中国癌症与土壤环境中碘元素的关系

利用土壤环境中碘元素资料769个数据,癌症死亡调查资料787 080例,研究了胃癌、食管癌、肝癌、宫颈癌、肺癌、大肠癌、白血病、鼻咽癌、乳腺癌死亡率与人群生存区土壤环境中碘元素的关系.结果表明,胃癌、食管癌、肝癌、宫颈癌、鼻咽癌死亡率与碘元素有相关性.     

中国大肠癌与土壤环境中元素的相关性研究

利用土壤元素资料2069448个数据,大肠癌死亡调查资料42480例,研究了大肠癌死亡率与土壤环境中砷、镉、钴、铬、铜、氟、汞、锰、镍、铅、硒、钒、锌、锂、钠、钾、铷、铯、银、铍、镁、钙、锶、钡、硼、铝、镓、铟、铊、钪、钇、镧、铈、镨、钕、钐、铕、钆、铽、镝、钬、铒、铥、镱、镥、钍、铀、锗、锡、钛、锆、铪、锑、铋、钽、碲、钼、钨、溴、碘、铁等61个元素的相关性.结果表明.砷、钒、铯、铊、铀、锑元素与大肠癌死亡率有相关性.等级相关分数分别为-0.5123(p＜0.005),-0.3179(p＜0.05),-0.3190(p＜0.05),-0.4552(p＜0.01),-0.4857(p＜0.005),-0.3232(p＜0.05)     

浙江省恶性肿瘤的环境地球化学研究

利用区域地球化学资料开展浙江省恶性肿瘤的地球化学环境影响因素的研究。恶性肿瘤标化死亡率受地球化学综合因素影响．应用微量元素对各类恶性肿瘤标化死亡率的相关阵和逐步回归方程定量地研究各类恶性肿瘤与地质环境中微量元素的关系。胃癌、肝癌、肺癌、肠癌、食管瘤、白血病与铁族元素及Ba、Zr、Mo的背景密切相关,宫颈癌、鼻咽癌、乳腺癌与Cu、Pb、Zn元素的背景相关,稀土元素对恶性肿瘤有压抑作用。浙江省恶性肿瘤的流行受区域地质构造控制和地球化学环境制约,具明显地域性分布特征。     

江西省白血病与地形地貌类型的关系

通过对地形地貌资料4502个数据,白血病死亡调查资料2239例,研究了白血病死亡率与人群生存区的地形地貌类型（山区、丘陵、岗地、平原）的相关性。结果表明,山区、岗地、平原与白血病死亡率有明显的相关性,等级相关系数分别为-0．1963（P＜0．05）,0．2925（P＜0．0025）,0．3122（P＜0．0025）。     

化探样品中微量铀的示波极谱测定

在醋酸－醋酸钠－铜铁试剂一二苯胍体系中对微量铀进行极谱测定。在峰电位为－１．１７Ｖ，铀浓度在０．０５μｇ·ｍＬ￣（－１）－２μｇ·ｍＬ￣（－１）之间时铀的浓度与峰电流成线性关系。本方法选用碳酸铵小体积沉淀分离干扰元素，直接取其清液测定微量铀。最低检出限为０．０２μｇ·ｍＬ￣（－１）。     

莺歌海盆地上中新统黄流组海底扇砂岩元素地球化学特征及地质意义

基于砂岩岩心样品元素地球化学资料对莺歌海盆地东方区上中新统黄流组一段海底扇砂体的源岩类型、风化程度及构造背景进行了分析。以平均大陆上地壳（ＵＣＣ）对主量元素做标准化处理,结果显示ＳｉＯ２ 略显示富集,ＣａＯ 和 ＴｉＯ２ 仅４个样品相对富集,其他大部分样品主量元素均显示相对亏损特征。稀土元素配分模式呈现轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损特征,轻稀土元素与重稀土元素比值介于７．５８～１１．１２之间（平均９．２８）,（Ｌａ／Ｙｂ）Ｎ 介于７．１５～１３．５５之间（平均１１．０４）,（Ｇｄ／Ｙｂ）Ｎ 介于１．３４～２．０７之间（平均１．８１）,Ｅｕ元素显示负异常,δＥｕ介于０．４８～０．７０之间（平均０．６４）,且样品的配分模式与 ＵＣＣ 相似,Ａｌ２Ｏ３／ＴｉＯ２＝１１．０３～１７．０２（平均１４．４８）,以及ｗ（Ｋ２Ｏ）－ｗ（Ｒｂ）和ｗ（ＴｉＯ２）－ｗ（Ｚｒ）图解均表明源岩为中性－长英质火山岩。化学蚀变指数（ＣＩＡ）值（５６．４８～６８．９７）、长石蚀变指数（ＰＩＡ）值（５８．９０～７５．７８）、Ａ－ＣＮ－Ｋ 图解表明黄流组砂岩经历了中等强度的风化作用。Ｔｈ－Ｓｃ－Ｚｒ／１０三角图、ｗ（ＴｉＯ２）－ｗ（Ｆｅ２Ｏ３＋ＭｇＯ）判别图解以及主量元素判别图解均显示源区具有碰撞环境特征（主动大陆边缘或大陆岛弧）,且稀土元素配分模式与越南物源相似。综合可知,西部昆嵩隆起的中性－长英质火山岩为研究区主要物质来源。      

中国土壤中化学元素与宫颈癌的相关性研究

本文利用中国土壤元素资料2 069 448个数据,宫颈癌死亡调查资料119 760例,研究了宫颈癌死亡率与人群生存的土壤环境中As、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、F、№、Mn、Ni、Pb、Se等64个元素的相关性.结果表明,宫颈癌的发病率与土壤环境中化学元素的含量具较强的相关性.     

滇西地区重力潮汐观测资料的分析处理及潮汐基准参数的确定

本文使用Ｎａｋａｉ预处理和Ｖｅｎｅｄｉｋｏｖ调和分析方法，对滇西地区下关台ＧＳ１５－２２７重力仪１９８７－１９９２年观测资料和丽江台ＥＴ－２２重力仪１９９１－１９９２年的观测资料进行了分析处理，并对其计算结果进行了仪器动力学特征及惯性和海潮负荷改正，进而确定滇西地区潮汐基准参数为：δ（０１）＝１．１６６±０．００１，δ（Ｍ２）＝１．１６３±０．０００，（０１）＝－０．３８±０．０８，（Ｍ２）＝－０．３２±０．０８     

粤南长蛇山分异Ｉ型花岗岩的年代学、地球化学特征及其构造意义

在年代学、岩石学、地球化学和Ｓｒ－Ｎｄ－Ｈｆ同位素组成等研究的基础上,探讨了广东南部长蛇山花岗岩的岩石成因及其对区域晚中生代构造背景的指示意义。ＬＡ－ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ锆 石 Ｕ－Ｐｂ测 年结 果 显 示,长蛇山花岗岩形成于中侏罗世晚期（１６３ Ｍａ）。花岗岩具有富硅、富碱更 富 钾,贫 磷,准 铝－弱 过 铝 质（Ａ／ＣＮＫ＝０．９８～１．１１）,富 集大离子亲石元素（如 Ｒｂ、Ｔｈ、Ｕ、Ｐｂ）,亏损高 场 强 元 素（如 Ｎｂ、Ｚｒ、Ｔｉ）及 Ｂａ、Ｓｒ等 特征。Ｐ２Ｏ５ 与 ＳｉＯ２ 表现为 负 相关关系,Ｙ 与 Ｒｂ表现正相关关系,总体表现出高钾钙碱性分异Ｉ型 花 岗 岩 特 征,与 同 期 次“南 岭 系 列”花 岗 岩 相似。长蛇山花岗岩具有相对低的（８７
Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ）ｉ 值（０．７０５５４～０．７０９４０）和高的εＮｄ（ｔ）值（－４．６～－０．４）,相应的 Ｎｄ同位素两阶段模式年龄为０．９９～１．３３Ｇａ,锆石原位 Ｈｆ同位素组成变化大（εＨｆ（ｔ）＝－７．９～＋４．５,ｔＤＭ２ ＝０．９９～
１．８１Ｇａ）。元素及同位素结果表明,长蛇山花岗岩可能源自中元古代古老地壳物质的部分熔融,形成过程中遭受了显著的幔源物质混染,并经历了长石、磷灰石和富钛矿物相等的分异结晶。长 蛇 山 分 异Ｉ型 花 岗 岩 可 能 与“南岭系列”花岗岩具有相同的构造背景,形成于古太平洋板块俯冲作用下的弧后伸展环境。      

河南南召水洞岭矿区石英角斑岩岩石化学特征

在野外地质工作基础上,运用岩石地球化学方法,通过主量元素、稀土元素和微量元素研究,探讨了水洞岭矿区石英角斑岩的岩石化学特征、形成环境及其与成矿的关系。研究表明:石英角斑岩的ｗ（ＳｉＯ２）＝７３．１１％～７９．３０％,ｗ（Ｋ２Ｏ）＝１．２０％～５．９９％,ｗ（Ｎａ２Ｏ）＝１．５７％～４．６１％,ｗ（Ｋ２Ｏ＋Ｎａ２Ｏ）＝４．８２％～８．６７％,Ｎａ２Ｏ／Ｋ２Ｏ＝０．４５～３．４９,ＡＣＮＫ＝０．９９～１．２５。稀土元素总量ｗ（ΣＲＥＥ）＝７０．１９×１０－６～１９８．７５×１０－６,轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素亏损,轻重稀土元素分馏明显（（Ｌａ／Ｙｂ）Ｎ＝３．６５～８．２０）,Ｅｕ中度至轻度亏损（δＥｕ＝０．５３～０．９６）;大离子亲石元素（Ｒｂ、Ｂａ、Ｔｈ、Ｕ、Ｋ）和 Ｐｂ等元素富集,高场强元素（Ｎｂ、Ｔａ、Ｔｉ、Ｐ）和Ｓｒ等元素亏损。综合表明水洞岭矿区石英角斑岩形成环境类似于洋壳俯冲成因的火山弧环境。      

琼中黎母山-湾岭地区土壤硒、碘分布特征及其影响因素探讨

琼中黎母山-湾岭地区位于海南岛中部,调查发现该地区土壤同时具有富硒、富碘的特征。以研究区表层（0~20 cm）、中层（80~100 cm）、深层（180~200 cm）土壤样品分析结果为基础,探讨了土壤硒、碘的分布特征及其影响因素。结果显示,表层土壤中Se、I质量分数具有高正相关性,并与高程为正相关关系,结合已有研究成果,推断在研究区范围内降雨作用是研究区表层土壤Se、I质量分数空间分布格局的关键影响因素。通过分析表层、中层、深层土壤Se、I质量分数与土壤pH值、总有机碳（TOC）、Al₂O₃、Fe₂O₃质量分数的相关关系和变化规律,总结了研究区Se、I在土壤垂向剖面上的赋存、迁移规律。这些结果可为当地优质土地资源的高效利用提供科学依据,也可为土壤Se来源、迁移研究提供新的证据。      

CONTENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN SOILS OF THE DAM RIVER AND TUOTUO RIVER BASINS

ＣＯＮＴＥＮＴＡＮＤＤＩＳＴＲＩＢＵＴＩＯＮＯＦＴＲＡＣＥＥＬＥＭＥＮＴＳＩＮＳＯＩＬＳＯＦＴＨＥＤＡＭＲＩＶＥＲＡＮＤＴＵＯＴＵＯＲＩＶＥＲＢＡＳＩＮＳ￥ＳｈａｏＱｉｎｇｃｈｕｎ（邵庆春）ＤｅｎｇＷｅｉ（邓伟）ＳｕｎＧｕａｎｇｙｏｕ（孙广友）（Ｃｈ...     

Soil Organic Carbon Contents and Stocks in Coastal Salt Marshes with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Spartina alterniflora</Emphasis> Following an Invasion Chronosequence in the Yellow River Delta,China

Plant invasion alters the fundamental structure and function of native ecosystems by affecting the biogeochemical pools and fluxes of materials and energy. Native (Suaeda salsa) and invasive (Spartina alterniflora) salt marshes were selected to study the effects of Spartina alterniflora invasion on soil organic carbon (SOC) contents and stocks in the Yellow River Delta. Results showed that the SOC contents (g/kg) and stocks (kg/m²) were significantly increased (P < 0.05) after Spartina alterniflora invasion of seven years, especially for the surface soil layer (0–20 cm). The SOC contents exhibited an even distribution along the soil profiles in native salt marshes, while the SOC contents were gradually decreased with depth after Spartina alterniflora invasion of seven years. The natural ln response ratios (LnRR) were applied to identify the effects of short-term Spartina alterniflora invasion on the SOC stocks. We also found that Spartina alterniflora invasion might cause soil organic carbon losses in a short-term phase (2–4 years in this study) due to the negative LnRR values, especially for 20–60 cm depth. And the SOCD in surface layer (0–20 cm) do not increase linearly with the invasive age. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that silt + clay content was exponentially related with SOC in surface layer (Adjusted R2 = 0.43, P < 0.001), suggesting that soil texture could play a key role in SOC sequestration of coastal salt marshes.     

Soil physicochemical properties and vegetation structure along an elevation gradient and implications for the response of alpine plant development to climate change on the northern slopes of the Qilian Mountains

Elevation is one of key factors to affect changes in the environment, particularly changes in conditions of light, water and heat. Studying the soil physicochemical properties and vegetation structure along an elevation gradient is important for understanding the responses of alpine plants andtheir growing environment to climate change. In this study, we studied plant coverage, plant height, species richness, soil water-holding capacity, soil organic carbon(SOC) and total nitrogen(N) on the northern slopes of the Qilian Mountains at elevations from2124 to 3665 m. The following conclusions were drawn:(1) With the increase of elevation, plant coverage and species richness first increased and then decreased, with the maximum values being at 3177 m.Plant height was significantly and negatively correlated with elevation(r=–0.97, P0.01), and the ratio of decrease with elevation was 0.82 cm·100 m-1.(2) Both soil water-holding capacity and soil porosity increased on the northern slopes of the Qilian Mountains with the increase of elevation. The soil saturated water content at the 0-40 cm depth first increased and then stabilized with a further increase of elevation, and the average ratio of increase was2.44 mm·100 m-1. With the increase of elevation, the average bulk density at the 0-40 cm depth first decreased and then stabilized at 0.89 g/cm3.(3) With the increase of elevation, the average SOC content at the 0-40 cm depths first increased and then decreased,and the average total N content at the 0-40 cm depth first increased and then stabilized. The correlation between average SOC content and average total N content reached significant level. According to the results of this study, the distribution of plants showed a mono-peak curve with increasing elevation on the northern slopes of the Qilian Mountains. The limiting factor for plant growth at the high elevation areas was not soil physicochemical properties, and therefore,global warming will likely facilitate the development of plant at high elevation areas in the Qilian Mountains.     

Labile organic matter content and distribution as affected by six-year soil amendments to eroded Chinese mollisols

Labile organic carbon （LOC） is a fraction of soil organic carbon （SOC） with rapid turnover time and is affected by soil fertilization. This investigation characterized the SOC content, LOC content and LOC distribution in the treatment plots of surface soil erosion at five levels （0-, 5-, 10-, 20- and 30-cm erosion）. The soil had received contrasting fertilizer treatments （i.e., chemical fertilizer or chemical fertilizer ＋ manure） for 6 years. This study demonstrated that both SOC and various LOC fractions contents were higher in the plots with fertilizer ＋ manure than in those with fertilizer alone under the same erosion conditions. The SOC and LOC contents de- creased as the erosion depth increased. Light fraction organic carbon, particulate organic carbon, easily oxidizable organic carbon （KMnO4-oxydizable organic carbon）, and microbial biomass carbon were 27% 57%, 37%-7%, 20%-25%, and 29%-33% higher respectively in the fertilizer ＋ manure plots, than in the fertilizer alone plots. Positive correlations （p 〈 0.05） between SOC content and different fractions contents were observed in all plots except the correlation between total SOC content and water-soluble organic carbon content in the different fertilization treatments. Obviously, fertilizer ＋ manure treatments would be conducive to the accumulation of LOC and SOC in the Black soil of Northeast China.     

Transfer and transformation of soil iron and implications for hydrogeomorpholocial changes in Naoli River Catchment,Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China

Wetland soils are characterized by alternating redox process due to the fluctuation of waterlogged conditions. Iron is an important redox substance, and its transfer and transformation in the wetland ecosystem could be an effective indicator for the environment changes. In this paper, we selected the Naoli River catchment in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China as the study area to analyze the dynamics of transfer and transformation of soil iron, and the relationship between iron content change and environmental factors. The results show that the total and crystalline iron contents reach the peak in the depth of 60 cm in soil profile, while the amorphous iron content is higher in the topsoil. In the upper reaches, from the low to high landscape positions, the total and crystalline iron contents decrease from 62.98 g/kg to 41.61 g/kg, 22.82 g/kg to 10.53 g/kg respectively, while the amorphous iron content increases from 2.42 g/kg to 8.88 g/kg. Amorphous iron content has positive correlation with organic matter and soil water contents, while negative correlation with pH. Moreover, both the crystalline and amorphous iron contents present no correlation with total iron content, indicating that environmental factors play a more important role in the transfer and transformation of iron other than the content of the total iron. Different redoximorphic features were found along the soil profile due to the transfer and transformation of iron. E and B horizons of wetland soil in the study area have a matrix Chroma 2 or less, and all the soil types can meet the criteria of American hydric soil indicators except albic soil.     

Distribution of methyl mercury in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rana chensinensis</Emphasis> and environmental media in gold-mining areas of upper reaches of Songhua River,China

The distribution characteristics of methyl mercury in Rana chensinensis and water, sediment and soil in gold-mining areas of the upper reaches of the Songhua River, China were studied by field sampling and laboratory testing. The results show that the methyl mercury contents in water, sediment and soil in gold-mining areas are much higher than those in the control site, indicating that gold-mining activities intensify the methyl mercury pollution in the study area. Methyl mercury contents are in a descending order of sediment > soil > water in the environment, and in a descending order of brain > viscera > muscle > skin in Rana chensinensis. There are significant correlation between methyl mercury contents in Rana chensinensis and those in water and sediment. In particular, the methyl mercury content in the skin of Rana chensinensis is positively correlated with those in water and sediment in spring. Therefore, skin is one of main intake pathways for methyl mercury due to its high permeability.