~13尾占70%;57%的母体左右子宫内胚胎数相同.胚胎数量随母体全长的增大而呈线性增加.雌性尖头斜齿鲨生殖周期约为2年,一生生殖2~3次,生殖能力较低.尖头斜齿鲨胚胎在分娩时全长138~142mm,与雌鱼性成熟长度的比为0.30~0.35,胚胎的雌雄比为1.17:1.同一子宫内及左右两子宫中的胚胎发育情况均基本相同.另外还讨论了鲨鱼资源的保护和管理问题. 相似文献
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对条纹斑竹鲨(Chiloscyllium plagiosum)的消化器官进行解剖和组织学观察。结果表明,条纹斑竹鲨消化道较短,其长度仅为鱼体全长的49.31%±2.60%。牙细小,三齿头型,多行在使用,每侧有12~14纵行。食道粗短,具有6~8条粗大的纵褶。胃呈"V"型,可分为贲门部和幽门部。小肠可分为十二指肠和回肠,回肠具有18片几乎平行的螺旋瓣。大肠可分为结肠和直肠,均较短。肝脏大,分为左右两叶,左叶较长而宽大,胆囊位于肝左叶近中央背侧,肝脏质量占鱼体质量的4.92%±1.22%。胰脏可分背、腹两叶,胰脏质量占鱼体质量的0.16%±0.04%。条纹斑竹鲨消化系统的组织学特征与其它鱼类基本相似,但大肠上皮为复层扁平上皮,其中含有大量大型粘液细胞。研究表明,条纹斑竹鲨的消化系统具有软骨鱼纲板鳃亚纲的消化系统的基本结构特征,同时又具有自身所特有的与其生活习性相适应的形态结构特征。本研究为条纹斑竹鲨的人工配合饲料的研制和投饵技术提供基础资料。 相似文献
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镰状真鲨(Carcharhinus falciformis)是金枪鱼(Thunnus)延绳钓渔业中常见的兼捕鱼种之一,位于海洋食物链的顶端,对海洋物种多样性和生态系统的稳定性有重要意义,2017年10月1日作为濒危物种被正式列入濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约附录Ⅱ中。作者根据中国金枪鱼渔业科学观察员在中西太平洋海域(7°S~9°N,149°E~150°W)采集的1 150尾镰状真鲨样本,对其叉长、体质量、繁殖和摄食等生物学信息进行初步研究与分析。结果表明:雌、雄镰状真鲨的优势叉长范围分别为80~180 cm和60~150 cm,雌性叉长均值显著大于雄性;雌、雄的叉长和体质量关系无显著性差异(ANCOVA,P0.05),叉长和体质量的幂函数关系为:W_R=9×10–6×L_F~(2.9712);雌、雄性比符合1︰1比例;镰状真鲨的鳍脚长度与叉长呈显著正相关性,其线性关系为L_C=0.1492×L_F–6.5;镰状真鲨的怀仔数为4~15尾,平均怀仔数为8尾,子宫内雌雄胚胎长度范围为24~56 cm;摄食等级以空胃率为主,其次为1级,分别为51.77%、35.07%。 相似文献
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闽南及闽中近海常见鲨鳐类肝油的脂肪酸组成 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
闽南及闽中近海鲨鳐类肝油的脂肪酸组成相似,主要的脂肪酸包括16:0(14.9%~23.7%),18:0(5.3%~10.4%),18:1ω9(8.6%~16.9%),16:1(3.4%~7.5%),20:4ω6(3.8%~14.7%)和22:6ω3(10.7%~36.9%).22:6ω3在分析的所有种类(基齿鲨Hypoprion sp除外)均是含量最高的脂肪酸成分.可见,闽南及闽中近海鲨鳐类肝油是22:6ω3良好的来源.底层生活习性种类肝油ω6PUFA的含量高于中上层种类,而中上层生活习性种类肝油22:6ω3的含量以及ω3PUFA与ω6PUFA的比值则相对地高于底层种类,这种现象可能与它们各自的摄食习性有关. 相似文献
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台湾海峡蓝圆鲹的食性研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文材料系1965年,1977年,1988年至1989年台湾海峡灯光围网、拖山网的渔获物。采用个体百分比(N),重量百分比(W),出现频率(F),出现频率百分比,胃饱满系数,类群更替率等指标进行分析,并根据3个指标,计算了相对重要性指标。蓝圆鲹食性广泛,主要食料有桡足矣、小型鱼类、糠虾类、长尾类和短尾类等。幼鱼食料以桡足类最为重要,成鱼食料则以鱼类为重要。蓝圆鲹摄食强度有明显的季节变化。周年摄食强度呈双峰型,高峰期正好比两个产卵期迟1个月,说明蓝图鲹生殖后强烈摄食。幼鱼摄食强度昼夜变化明显,以黄昏和黎明摄食较强烈。蓝图鲹主要饵料生物的高生物量区,可作为寻找中心渔场的良好生物学指标之一,这在生产实践中有重要意义。 相似文献
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微塑料污染目前成为海洋污染普遍关注的一个研究热点。本文在实验室内将青岛近海常见的海洋桡足类猛水蚤暴露于不同浓度的微塑料尼龙6中,研究了猛水蚤的摄食、排泄以及生殖的变化。研究结果表明,微塑料尼龙6对猛水蚤的摄食、排泄、生殖均产生不利的影响,并且存在剂量-效应关系。微塑料尼龙6对猛水蚤摄食率、滤水率、排粪率的24 h·EC 50分别为67.7、62.2、84.1 mg·L^-1,对猛水蚤抱卵率的144 h·EC 50为30.3 mg·L^-1。“饱食感”造成猛水蚤摄食率降低,从而能量和营养摄入不足可能是导致猛水蚤抱卵率降低的原因。猛水蚤对微塑料的摄食,导致猛水蚤排泄的粪便颗粒小型化,由长椭球体变为短小椭球体,可能与其粘度或物理结构的改变有关。暴露于尼龙6的猛水蚤的粪便体积和沉降速率显著低于未暴露微塑料的对照组。本实验结果对于研究微塑料对海洋桡足类以及滤食性浮游动物的生态毒理影响具有一定的帮助。 相似文献
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大西洋浪蛤(Spisula solidissima) 生态习性的初步观察 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Lin Zhihua 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2000,30(Z1):242-246
1998年10至1999年8月对大西洋 浪蛤 的生态习性进行详细观察结果表明,大西洋浪蛤 的生存温度为-1℃~30℃,以10℃ ~25℃范围较适,盐度范围为10.0~51.5,pH范围4~9。营埋栖生活,潜居砂质底,洞穴的 深度与贝类长度相当,依靠水交换滤取食物,饵料以各种小型浮游生物及有机碎屑为主,对 种类没有明显的选择性。 相似文献
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Feeding Habits of the Mesopelagic Fish Gonostoma gracile in the Northwestern North Pacific 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The diet of Gonostoma gracile, a numerically abundant mesopelagic fish in the Subtropical Region and the Transition Domain of the northwestern North Pacific,
was examined using 520 specimens collected during June–July 1988, June 1995 and November 1995. The prey included mainly copepods,
ostracods, amphipods and euphausiids. Copepods and ostracods were the most abundant, comprising approximately 70% of the total
diet. There was little evidence of an ontogenetic dietary shift; Pleuromamma copepods were the most abundant prey for all size classes of fish ranging from 19 to 116 mm in standard length. The size
range of prey increased with growth, but all fish sizes examined fed mainly on 1–4 mm long prey. Luminescent copepods and
ostracods were the most abundant prey, suggesting that G. gracile detects its prey visually.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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为探究多环芳烃(Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)污染对海洋桡足类的毒性效应,本研究以日本虎斑猛水蚤(Tigriopus japonicus)为受试生物,选取菲(Phenanthrene,Phe)作为PAHs的代表开展暴露试验.急性毒性试验测得Phe对日本虎斑猛水蚤的96 h半... 相似文献
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Food and Feeding Habits of the Surf Zone Penaeid Prawn Macropetasma africanus (Balss) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Abstract. Macropetasma africanus is an important component of the nearshore macrofauna in South African marine waters. Juveniles utilize high energy surf zones as nursery and maturation areas before offshore migration to spawning areas. Samples were taken from two surf zone areas and an offshore spawning area over a two year period. Spatial, seasonal, and diel variations in diet, established from stomach content analysis (N = 1020), indicate that M. africanus is an omnivorous feeder with a diet reflecting general food availability in the environment. Five major food groups were identified. Detritus was the most important food group identified in a medium energy surf zone and offshore spawning area. Phytoplankton was the major food group utilized in a high energy surf area characterized by phytoplankton blooms. Crustaceans were an important component of the diet in all three areas sampled and the remains of copepods, ostracods, isopods, amphipods, and mysids were identified. Benthic macrofauna and meiofauna are not important components of the M. africanus diet in the turbulent surf zone areas but appear more important in the offshore area. Feeding behaviour is adapted to turbulent conditions found in surf areas and the passage of food through the foregut is rapid. 相似文献
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东海带鱼食性的季节变化 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
探讨带鱼摄食生态及东海食物网现状。根据2002年12月~2003年11月收集到的带鱼胃含物样品,对其摄食习性的季节变化进行了研究。结果表明,带鱼全年摄食的饵料种类数共有60余种,鱼类和甲壳类为其主要饵料类群。带鱼的食物组成存在季节差异,春季以细条天竺鲷、磷虾和带鱼为主要食物;夏季以带鱼、磷虾、糠虾和刺鲳为主要食物;秋季以口足类幼体、七星底灯鱼和竹荚鱼为主要食物;冬季以带鱼、七星底灯鱼、小带鱼和糠虾为主要食物。摄食强度的季节变化并不明显(P>0.05),秋季最高,夏季最低;各个季节的主要饵料类群组成存在差异,鱼类饵料的重量百分比均最高;饵料多样性指数季节差异并不显著(P>0.05),秋季最高,冬季和夏季较低。通过与历史资料进行比较发现,东海带鱼的食物组成发生了较大的变化,已由过去以磷虾为主转变为以鱼类为主,同时表现出明显的同类相食的现象。 相似文献
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黄鳍刺(鱼叚)虎鱼(Acanthogobius flavimanu)前期幼鱼摄食习性和摄食率的初步研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对 1997年 5月莱州湾潍河口采集的黄鳍刺虎鱼前期幼鱼进行消化道内含物分析。结果表明黄鳍刺虎鱼前期幼鱼为浮游动物食性 ,主要摄食镖蚤类、短尾类幼体、猛蚤类和甲壳类的六肢幼体。摄食有明显的节律 ,清晨消化道内含物最多 ,傍晚最少。摄食的种类随昼夜不同时间有一定的变化。摄食率 :C=9.2 52 8g/ (10 0 g· BW· d) ;日摄食量 :FD=0 .0 0 4 7g/ d。 相似文献
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Tadeu José Pereira Gilda Silva Maria José Costa José Lino Costa 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011
The Lusitanian toadfish, Halobatrachus didactylus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801), is a subtropical sound-producing marine teleost that inhabits estuaries and other brackish water ecosystems in its northern distribution area. The relative isolation of populations within estuaries may cause important modifications in the bio-ecology of this species. The males of this species present two morphotypes which are more accurately distinguishable during the reproductive season. In the Tagus estuary population, the two types of reproductive males were present: type I, the “characteristic” morphotype, and type II, the alternative morphotype. The opportunistic males had more developed testis while type I males had more developed accessory glands. Type I males presented more developed swimbladders and larger body size and live longer than type II males. On the contrary, type II males grew faster and matured earlier. The feeding habits of the two male morphotypes were similar during the reproductive season but differences were found between reproductive specimens and non-reproductive specimens. The diet of reproductive specimens was mainly composed of benthic prey in contrast to predominance of nectobenthic prey in the diet of non-reproductive specimens. The females of H. didactylus generally had an intermediate pattern between the two male morphotypes. The percentage of type II males tended to be higher in denser areas of the estuary. In comparison with populations from different size ecosystems, smaller ecosystems revealed important modifications on the bio-ecology of the species due to the increased competition for nesting sites and mating partners, favouring alternative male tactics. 相似文献