华北地台前寒武纪变质基底的Sm－Nd同位素地质信息

华北前寒武纪变质基底的Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ同位素资料，主要来自冀东、辽东、内蒙古中部，五台－太行、河南和鲁西等地早前寒武纪以基性岩为主的表壳岩和深成酸性侵入体，也有少量副变质岩的分析结果。已搜集的华北地台前寒武纪变质基底的３０４个Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ分析资料表明，除同位素年龄信息外，作为壳－幔演化示踪剂，给出了岩石圈早期演化的重要信息：除已由Ｕ－ｐｂ法证实的冀东曹庄、辽东鞍山有≥３．８Ｇａ的地壳残留外，Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ资料还暗示吕粱和登封一带存在＞３．５Ｇａ的古老地壳。在华北地台上，除＞３．５Ｇａ的早期壳－幔分离事件外，３．２～３．６Ｇａ，２．６～３．０Ｇａ和２．０～２．２Ｇａ分别为三次造壳的高峰时间。来自华北不同地区的Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ资料还表明，在３．０Ｇａ以前即存在一个规模较大的古老地壳，加之晚太古的造壳规模，太古宙地壳规模之宏大已与现代地壳相近似。除壳－幔分离的造壳事件外，华北地台早前寒武纪地壳活化再造十分强烈。活化再造形成的酸性侵入体的Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ同位素资料显示Ｔ＿（ＤＭ）＝２．６～２．８Ｇａ是活化再造的最高峰时期。     

岩溶区地下水库库容评价的初步探讨：以贵州仁怀长岗出水洞地下…

岩溶区修建地下水库，其库容在修建前是难以确定的，本文利用仁怀县长岗山水洞地下河资料，以地下河蓄水空间几何形态概化法和水箱模拟法对拟建地下水库不同水头高度的水库库容进行了计算，其蓄水空间几何形态概化法和水箱模拟法计算结果分别是：坝前水头３０ｍ时，库容量为１９．５７万ｍ＾３和１９．６８万ｍ＾３；坝前水头２０ｍ时，库容量为９．１９万ｍ３和９．３５万ｍ＾３；坝前水头１０ｍ时，库容量为２．４３万ｍ＾３和２．     

黔北地区晚寒武世至早奥陶世初期的牙形石分带及界线讨论

根据所获的丰富的牙形资料，较系统地将黔北地区上寒武统顶部及下奥陶统底部建立了四个可进行区域性对比的牙形石带，把寒武系和奥陶系的界线控制在Ｍ．Ｓ带与Ｃ．Ｐ带之间１８．２９ｍ的范围之内，这是我省目前已知的寒武，奥陶系界线控制的最短距离资料，为准确划定黔北地区寒武系和奥陶系的界线提供了资料。     

利用变参数回归方法反演泥质岩裂缝密度

本文利用变参数回归分析建立了多口井的泥质岩储层裂缝密度模型。该模型的平均相对误差为１３．５％,较常系数回归分析、ＢＰ网络模型进行裂缝预测的精度高（平均相对误差分别为３８．７％、１７．９％）。通过实际资料处理认为该油田在纵向上随时代变老,深度加深,裂缝密度降低。即从Ｎ２２、Ｎ１２到Ｎ１,平均裂缝密度从０．７８条／ｍ、０．５条／ｍ降低到０．３条／ｍ。在平面上,沿构造轴部裂缝最发育,平均裂缝密度Ｎ２２、Ｎ１２、Ｎ１层分别为０．５８条／ｍ、０．６条／ｍ、０．３条／ｍ。     

鹤岗矿区煤层气资源评估与开发前景预测

鹤岗矿区面积２５２ｋｍ＾２，有效井田面积为１００．２１ｋｍ＾２，含煤地层厚８００～１０００ｍ，共含煤４０层，含煤系数为４．３～９．３％，大于３．５ｍ的煤层占７５％，中厚煤层占１９．２％，其中可采煤层和局部可采煤层计３６层，总厚度为３８．６～８５．８ｍ，赋存深度均在１２００ｍ以内，煤炭资源量２５６５Ｍｔ，资源量密度为１０．１８Ｍｔ／ｋｍ＾２，煤层瓦斯含量为９．４～１５．５ｍ＾２／ｔ，平均为１３ｍ＾３     

伊敏盆地五牧场煤变质作用及煤层气地质特征研究

伊敏盆地五牧场区大磨拐图河组煤变质梯度△Ｒ°ｍ／１００＝０．５４％，从褐煤到贫煤均有发育。地震资料和围岩蚀变证实在大磨拐图河组之下发育一小型岩株，其埋深为２０００ｍ左右。岩浆热力引起的高温低压变质条件导致煤中孔隙裂隙的充分发育。含煤段之上厚３００ｍ的泥岩有效阻止煤层气的逸散，煤储层可具有较高的含气饱和度。五牧场区烟煤储量丰富，单层煤厚度多在２ｍ以上，煤累计厚度达３０ｍ以上，富煤带与中变质煤区大部分重叠。煤层埋深３５０ｍ～１０００ｍ，倾角在１５°以内，具备较好的煤层气勘探开发条件。     

鄂尔多斯盆地地温场与烃源岩演化特点

通过对鄂尔多斯盆地地壳结构、岩石热导率和生热率的综合研究，盆地莫霍面现今平均温度为５６８．５℃。各层面地温场展布可归纳为三种展布形式，分别以莫霍面、中元古界底面和侏罗系底面为代表。对应于生油门限的范围是侏罗系底面（现今平均温度为４５．８℃）－寒武系底面（现今平均温度为１１７．３℃）．生油门限的上界，在盆地西北部为１３００ｍ左右，在盆地南缘为１７００ｍ左右，在盆地东部为１２００ｍ左右．     

钱塘江涌潮简析与预报

根据１９９１年观测资料，仑前潮位站出现涌潮１８４次，涌潮次数多少与江道地形变迁及上游下泄流量大小有关。涌潮高度在１．２－２．２ｍ之间，与涨潮潮差成正比。涌潮潮时预报方法有传播时间法和隔日滞后时间法。涌潮高度的预报，可根据当天涌潮高度预测后一天涌潮高度，也可根据下游站的涌潮高度预报上游站的涌潮高度。     

西藏羊八井地热田侧向舌型系统

地热田地热系统按其地热流体的运移方向可分为垂直柱型和侧向舌型两大类型．根据地热地质勘探初期有限的钻孔资料正确推断地热系统的类型对指导深入勘探具有重要意义．作者１９７６年～１９８０年在羊八井工作期间总结当时勘探初期的钻孔资料，于１９７７年８月提出：硫磺矿一带深部可能存在岩浆源的主通道的论点。１９９３年硫磺矿的一个地热孔在２００６ｍ深度的花岗岩中获得了２６２．３℃高温，证实了上述论断．     

北祁连奥陶纪洋脊扩张速率及古洋盆规模的岩石学约束

北祁连奥陶纪期间为一多岛洋，由中间微陆块分隔的三个相对独立的洋盆联合组成。火山岩可区分为洋脊型、洋岛（海山）型及岛弧型三种主要的构造岩石组合类型。根据火山岩化学成分计算获得三个洋盆的扩张速率分别为４．４５ｃｍ／ａ，０．７５ｃｍ／ａ和０．８ｃｍ／ａ；闭合速率分别为４．０５ｃｍ／ａ，３．１０ｃｍ／ａ和４．８７ｃｍ／ａ。奥陶纪末期，三个洋盆相继闭合，形成了下伏的中南祁连陆块—北祁连陆－陆碰撞构造混杂带—上叠的阿拉善陆块三个构造单元叠置的构造构局     

煤层顶板导水裂缝带发育高度探测研究——以黑龙江省双鸭山双阳煤矿为例

煤层顶板导水裂缝带发育高度是煤矿设计部门在留设防、隔水煤柱时必须考虑的一个重要参数,对煤矿水体下采煤、顶板防治水具有重要意义。基于双阳煤矿水文地质补充勘探项目,在8#煤层采空区上方施工两个地面钻孔,采用地面钻孔钻井液漏失量实测法、钻孔电视摄像技术及传统经验公式法相结合的方法,综合确定8#煤层顶板导水裂缝带发育高度为43.7~45.7m,为地质条件相似矿区在合理确定开采上限、留设防（隔）水煤柱等问题提供方法和数据支持。     

开滦赵各庄矿2137（西下）工作面防水煤柱留设研究

开滦赵各庄矿2137西下工作面为大埋深、急倾斜、特厚煤层开采区。为预防顶板老窑突水灾害,合理留设防水煤柱,采用了FLAC3D模拟方法分析连续介质大变形条件下围岩体积应变分带特征,并与工作面实际情况相结合,确定了该矿冒落带、裂隙带最大高度,合理解释了切眼处采空区上方煤层超高抽冒现象。通过计算决定该矿留设防水煤柱60m,该结果比规程少留煤柱15.75m。经两年的生产实践,证明防水煤柱留设安全可靠。     

辛安煤矿1402工作面临空窄煤柱采掘响应及动态加固

随着我国煤炭资源去产能整合煤矿的增多,复采工作面临空窄煤柱采动失稳问题日益凸显,已严重制约矿井安全高效生产。为此,针对辛安煤矿复采1402工作面辅运巷道5号钻场临空窄煤柱稳定性控制的工程难题,运用数值模拟与理论分析相结合的方法,探究5号钻场临空窄煤柱稳定性采掘扰动响应特征,提出5号钻场临空窄煤柱动态注浆加固技术方案并开展现场应用和效果检验。研究结果表明:1402工作面辅运巷道掘进对5号钻场临空窄煤柱稳定性影响较小;在1402工作面回采期间,距5号钻场18~6 m范围,临空窄煤柱集中垂直应力由非对称马鞍形分布逐渐过渡为拱形分布;距5号钻场6 m时,临空窄煤柱承载叠加垂直应力超过煤体强度,塑性区完全贯通,极易破坏失稳;现场采用MP364型注浆材料及专用注浆设备对5号钻场临空窄煤柱前后5 m区域进行加固,动态注浆始终超前工作面10 m,通过深孔窥视和气体监测手段验证临空窄煤柱良好的封堵固化效果,保障了工作面安全回采,为我国整合矿井类似条件下煤柱稳定性控制提供借鉴和参考。移动阅读      

大断面综放沿空巷道煤柱合理宽度与围岩控制

确定合理的区段煤柱宽度及巷道支护型式和参数,对于提高资源回采率和巷道安全性及实现综放开采高产高效意义重大。以王家岭煤矿20103区段运输平巷为工程背景,采用FLAC3D数值分析了不同煤柱宽度下围岩主应力差、变形及破坏演化规律,认为合理煤柱宽度为6～10 m,并结合实际地质和生产条件确定试验巷道煤柱宽度为8 m。采用理论分析和现场钻孔窥视方法综合确定基本顶断裂线位于距采空区约7 m处,认为由于综放沿空巷道围岩性质结构和应力分布沿巷道中心线呈明显非对称性,将引发煤柱侧顶板严重下沉和肩角部位煤岩体错位、嵌入、台阶下沉等非对称破坏特征,靠煤柱侧顶板及肩角部位是巷道变形破坏的关键部位。在此研究基础上,针对性地提出了以高强锚梁网、不对称锚梁、锚索桁架为主体的综合控制技术,详细阐明了具体支护措施的控制机制,并进行现场应用。工程实践表明,8 m煤柱宽度合理,该支护技术能够保证窄煤柱沿空巷道围岩稳定,并已在王家岭煤矿大面积推广应用,对类似工程条件的支护技术具有一定的理论意义和实用价值。     

Numerical Investigation of the Dynamic Mechanical State of a Coal Pillar During Longwall Mining Panel Extraction

This study presents a numerical investigation on the dynamic mechanical state of a coal pillar and the assessment of the coal bump risk during extraction using the longwall mining method. The present research indicates that there is an intact core, even when the peak pillar strength has been exceeded under uniaxial compression. This central portion of the coal pillar plays a significant role in its loading capacity. In this study, the intact core of the coal pillar is defined as an elastic core. Based on the geological conditions of a typical longwall panel from the Tangshan coal mine in the City of Tangshan, China, a numerical fast Lagrangian analysis of continua in three dimensions (FLAC^3D) model was created to understand the relationship between the volume of the elastic core in a coal pillar and the vertical stress, which is considered to be an important precursor to the development of a coal bump. The numerical results suggest that, the wider the coal pillar, the greater the volume of the elastic core. Therefore, a coal pillar with large width may form a large elastic core as the panel is mined, and the vertical stress is expected to be greater in magnitude. Because of the high stresses and the associated stored elastic energy, the risk of coal bumps in a coal pillar with large width is greater than for a coal pillar with small width. The results of the model also predict that the peak abutment stress occurs near the intersection between the mining face and the roadways at a distance of 7.5 m from the mining face. It is revealed that the bump-prone zones around the longwall panel are within 7–10 m ahead of the mining face and near the edge of the roadway during panel extraction.     

A study of surface subsidence and coal pillar safety for strip mining in a deep mine

Some villages and bridges are located on the ground surface of the working district no. 7 in the Wanglou Coal Mine. If longwall mining is adopted, the maximum deformation of the ground surface will exceed the safety value. Strip mining is employed for the working district no. 7 which is widely used to reduce surface subsidence and the consequent damage of buildings on the ground surface. To ensure the safety of coal pillars and improve the recovery coefficient, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation (FLAC 3D) were adopted to determine the coal pillar and mining widths and to discuss the coal pillar stress distribution and surface subsidence for different mining scenarios. The results revealed that the width of coal pillars should be larger than 162 m, and the optimized mining width varies from 150 to 260 m. As the coal seam is exploited, vertical stress is mainly applied on the coal pillar, inducing stress changes on its ribs. The coefficient of mining-induced stress varies from 2.02 to 2.62 for different mining scenarios. The maximum surface subsidence and horizontal movement increase as the mining width increases. However, when the mining width increases to a certain value, increasing the pillar width cannot significantly decrease the maximum subsidence. To ensure the surface subsidence less than 500 mm, the mining width should not be larger than 200 m. Considering the recovery coefficient and safety of the coal pillar, a pillar width of 165 m is suggested.     

断层防水煤柱可靠度分析

为了合理设计防水煤岩柱的宽度,使用了可靠度分析的“JC”方法,分析了水压力、煤层抗张强度及突水系数的不确定性,建立了防水煤柱可靠度分析的极限状态方程。并计算了与防水煤柱有关的可靠度指标、失效概率和安全系数。参考其它事故的死亡率,防水煤柱的失效概率为1× 10 -5~1× 10 -6比较合适。      

基于巨厚岩层-煤柱协同变形的煤柱稳定性

采前煤柱稳定性研究是工作面冲击危险性评估和开采方案设计的关键。以山东某矿深井巨厚砾岩条件工作面开采遗留煤柱为背景,采用案例调研、理论分析、数值模拟和工程实践等方法,对巨厚岩层-煤柱协同变形机制及其煤柱稳定性进行了研究,建立了巨厚岩层-煤柱协同变形的简化力学模型,探讨了引起煤柱变形的主要应力来源和变形形式,推导了在协同变形条件下煤柱的应力-应变关系。以此为基础,综合煤柱煤体应力、围岩稳定性和变形特征等条件,提出了煤柱整体失稳的力学判据。研究结果表明：巨厚岩层-煤柱失稳诱发冲击与煤柱的位置、尺寸和上覆岩层运动或变形关系密切,上覆岩层运动或变形是诱发煤柱失稳的动力因素;巨厚岩层-煤柱的变形主要包括受集中力F压迫的协同挠曲压缩变形和受集中力G作用的重力沉降变形,二者保持内在协调性;巨厚岩层下煤柱整体失稳的工程判据为煤柱煤体平均支承应力p超过其平均极限支承强度Rc（p≥Rc）;评估得到遗留的50 m煤柱具有强冲击危险性,并通过优化开采设计,取得了良好的效果。该研究成果对相似条件煤柱留设及其稳定性分析具有参考意义。     

Stability of goaf-side entry driving in 800-m-deep island longwall coal face in underground coal mine

Goaf-side entry driving in underground coal mines could greatly improve coal recovery rates. However, it becomes more difficult to maintain stability, especially in deep coal mines. Pillar width plays a pivotal role in the stability of goaf-side entry driving. To obtain a reasonable and appropriate narrow pillar width, theoretical calculations of the widths of mining-damaged zone and limit equilibrium zone in the pillar are derived according to limit equilibrium theory. Based on the stability issues of goaf-side entry driving in the first island longwall coal face (LCF) at a depth of 800 m below the surface in Guqiao Coal Mine in China, a numerical model is established by FLAC software to analyze the stability of the surrounding rock of goaf-side entry driving during excavation, using various coal pillar widths and support schemes. The results obtained from theoretical calculations, numerical simulation, and engineering practice indicate that an 8-m-wide coal pillar is relatively reasonable, appropriate, and feasible. Field measurements show that deformations of the surrounding rock could be efficiently controlled 31 days after the support schemes were implemented in goaf-side entry driving with an 8-m-wide narrow pillar along the adjacent goaf side with a compaction duration of 10 months. The mining influence range of the overlying LCF on the stability of goaf-side entry driving is found to be the area from 50 m ahead of the LCF to 70 m behind the LCF as it passes over the measurement point.     

复用回采巷道护巷煤柱合理宽度研究

为解决高瓦斯工作面双U型巷道布置中煤柱损失大、相邻工作面复用回采巷道维护困难的难题,综合采用理论分析、数值计算和现场试验的方法,研究得到煤柱宽度对相邻两工作面之间煤柱内复用巷道围岩应力分布和变形特征的影响规律：随着巷道一侧煤柱宽度的增加,巷道围岩垂直应力峰值向一侧移动,并逐渐远离巷道;当巷道一侧煤柱较小时,巷道以窄煤柱帮变形和顶板下沉为主,随着煤柱宽度增加,底鼓增大并成为巷道主要变形。以煤柱内应力峰值比值为指标,分析煤柱宽度与巷道稳定性的关系,并将不同宽度煤柱进行了稳定性分区。研究成果成功应用于工程实践,为类似条件下巷道布置提供依据。