中国热带气旋潜在影响力指数分析(英文)

Tropical cyclone,a high energy destructive meteorological system with heavy rainfall and gale triggered massive landslides and windstorms,poses a significant threat to coastal areas.In this paper we have developed a Tropical Cyclone Potential Impact Index (TCPI) based on the air mass trajectories,disaster information,intensity,duration,and frequency of tropical cyclones.We analyzed the spatial pattern and interannual variation of the TCPI over the period 1949-2009,and taking the Super Typhoon Saomai as an example have examined the relationship between the TCPI and direct economic losses,total rainfall,and maximum wind speed.The results reveal that China’s TCPI appears to be a weak decreasing trend over the period,which is not significant overall,but significant in some periods.Over the past 20 years,the TCPI decreased in the southern China coastal provinces of Hainan,Guangdong and Guangxi,while it increased in the southeastern coastal provinces of Zhejiang,Fujian and Taiwan.The highest values of TCPI are mainly observed in Taiwan,Hainan,the coastal areas of Guangdong and Fujian and Zhejiang’s southern coast.The TCPI has a good correlation (P=0.01) with direct economic loss,rainfall,and maximum wind speed.     

The calculation and analysis of ecological footprints,diversity and development capacity of China

The ecological footprint of China’s provinces is calculated in this paper.In general,China’s development is not sustainable because its ecological footprint is beyond its bio-capacity.The sustainability status of each province in China is presented.Ulanowicz’s developmnt capacity formula was introduced to discuss th relation ship of development and ecological footprint’s diversity.The diversity of ecological impacts is related to the efficiency with which an economy uses the source and sink services of the environment and,in this efficiency with which an economy uses the source and sink services of the environment and ,in this view,should be a factor in economic output.Development capacity,calculated from the ecological footprint and its diversity,is used to examine the relationship o economic output with the structure of the ecological footprint.China and its provinces are presented as a case study to investigate this relationship.The analysis shows that footprint capacity is significant in prdicting economic output.Increasing the ecological footprint’s diversity is presented as another way to increase development capacity.     

中国省区间制造业空间格局演变(英文)

This paper, concerning uneven development in China, empirically analyzes the core–periphery gradient of manufacturing industries across provinces(autonomous regions, municipalities), and assesses the extent to which these provinces have changed in recent years. Since China's reform and opening-up, the spatial structure of the economy has presented a significant core–periphery pattern, the core evidently skewing towards east-coastal areas. With the deepening of market reforms and expansion of globalization, industrial location is gradually in line with the development advantages of provinces. The core provinces specialize in those industries characterized by strong forward and backward linkages, as well as a high consumption ratio, a high degree of increasing returns to scale, and labor or human-capital intensity. However, it is the opposite with regard to peripheral provinces, in addition, energy intensive industries are gradually concentrating in these areas. To a certain degree, the comparative advantage theory and new economic geography identify the underlying forces that determine the spatial distribution of manufacturing industries in China. This paper indicates that the industrialization of regions along different gradients becomes unsynchronized will be a long-term trend. Within a certain period, regions are bound to develop industrial sectors in line with their respective characteristics and development stage. A core–periphery pattern of industries also indicates that industrial development differentials across regions arise because of not only the uneven distribution of industries but also the inconsistent evolving trends of industrial structure for each province.     

Evolving a core-periphery pattern of manufacturing industries across Chinese provinces

This paper, concerning uneven development in China, empirically analyzes the core-periphery gradient of manufacturing industries across provinces （autonomous regions, municipalities）, and assesses the extent to which these provinces have changed in recent years. Since China＇s reform and opening-up, the spatial structure of the economy has pre- sented a significant core-periphery pattern, the core evidently skewing towards east-coastal areas. With the deepening of market reforms and expansion of globalization, industrial loca- tion is gradually in line with the development advantages of provinces. The core provinces specialize in those industries characterized by strong forward and backward linkages, as well as a high consumption ratio, a high degree of increasing returns to scale, and labor or hu- man-capital intensity. However, it is the opposite with regard to peripheral provinces, in addi- tion, energy intensive industries are gradually concentrating in these areas. To a certain de- gree, the comparative advantage theory and new economic geography identify the underlying forces that determine the spatial distribution of manufacturing industries in China. This paper indicates that the industrialization of regions along different gradients becomes unsynchro- nized will be a long-term trend. Within a certain period, regions are bound to develop indus- trial sectors in line with their respective characteristics and development stage. A core-periphery pattern of industries also indicates that industrial development differentials across regions arise because of not only the uneven distribution of industries but also the inconsistent evolving trends of industrial structure for each province.     

迈向可持续发展——地质公园行动建议(英文)

From 27th to 29th, May, 2011, the participants of the 2nd International Forum on Geoparks from 5 countries gathered in Taining, Fujian Province, China. The participants discussed developing and preserving our Geoparks and Geo-heritage in sustainable ways. The forum recognized that the Geopark Program initiated by UNESCO is an efficient tool for geo-heritage protection, recreation, education and economic development. The role of capacity building in achieving sustainable development of Geoparks is significant and the potential for capacity building has not been fully realized.     

On arable land changes in Shandong Province and their driving forces

IntroductionAlmost all the provinces and autonomous regions in China have experienced decrease of arable land in the processes of economic development, population growth and urbanization. The situation is more serious in Shandong Province because of the big population and being an agricultural province. From 1949 to 1999, the arable land was decreased by more than 2 million ha in this province accompanied by rapid population growth. The total population in the province in 1999 was twice of t…     

Historical drought and water disasters in the Weihe Plain

Through detailed statistics and analysis of drought and water disasters in the Weihe Plain in the historical period, we discovered that in more than 2300 years (from 370 BC to 2000 AD), natural disasters occurred most frequently in two periods. One is from 610 to 850 AD (from the late Sui Dynasty to the late Tang Dynasty) and the other is from 1580 to 2000 AD (after the late Ming Dynasty). Different natural disasters occurred synchronously, that is to say, when the drought occurred frequently, water disasters occurred frequently in the same periods. Frequencies of natural disasters, on the one hand, connected with climate changes and development course of ancient cities, while on the other, related closely to population changes. The excessive exploitation of natural resources and human disturbance and damages to ecological environment are the major reasons for the increased drought and water disasters.     

Exploring the urban-rural development differences and influencing factors in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China

Uneven urban and rural development is one of the main reasons for the decline of the countryside. This imbalance could be measured by the urban-rural difference index(URDI). Existing studies on urban-rural differences have focused on single dimension between urban and rural areas, and lack a systematic multi-dimensional measurement. Based on the construction of an index system and model for measuring urban-rural differences, this study took the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain(HHHP) as the study area, explores the spatial pattern of urban-rural differences in the area, and used geographical weighted regression models to identify the factors affecting urban-rural development differences. Results show that the mean value of URDI in the HHHP was 0.295, and the URDI in its western region was higher than that in the east. The average URDI was relatively high in the western counties along the Beijing–Guangzhou Railway. The low level of urban-rural "population-land-industry" development in the HHHP is an important reason for the small differences between urban and rural areas. Improvements in road transportation infrastructure have led to an increase in the urban-rural development gap. However, the driving force of the road network on urban development is greater than that on rural areas. The role of county economic agglomeration is gaining strength. In the process of rapid economic development, more attention should be paid to the development of the rural economy and the overall revitalization of the countryside. The equivalent allocation of social service facilities is an effective way to solve the problem of urban-rural imbalance. Further analysis demonstrated that terrain factors have relatively little influence on the URDI. This study provides a new perspective and measurement method for understanding the integration of urban and rural development, and provides a useful reference for guiding the urban-rural integration development and the rural revitalization.     

The provincial pattern of the relationship between urbanization and economic develop-ment in China简

Understanding the relationship between China＇s urbanization and economic de- velopment on a provincial scale is of profound theoretical and practical significance. Based on data from 124 countries or regions throughout the world and 31 provinces or autonomous regions in China, applying improved methods using the quadrant map approach, this paper analyzed the spatial pattern of the relationship between China＇s urbanization and economic development level. The study identified the following results. （1） The 31 province-level re- gions fall into six categories： only one region is in the category of sharp over-urbanization, 3 regions are in medium over-urbanization, 11 slight over-urbanization, 8 basic coordination, one medium under-urbanization, and seven slight under-urbanization. （2） There are signifi- cant regional differences on a provincial scale in the relationships between urbanization and the level of economic development. （3） The provincial pattern of urbanization and economic development is significantly different between east and west. The eastern coastal areas are mainly over-urbanized, while the central and western regions are mainly under-urbanized. （4） The relationship between urbanization and the level of economic development is similar to the Matthew effect. Hence, two important insights are proposed. First, the phenomenon of over-urbanization in some developed regions should be viewed with some concern and vigi- lance. Second, urbanization needs to be speeded up moderately in the central and western regions.     

长江三角洲城市群发展的优势及动态变化(英文)

Urban agglomeration on Yangtze River Delta (UA-YRD) had some advantages in the aspects of water, land, ecological environment, location and transportation. Relying on the resource-environment bases and other advantages, UA-YRD has achieved great develop-ment. Based on index system and model of comprehensive evaluation, the paper calculates the development level of UA-YRD since 1978. The result shows that from 1978 to 2007, the development level increased year by year at an annual rate of 0.0333, and the process of development could be divided into three stages, i.e. low-speed development stage (1978-1991), rapid development stage (1991-2000), and high-speed development stage (2000-2007). The speeds are 0.0083, 0.0356 and 0.0766, respectively. During the 30-year development, foreign economic activity has the greatest effect on development, followed by transportation, industrial economic activity and telecommunication (in order). Additionally, different driving forces have different effects in different stages. The paper suggests that more attention should be paid to the high-speed development stage and the important driving forces to drive its development. At the same time, the limitation of resource and environment should not be neglected and a long effective mechanism needs to be established to sustain harmonious development among the UA development, resource utilization and environmental protection. Some comparative studies should be carried out urgently to support and promote sustainable development of UA effectively, especially towards evolution, driving forces and braking forces.     

A comparative research on built-land changes between Fujian and Taiwan provinces

Comparative study of LUCC between Fujian and Taiwan provinces could be a good case for study because of their geographical proximities and historical, cultural similarities. Fujian and Taiwan had gone through and currently are in different economic development stages. Taiwan is in the stage of post-industrialization and Fujian is in the intermediate stage of industrialization. By using the official statistics, changes of built-land in Fujian and Taiwan were analyzed in details. The results showed that these two provinces seemed to have the same characteristics of built-land changes, i.e., accelerating development, and concentrated distribution on both sides of the Taiwan Straits, forming a pattern with the economic layout of two sides acting in cooperation with eath other. If comparing different industrialized areas in Fujian with industrialized stages in Taiwan, it is clear that these two provinces seemed to have the same characteristics of synthesized index of built-land change (Lc), i.e., which is from stabilization or comparative stabilization at the initial stages of industrialization to high ex-pansion at the intermediate stages of industrialization, then followed by low consumption at later stages of industrialization, but the Lc of the initial and the later stages of industrialization in Taiwan were slightly higher than those in Fujian. The results from comparison on relevant indexes have shown: The industrial structure changing rate of Fujian is actually higher than that of built-land in Taiwan, but its using efficiency of regional built-land is also obviously lower than that in Taiwan in the intermediate and later stages of industrialization of Fujian. The major driving forces of the built-land changes in both provinces were analyzed in Causal Models of Path Analysis, and its result indicated that the difference in built-land changes of the two provinces is closely related to their economic development stages and industrial structure. Countermeasure for the realization of sustainable utilization of built-land in Fujian put forward in this article is to strengthen its intension and tap the latent power.     

闽台建设用地变化与工业化耦合的对比分析

闽台因其区域自然背景及历史文化的相似性和经济发展时序递差性成为区域对比研究的理想对象之一。利用闽台相关统计资料对比显示,闽台建设用地增长速度均体现出加速发展的态势,并集中分布于台湾海峡两岸,与两岸的经济布局成东西呼应格局。从福建不同工业化区域以及台湾工业化阶段对比,闽台建设用地综合变动系数均经历了由工业化初期的稳定型或相对稳定型发展到工业化中期的剧变型,并于工业化后期步入缓变型的过程,但福建工业化初期及后期的综合变动系数值略低于台湾。相关指标对比研究结果显示:相对于台湾而言福建产业结构变动率快于建设用地变化率,但福建工业化中期及后期区域的建设用地效率还明显低于台湾。通径分析的结果说明闽台建设用地变化的差异与两地经济发展阶段及产业结构密切相关。文章最后提出福建建设用地实现可持续利用的发展对策。     

福建省基于闽台互动的产业与空间结构调整研究

在经济转型条件下,福建省产业和空间结构调整的依据需建立在三个层面上:一是从全球产业大转型中寻求机遇,确立自身发展的整体战略;二是从台海关系这一地缘政治、经济格局的新变局中寻求新的经济增长点并以此为依据重构空间结构;三是从地方空间层面寻求自身的优势,在协调好区域间分工关系的前提下,寻求省域产业和空间结构与上述两个层次的有机耦合。在这三个层面上,台海关系是控制产业与空间结构调整的核心。台海关系加速朝良性发展的新形势以及福建省的独特区位优势决定了福建的产业和空间结构调整必须建立在闽台互动基础之上。高效农业、电子、汽车和石化等重点产业的选择和流动空间—承转空间—地方空间—辐射空间等有机秩序空间系统的建立可以促进闽台产业、空间互动,并最终实现闽台一体化、构建台海经济区的国家战略目标。     

快速工业化背景下漳浦县旅游空间布局思考

漳浦县基于建设海峡西岸经济区和ECFA等政策机遇,依托大型石化项目和闽台特色农业项目合作的快速工业化,推进其国民经济迅速发展和产业结构转型升级,同时也给旅游业发展带来了政策、资金、基础设施完善和发展等机遇及旅游环境质量下降的潜在风险。"十二五"期间,快速工业化背景下,漳浦县旅游业发展应继续深化滨海火山旅游和闽台特色农业文化旅游两大特色,根据"点-轴"理论和增长极理论,结合县域功能区和空间布局调整,建立"一心两带"的功能分区和"两中心四区"的空间布局,以适应新形势的发展。     

以香港回归为契机,加速祖国和平统一

我国目前在政治上被分割成４个地域，经济发展水平空间差异明显。１９９７年香港的回归，给海峡两岸的统一带来了新的机遇。应该利用香港特别行政区在海峡两岸联系中的特殊作用和台港粤闽的传统联系，通过发展粤闽两省的经济，缩小台港粤闽之间的经济发展差距，进一步密切台港粤闽的经济联系，先行实现两岸经济一体化，最终完成祖国和平统一大业。     

基于港口经济的闽台合作

强外向型经济的福建和台湾二省,港口条件优越,资源要素和产业结构具有很强的互补性,存在合作的基础和可能。以港口经济发展现状入手,探讨闽台港口经济的全局性效应,通过一元线性回归模型的求解,得出闽台间的港口吞吐量、进出口贸易额和国内生产总值都有很高的正相关性,三指标所建立起来的线性回归模型的拟合度高、统计量的显著水平很好,定量分析结果说明港口经济对闽台经济确实存在着正向的显著影响,最后从港航运合作和产业集群等角度对闽台合作提出建议。     

“基因图谱”视角下闽台石器时代文化空间结构分析

聚落是识别区域文化景观同一性的重要指标。中国闽台石器时代文化因受区域环境的影响,呈现出与全国其他地区不同的文化特征。借用"文化基因"的概念,运用GIS技术对闽台石器时代文化遗址空间特征、文化特质和历史渊源进行分析。研究结果表明:闽台石器时代文化遗址在产生时间上具有继承性;在空间扩散、迁移及居住地空间选择上,闽台石器文化遗址都呈现了山岗、沿河流阶地和滨海分布模式,并经历了由点经线到面的扩散和迁移过程;在器具、技术工艺和作物类型等方面亦存在着广泛的相似性和共同性。石器遗址文化表明闽台具有相同的文化根基。     

福建省域工业空间结构研究——以福建省销售额前300家工业企业为例

依据地域经济系统理论,一个地域经济单元状态,可以从时序特征和空间结构特征进行表达,其存在状态受制于时空关联性。一定地域在特定时序发展阶段,必有与之相对应的空间结构特征;反之,一定的空间结构特征必然反映其特定的时序阶段。据此,诊断了福建省域工业系统的时空关联性特征,并提出了该省工业阶段性跃迁的对策与建议。     

厦门市产业结构特征与跨世纪发展构想

厦门市在经历了改革开后的一段高速增长之后，产业发展环境和发展方式已经发生了很大变化，通过分析厦门市产业结构现状和产业跨世纪发展的基础优势，并在此基础上提出了厦门市新世纪主导产业发展构想。     

中国西部地区工业化、城镇化与产业生态化的关系——基于PVAR模型的分析

产业作为现代经济发展的基础,是工业化与城镇化发展的引擎。产业生态化是产业发展到一定阶段的高级形态,引导着产业、人与自然的协调发展。实施产业生态化是工业化与城镇化可持续发展的重要方式与有效途径。文章基于2003–2018年中国西部地区省际面板数据,分析工业化、城镇化与产业生态化的空间发展趋势,利用PVAR模型的实证方法进行稳健性检验,考察三者之间在长期状态下的相互关系。研究结果显示:工业化、城镇化与产业生态化在短期因果关系很难显现,滞后三期(三年)时,三者互为格兰杰因果关系,并且产业生态化与工业化促进了城镇化,产业生态化对城镇化的影响系数为0.4612,但工业化与城镇化却对产业生态化呈负面影响,每提高1个百分点的城镇化和工业化水平,产业生态化将分别降低0.2261、0.2850个百分点。随着滞后期的延长,产业生态化的解释能力要优于工业化与城镇化,工业化以及产业生态化是具备较强的自我积累的发展机制,城镇化的自我积累机制不明显甚至产生减退情况。通过发挥西部地区主导产业的作用,摆脱内部不平衡的发展局面,实现工业化与城镇化的互相促进。在提高资源、能源利用率基础上,实施"绿色生产",大力推进产业生态化,促进地区经济、社会高质量发展。