PHS-3B型PH计的日常维护和常见故障的判断处理

介绍PHS-3B型PH计的基本结构、组成、仪器检测的一般方法、使用注意事项和日常维护保养,重点对该型PH计出现的常见故障进行分析、并找出排除方法。     

酸雨观测仪器原理及常见故障判识

1酸雨观测仪器的基本原理PH计是用来测量溶液PH值的仪器,实验室常用的酸度计有雷磁25型、PHS-2型和PHS-3型等。酸雨观测仪器测PH值的方法是电位测定法,利用溶液的电化学性质测量氢离子浓度,以确定溶液酸碱度。氢离子浓度的负对数称为PH值。通常PH值为0～14。25℃中性水的PH值为7,PH值〈7的溶液为酸性,PH值〉7为碱性。     

酸雨测试中常见故障排除及应注意问题

在酸雨测试中,大部分台站主要测试两个指标,一是酸雨的PH值,二是酸雨的电导率(K值).目前台站采用的仪器主要有DDS -307型电导率仪和PHS-3B型PH计. 　　……     

新型PH计和电导率仪操作方法简介

酸雨观测站仪器更新后,操作测量方法发生变化.本文介绍了新型PH计和电导率仪工作原理和操作方法,供酸雨观测人员参考.     

新型PH主和电导率仪操作方法简介

酸雨观测站仪器更新后，操作测量方法发生变化。本文介绍了新型PH计和电导率仪工作原理和操作方法，供酸雨观测人员参考。     

PWD22型能见度计的使用与维护

介绍能见度的自动观测技术,并通过介绍PWD22型能见度计,阐述能见度计的原理、种类和安装使用方法以及注意事项。     

钦州市酸雨形势及特征分析

根据2006～2008年钦州国家基本气象站降水监测数据,采用多因子对比、统计的方法对钦州市目前的酸雨形势及特征进行分析.分析表明:钦州市降水PH值呈逐年降低的趋势,其PH值范围在3.08～7.3之间,降水属硫酸型,主要发生的冬春季节.     

酸雨PH值测量中的质量控制方法

PH值测量过程中的质量控制是酸雨观测工作中的重要环节。本文介绍了泰山酸雨站两种PH值测量质量控制的原理与方法，可基本过滤由于仪器性能和操作方法因素造成的所测PH值失真现象，大大提高PH值的测量准确性，方法简单实用。     

巧用Excel制作酸雨PH值质量控制图

以Excel制作2011年广西百色市酸雨观测站降水PH值测量质量控制图的制作方法为例,总结出利用Excel表格里的图表功能制作酸雨PH质量控制图的方法和技巧,以便观测员能够更好地制作出直观醒目的酸雨PH值、K值质量控制图。     

聊城市酸雨特征初探

通过对降水的PH值月变化、PH值与雨量的关系、PH值与风向的关系和对3次酸雨的分析,得出降水的PH值有明显的月变化与空气相对湿度关系密切,另外降水的PH值与风向和雨量有着较密切的关系。     

Observations Of The Morning Transition Of The Convective Boundary Layer

The morning transition between the stable nocturnal situation and the daytime convective boundary layer (CBL) is of interest both for basic understanding and for initializing prognostic models. While the morning growth phase of the CBL has been studied in detail, relatively little has been published on the transition itself. In this paper, conventional observations of surface temperature, humidity, and turbulent fluxes,and data from a meteorological tower, are combined with measurements of the onset of convection by boundary-layer wind profilers to explore the timing and behaviour of the transition period. The transition is defined here as the period between sunrise and the time at which the depth ofconvection reaches about 200 m AGL. Diagnostic relationships based on surface heat flux, the temperature difference between 2 m and 200 m, and bulk Richardson number are explored. The transition is foundto be enabled by surface heating relaxing the surface stability, while the warming of the layerbetween 2 m and 200 m is in large part due to shear-driven entrainment.     

The Impact Of Air-Flow Separation On The Drag Of The Sea Surface

An approach that allows assessment ofthe impact of air-flow separation (AFS) fromwave breaking fronts on the sea-surface drag is presented. Wave breaking fronts are modelled by the discontinuities of the sea-surface slope. It is assumedthat the dynamics of the AFS from wave breaking crests is similar to thatfrom the backward facing step. The form drag supported by an individualbreaker is described by the action of the pressure drop distributed alongthe forward face of the breaking front. The total stress due to the AFS isobtained as a sum of contributions from breaking fronts of different scales.Outside the breaking fronts the drag of the sea surface is supported by theviscous surface stress and the wave-induced stress. To calculate the stressdue to the AFS and the wave-induced stress a physical model of the wind-wavespectrum is used. Together with the model of the air flow described in termsof surface stresses it forms a self-consistent dynamical system for the seasurface-atmosphere where the air flow and wind waves are strongly coupled.Model calculations of the drag coefficient agree with measurements. It is shownthat the dimensionless Charnock parameter (roughness length normalized onthe square of the friction velocity and the acceleration of gravity)increases with the increase of the wind speed in agreement with fieldmeasurements. The stress due to the AFS normalized on the square of thefriction velocity is proportional to the cube of wind speed. At low windsthe viscous surface stress dominates the drag. The role of the form drag,which is the sum of the stress due to the AFS and the wave-induced stress, isnegligible. At moderate and high winds the form drag dominates. At windspeeds higher than 10 m s^-1 the stress supported by the AFS becomescomparable to the wave-induced stress and supports up to 50% of the totalstress.     

气象短信业务的发展分析

对2004年初期气象短信业务的发展方式和状况,以及2004年后期的发展模式进行了认真的分析,并对2005年气象短信业务的新增长点进行了阐述。认为2005年应进一步扩大发展商,并采取多样化的推广模式,以使订制率从目前的3%～5%提高到10%左右。     

The Role Of Halocarbons In The Climate Change Of The Troposphere And Stratosphere

Releases of halocarbons into the atmosphere over the last 50 years are among the factors that have contributed to changes in the Earth’s climate since pre-industrial times. Their individual and collective potential to contribute directly to surface climate change is usually gauged through calculation of their radiative efficiency, radiative forcing, and/or Global Warming Potential (GWP). For those halocarbons that contain chlorine and bromine, indirect effects on temperature via ozone layer depletion represent another way in which these gases affect climate. Further, halocarbons can also affect the temperature in the stratosphere. In this paper, we use a narrow-band radiative transfer model together with a range of climate models to examine the role of these gases on atmospheric temperatures in the stratosphere and troposphere. We evaluate in detail the halocarbon contributions to temperature changes at the tropical tropopause, and find that they have contributed a significant warming of ~0.4 K over the last 50 years, dominating the effect of the other well-mixed greenhouse gases at these levels. The fact that observed tropical temperatures have not warmed strongly suggests that other mechanisms may be countering this effect. In a climate model this warming of the tropopause layer is found to lead to a 6% smaller climate sensitivity for halocarbons on a globally averaged basis, compared to that for carbon dioxide changes. Using recent observations together with scenarios we also assess their past and predicted future direct and indirect roles on the evolution of surface temperature. We find that the indirect effect of stratospheric ozone depletion could have offset up to approximately half of the predicted past increases in surface temperature that would otherwise have occurred as a result of the direct effect of halocarbons. However, as ozone will likely recover in the next few decades, a slightly faster rate of warming should be expected from the net effect of halocarbons, and we find that together halocarbons could bring forward next century’s expected warming by ~20 years if future emissions projections are realized. In both the troposphere and stratosphere CFC-12 contributes most to the past temperature changes and the emissions projection considered suggest that HFC-134a could contribute most of the warming over the coming century.     

综合布线系统在气象核心网络升级中的应用

综合布线系统采用标准化的语音、数据、图像、监控设备,各线综合配置在一套标准的布线系统上,统一布线设计、安装施工和集中管理维护。综合布线系统在广东省气象局核心网络升级综合布线实际应用效果明显。     

综合布线系统在气象核心网络升级中的应用

综合布线系统采用标准化的语音、数据、图像、监控设备，各线综合配置在一套标准的布线系统上，统一布线设计、安装施工和集中管理维护。综合布线系统在广东省气象局核心网络升级综合布线实际应用效果明显。     

Calculation Of The Height Of The Stable Boundary Layer In Practical Applications

Currently used and newly proposed calculation techniques for the heightof the stable boundary layer (SBL), including the bulk-Richardson-numbermethod, diagnostic equations for the equilibrium SBL height, and a relaxation-typeprognostic equation, are discussed from the point of view of their physical basis andrelevance to experimental data. Among diagnostic equations, the best fit to data exhibits an advanced Ekman-layer height model derived recently with due regard to the role of the free-flow stability. Its extension to non-steady regimes provides a prognostic equation recommended for use in practical applications.     

萍乡市烟花鞭炮行业防雷实践经验小结

1萍乡市烟花鞭炮行业生产场所特点及雷击事故成因分析由于生产和贮存的特殊要求,烟花鞭炮生产场所主要有以下几个特点:一是大多建设在郊区的小山坡上,地势较高,土质干燥,且有部分为风化石,土壤电阻率较高;二是生产厂房等占地面积不大,高度较低,且相对分散,所以整个工厂面积较大;三是几乎所有的生产厂房、仓库都为“人”字形砖瓦结构建筑。由于种种原因,萍乡市烟花鞭炮行业95%以上的车间、仓库均未严格按照国家标准设计安装防雷装置。虽有极少数安装了防雷装置,但大部分防雷设计方案未经气象主管机构审核,防雷装置未请有专业资质的甲级单位施…     

Micaps V2.0本地化经验浅谈

根据抚州市气象台Micaps V2．0的运行情况,从参数检索控制文件的本地化设置、主窗口显示的工具条及控件框本地化设置,以及制作必要的新底图文件、参数启动文件、批命令文件和定义综合图等方面,探讨了地市级气象台Micaps V2．0本地化过程中遇到的一些问题,以及解决办法和日常维护经验。这对县级台站的Micaps V2．0本地化设置也有一定的指导意义。     

江西省气象局徽标设计浅谈

从主题的确定、要素的挖掘及表现、形式美法的应用等方面,详细介绍了江西省气象局徽标的设计过程。设计制作的江西省气象局徽标,通过环绕的橄榄枝代表世界气象,通过中间的中国气象局徽标代表中国气象,通过杜鹃花代表江西,进一步体现了江西气象部门在弘扬“管天为民、追求卓越”的江西气象精神的基础上,将立足江西、面向全国、走向世界,努力实现江西气象事业的跨越式发展,从而为建设“四个一流”的江西气象事业和建设和谐平安江西,做出更大的贡献。