马粪海胆人工育苗的初步研究

马粪海胆(Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus)是一种经济海产动物，它的生殖腺营养极为丰富，我国明代就有利用海胆生殖腺制酱的记载。由于马粪海胆的生殖腺色泽橙红，因此是加工高级“云丹”的优质原料。此外，海胆的提取物“波乃利宁”(Bonellinin)具有抑制癌细胞生长的作用，因此可以作为研究抗癌药物的材料。据报道，苏联有关学者最近对海胆生殖腺作了测定和分析，     

几种经济类海胆生殖腺的研究进展

本文综合了国内外学者对虾夷马粪海胆、光棘球海胆、马粪海胆、紫海胆等几种经济海胆有关生殖腺方面的研究成果，并根据国外学者对绿球海胆和Psammechinus miliaris等的研究，提出了这方面今后的研究重点。     

马粪海胆生殖腺粗多糖提取工艺研究

采用L9(3~4)正交实验,以马粪海胆(Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus)生殖腺粗多糖得率为指标,研究提取温度、提取时间、料水比、提取次数4个因素对马粪海胆生殖腺粗多糖提取工艺的影响。以正交实验的实验条件和马粪海胆生殖腺粗多糖得率为自变量和因变量建立多元线性模型,所得到的统计参数分别为R=0.922,F=2.854,并用所建立的线性模型预测两个实验条件的多糖得率。     

马粪海胆人工育苗的初步研究

马粪海胆(Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus)是一种经济海产动物,它的生殖腺营养极为丰富,我国明代就有利用海胆生殖腺制酱的记载。由于马粪海胆的生殖腺色泽橙红,因此是加工高级“云丹”的优质原料。此外,海胆的提取物”波乃利宁”(Bonellinin)具有抑制癌细胞生长的作用,因此可以作为研究抗癌药物的材料。据报道,苏联有关学者最近对海胆生殖腺作了测定和分析,认为海胆生殖腺所含的二十烷酸(C_(19)H_(39)COOH)     

马粪海胆的生态研究

１９８５年５月至１９８６年月及１９８７年５月日和１５日，对威海小石岛马粪海胆的生态进行了调查。调查结果表明，小石岛马粪海胆多栖息在藻类繁茂的礁石及其下面杂有砂砾的海底。３令即长到商品规格。４月底生殖腺指数达到最高值２０％左右，５月初当海水温度升到１０－１２℃时，多数个体开始排放，进入生殖期。     

马粪海胆的染色体制备和染色体数目

以马粪海胆胚胎为材料,提出染色体制备方法。并指出马粪海胆染色体数目为2n=46     

马粪海胆不同地区群体形态学比较研究

运用单因子方差分析、主成分分析、聚类分析3种方法,对大连、威海、青岛、嵊泗和南麂5个地区的马粪海胆(Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus)群体(125只)的13个特征进行了比较分析。单因子方差分析结果显示,大连、威海、青岛地区的马粪海胆样品13组数据特征比值参数与另外2个地区的均差异显著(P0.05);主成分分析结果显示,贡献率最大的3种主成份的累计贡献率为75.599%;聚类分析结果显示,大连、威海和青岛地区马粪海胆聚为一支,南麂地区的马粪海胆与嵊泗地区的聚为一支;根据Mayr等提出的75%原则,大连、威海、青岛地区的马粪海胆和南麂、嵊泗地区的马粪海胆的形态差异属种内不同群体间的差异,未到亚种水平。     

世界的海胆渔业

海胆是海洋无脊椎动物的一类 ,属棘皮动物门(Ｅｃｈｉｎｏｄｅｒｍａｔａ) ,海胆纲 (Ｅｃｈｉｎｏｉｄｅａ) ,与海星、海参和海百合等同属一门。海胆的生殖腺可生吃或加工后食用 ,在日本、中国、法国、比利时、希腊、意大利和土耳其等很受欢迎。鲜品海胆生殖腺批发价格约为６０００～１４０００日元／ｋｇ［１］。价格的高低主要在于其颜色、质地和味道 ,其中颜色在日本市场上尤为重要。上乘的海胆生殖腺为黄色或桔黄色 ,质地坚挺。海胆生殖腺含有多种营养成分 ,如蛋白质、氨基酸、高度不饱和脂肪酸、糖类和其他生理活性物质等。其组分和价…     

不同海水酸化模式对马粪海胆胚胎和浮游幼体骨针发育的影响（英文）

为了比较CO_2引起的海水酸化和HCI引起的海水酸化对棘皮动物的影响,本研究以中国北方海岸带土著种-马粪海胆(Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus)为对象,分析比较了两种海水酸化模式对马粪海胆胚胎和骨针发育的影响。根据IPCC对2100年海水酸化程度的预测,在实验室条件下,建立了自然海水组(pH=8.06±0.01)和六个海水酸化处理组(三个CO_2处理组和三个HCI处理组)。结果表明:(1)与自然海水组相比,酸化处理组马粪海胆胚胎的卵裂率呈现随海水pH下降而延长的趋势,与HCI酸化处理相比,CO_2处理对马粪海胆胚胎卵裂率的影响更为严重;(2)两种海水酸化模式下,马粪海胆浮游幼体四腕浮游幼体均出现对称性缺失和骨针外露现象;(3)与自然海水组相比,两种海水酸化模式对马粪海胆四腕浮游幼体骨针发育具有不同影响,HCI酸化处理组浮游幼体呈现骨针变短现象,而CO_2处理组四腕幼体的骨针则出现变长现象;(4)扫描电镜结果显示,海水酸化可影响马粪海胆浮游幼体骨针的钙化结构,当海水△pH=-0.5时,CO_2处理组马粪海胆浮游幼体骨针的腐蚀程度要比HCI处理组更为严重。本研究结果提示,不同的海水酸化模式对马粪海胆胚胎和骨针发育有不同程度的影响,相比强酸(HCI)引起的海水酸化而言,CO_2引起的海水酸化对马粪海胆的影响更为严重。     

海胆的药用价值

海胆是海洋中的一种棘皮动物,品种有马粪海胆、紫海胆、光棘珠海胆、细雕刻肋海胆等,具有很高的营养和药用价值。我国沿海均有生长,主要喜居浅海中岩礁多、藻类丰富的地方,以海藻类为食。     

盐度及饵料对马粪海胆幼体生长发育及变态的影响

本文以马粪海胆为研究对象 ,对其成熟卵的受精率与受精卵的孵化过程以及其浮游幼体在不同实验条件下的生长发育进行研究。研究结果表明 :盐度在 2 7～ 35间的受精率可达95 %左右 ,最适盐度为 31,受精率可达 10 0 % ,盐度高于 35或低于 2 7受精率都将明显下降 ;以角毛藻作为马粪海胆浮游幼体的饵料效果最好 ,成活率可达 6 0 % ,体长可达 76 9μm ;早期投饵密度为 10 4 cell/mL ,后期投饵密度为 8× 10 4 cell/mL ;三角褐指藻饵料效果略差于角毛藻 ,扁藻适宜作为马粪海胆浮游幼体后期饵料。     

Cross-calibration of brightness temperature obtained by FY-3B/MWRI using Aqua/AMSR-E data for snow depth retrieval in the Arctic

This study cross-calibrated the brightness temperatures observed in the Arctic by using the FY-3B/MWRI L1 and the Aqua/AMSR-E L2A. The monthly parameters of the cross-calibration were determined and evaluated using robust linear regression. The snow depth in case of seasonal ice was calculated by using parameters of the crosscalibration of data from the MWRI T_b. The correlation coefficients of the H/V polarization among all channels T_b of the two sensors were higher than 0.97. The parameters of the monthly cross-calibration were useful for the snow depth retrieval using the MWRI. Data from the MWRI T_b were cross-calibrated to the AMSR-E baseline.Biases in the data of the two sensors were optimized to approximately 0 K through the cross-calibration, the standard deviations decreased significantly in the range of 1.32 K to 2.57 K, and the correlation coefficients were as high as 99%. An analysis of the statistical distributions of the histograms before and after cross-calibration indicated that the FY-3B/MWRI T_b data had been well calibrated. Furthermore, the results of the cross-calibration were evaluated by data on the daily average T_b at 18.7 GHz, 23.8 GHz, and 36.5 GHz(V polarization), and at 89 GHz(H/V polarization), and were applied to the snow depths retrieval in the Arctic. The parameters of monthly cross-calibration were found to be effective in terms of correcting the daily average T_b. The results of the snow depths were compared with those of the calibrated MWRI and AMSR-E products. Biases of 0.18 cm to 0.38 cm were observed in the monthly snow depths, with the standard deviations ranging from 4.19 cm to 4.80 cm.     

Application of LICOM to the numerical study of the water exchangebetween the South China Sea and its adjacent oceans

1 IntroductionThe South China Sea (SCS) is the largestmarginal sea in the western Pacific (see Fig. 1). It con-nects with the SCS through the Taiwan Strait, with thePacific through the Luzon Strait, with the Sulu Seathrough the Mindoro and Balabac Straits and with theJava Sea and Andaman Sea through the Sunda Shelf(For convenience, here we refer to the section at 1.5°N,Fig. 2). It is shown that the seasonal SCS circulation ismostly affected by the summer/winter monsoon, andthe no…     

海胆未受精卵子存在类副肌球蛋白质

非肌肉运动蛋白近期已有综合报道,主要叙述了肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白在真核细胞存在的形式、结构和功能。如在海胆、海星的精、卵子方面的报道;另外亦有少量的文献报道了原肌球蛋白在非肌肉细胞中存在的位置、结构和功能。至于对结构和功能尚不很清楚的副肌     

Lunar monthly and fortnightly tides in the Russian Arctic seas

Characteristic features of the spatial distribution of monthly and fortnightly tides in the Barents, Kara, Laptev, East Siberian, and Chukchi seas are considered on the basis of a harmonic analysis of multiannual observations of the sea level at 57 stations. The amplitude and phase responses are close to the static values only for the monthly tide in the Barents Sea. In the Kara Sea, the dynamic component of the tide becomes traceable. The tide demonstrates a dynamical behavior throughout the remaining area. The fortnightly tide demonstrates a clearly expressed dynamical behavior with an increasing progressive type of the wave from the west to the east.     

Allelopathic growth inhibition of Heterosigma akashiwo by the three Ulva spcieces (Ulva Pertusa, Ulva Linza, Enteromorpha intestinalis) under laboratory conditions

Allelopathic effects of several concentrations of fresh tissue,dry powder and dry tissue of three bloom-forming green macroalgae Ulva pertusa,Ulva linza and Enteromopha intestinalis on the red tide microalga Heterosigma akashiwo were evaluated in microcosms systems.The effects of macroalgae culture medium filtrate were investigated on H.akashiwo using initial or semi-continuous filtrate addition.Preliminary studies on the algicidal effects of one aqueous and four organic solvent extracts from the macroalgae on the microalga were carried out to confirm the existence of allelochemicals in the tissue of these macroalgae.The dry powder of U.pertusa was extracted with methanol,and the methanol extracts were partitioned to petroleum ether phase,ethyl acetate phase,butanol phase and distilled phase by liquid-liquid fractionation.The bioassays of the activity of every fraction were carried out on H.akashiwo.The resultant microcosms assay showed that the growth of H.akashiwo was strongly inhibited by using fresh tissues,dry powder or dry tissue of these three macroalgae,while aqueous and methanol extracts of both macroalgae had strong inhibitory effects on the growth of H.akashiwo,and the EC 50 values for methanol extract of U.pertusa,U.linza or E.intestinalis were 0.016,0.028×10-12 or 0.033×10-12,respectively.While the other three organic solvent extracts（acetone,ether and chloroform） had no apparent effect on its growth,this suggests that the allelochemicals from these three macroalgae had relatively high polarities.The activity of petroleum ether phase,ethyl acetate phase,butanol phase and distilled phase of U.pertusa methanol extract was carried out on H.akashiwo indicating that petroleum ether phase and ethyl acetate phase had stronger algicidal effect on H.akashiwo.The inhibition effect of the ethyl acetate phase was not as strong as that of petroleum ether phase,and effective concentration of petroleum ether phase was 17 mg/L for H.akashiwo.However,no significant algicidal effects were observed on the butanol phase and distilled water phase.These three macroalgae＇s culture medium filtrate exhibited no apparent growth inhibitory effect on the microalga under initial filtrate addition whereas the growth of H.akashiwo was significantly inhibited under semi-continuous filtrate addition,which suggests that continuous release of small quantities of rapidly degradable allelochemicals from the fresh tissue of both macroalgae was effective in inhibiting the growth of H.akashiwo.     

On the problem of influence of the North Atlantic and Southern Oscillations on the variability of surface air temperature in the European-Mediterranean region in summer and autumn

On the basis of reanalysis of the data of the European Center of Medium-Range Weather Forecasts for 1979–1993, the interannual and monthly variability of the surface air temperature (SAT) in the European-Mediterranean region for summer and autumn with regard for the influence of the North Atlantic (NAO) and Southern (SO) Oscillations have been studied. The NAO manifests itself on a significant level from August to October and is responsible for up to 55% of the variance of monthly average SAT in the north part of the European region. This phenomenon is caused by the intensification of zonal circulation and enhanced transport of warm Atlantic air masses to Northern Europe. A general trend toward a decrease in the variance of monthly average SAT in the mature phase of the NAO is observed over the most part of Europe. In this case, the NAO is responsible for up to 35% of monthly fluctuations of SAT in summer, up to 45% in September, and up to 65% in October. As the SO index sharply decreases and an event of El Niño develops in the Pacific, the maximum variance of SAT in the European-Mediterranean region in summer significantly increases within the two-week range of variability. Up to 25% of the variance of fluctuations of SAT in summer within the indicated range of variability are, in this case, induced by the SO.Translated from Morskoi Gidrofizicheskii Zhurnal, No. 5, pp. 64–70, September–October, 2004.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to cover date.     

Effect of certain geo-and heliophysical factors on the variability of ozone and UV irradiance fields in the tropics

The variability of the fields of the total ozone content (TOC) and UV erythemal irradiance in the tropical region (30°S–30°N) is studied. The fields of monthly means of the TOC and erythemal irradiance that are based on the TOMS 8 and SBUV 8 satellite observations over the period from 1979 through 2003, with preliminarily eliminated the linear trend and the seasonal cycle, were used as the initial data. The application of the method of empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) to analysis of initial series made it possible to identify the characteristic spatial and temporal patterns in the fields of TOC and UV-irradiance anomalies that are closely related to solar activity and elements of the atmospheric general circulation, such as the quasi-biennial oscillation and El Niño (La Niña) phenomena. Quantitative estimates and analysis of the fields of TOC and UV-irradiance variations are presented in the study. The revealed spatial, temporal, and phase relations of the fields of ozone variations to some geo-and heliophysical factors are used in the regression model proposed for estimating monthly means of TOC in the tropics and based on the EOF decomposition.     

链状亚历山大藻组蛋白H3基因克隆与生长过程中的表达分析

链状亚历山大藻(Alexandrium catenella)是一种典型的产毒赤潮甲藻。甲藻曾被认为没有组蛋白,但近年来在多种甲藻中检测到全部四个核心组蛋白的活跃转录,而目前对甲藻中组蛋白表达模式与具体功能还缺乏深入的研究。本文报道了链状亚历山大藻组蛋白H3变体之一H3.c的全长ORF序列的克隆和分析;分析了链状亚历山大藻生长过程中组蛋白H3在基因和蛋白水平的表达。目前研究发现的链状亚历山大藻H3变体共三个,其中H3.b在N末端序列与其他物种差异最大,为链状亚历山大藻特有的H3变体。对数生长期的组蛋白H3在基因与蛋白水平上均活跃表达,但表达量并不会随着爆发性增长而显著变化,其中H3.b的基因表达在对数末期呈现上调;培养至衰亡期,各H3变体表达均下调,尤其在蛋白水平上呈现明显衰减。结合前期研究,本文认为链状亚历山大藻三个H3均为复制非依赖型(RI)变体,一些变体可响应伴随藻不断生长而逐渐增强的细胞密度等复杂胁迫,推测其参与某些表观遗传修饰,调控生长进程;而衰亡期基于H3的表观遗传调控受到抑制。