内蒙古二连盆地三叠系

根据二连盆地阿拉坦合力凹陷内坦参1井钻及的以红色砂泥岩为主的地层及其中分析出来的孢粉化石建立了伊和高勒组、吉尔嘎郎图组、代喇嘛庙组和沙木尔吉组4个新的岩石地层单位,根据前三个组中所包含的3个孢粉组合(从上到下为:Osmundacidites-Aratrisporites-Apiculatisporis-Cycadopites组合、Li matulasporites-Annu-lispora-Monosulcites组合和Li matulasporites-Lundbladispora-Florinites组合)可以确定伊和高勒组和吉尔嘎郎图组的时代为中三叠世,代喇嘛庙组的时代为早三叠世,二连盆地的三叠系可以和新疆、陕西、江苏及河南等地的相应地层较好地进行对比。     

大兴安岭南段幸福之路组新认识及区域对比

晚二叠世—中三叠世是中亚造山带东段构造演化过程中承上启下的关键地质时期,涉及古亚洲洋的最终闭合、沉积环境剧变等重大地质问题。重新实测了晚二叠世—早三叠世幸福之路组一段、二段的建组剖面,运用同位素测年和孢粉化石综合研究的方法,结合野外观察及前人资料,提出对幸福之路组沉积序列的新认识：幸福之路组为以红层出现作为划分标志的一套砂泥岩夹火山岩沉积,原划为幸福之路组一段的砾岩时代晚于原二段、三段,时代不老于中三叠世,不宜划入幸福之路组。研究区上二叠统与下三叠统为连续沉积,晚二叠世晚期盆地边缘开始出现红层沉积(幸福之路组),同时期盆地中心仍为灰黑色、灰绿色砂泥岩沉积(林西组上部),林西组上部与幸福之路组下部为同时异相沉积。结合区域地质特征推测,晚二叠世—早三叠世,研究区处于整体隆升阶段,古亚洲洋应闭合于早三叠世之后。     

广西桂林地区晚三叠世孢粉组合及其地层意义

广西桂林地区首次发现晚三叠世孢粉化石２７属３７种,可称为Ｄｉｃｔｙｏｐｈｙｌｉｄｉｔｅｓ－Ｃａｎａｌｉ－ｚｏｎｏｓｐｏｒａ－Ｏｖａｌｉｐｏｌｉｓ－Ｒｉｃｃｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ组合,其中的主要属种在国内外均为晚三叠世的重要分子,并可与我国华南地区和欧洲有关晚三叠世孢粉组合进行对比。因此,当前组合的地质时代属于晚三叠世,这填补了桂林地区中生代地质发展史中的一个空白。     

塔里木盆地北缘晚三叠世孢粉组合及三叠系-侏罗系界线

Ｄｉｃｔｙｏｐｈｙｌｉｄｉｔｅｓ－Ａｒａｔｒｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ－Ｐａｒａｔａｅｎｉａｅｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ组合分布在塔里木盆地北缘上三叠统黄山街组和塔里奇克组内,上亚组合属于晚三叠世晚期。根据孢粉组合将塔里木盆地北缘三叠系－侏罗系的界线划在塔里奇克组与阿合组之间     

内蒙巴彦浩特盆地东部上石炭统靖远组孢子花粉

巴彦浩特盆地的上石炭统靖远组与羊虎沟组为连续沉积,厚度４７７．５ｍ。经２９块岩样分析鉴定,发现孢子花粉５１属９５种（含２新种）和３粒不能鉴定的分子。根据孢粉的纵向演化,可分为上下两个组合带,下组合：Ｔｒｉｐａｒｔｉｔｅｓｖｅｔｕｓｔｕｓ－Ｔｒｉｑｕｉｔｒｉｔｅｓｔｒｉｂｕｌａｔｕｓ组合（简称ＶＴ带）,分布于巴参２井３７７９～３５７０ｍ井段,该孢子带具环孢类含量较低,未发现单缝孢Ｌａｅｖｉｇａｔｏｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ和Ｐｕｎｃｔａｔｏｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ以及不能归类的Ｔｒｉｎｉｄｕｌｕｓｄｉａｍｐｈｉｄｉｏｓ;上组合：Ｓｉｎｕｓｐｏｒｅｓｓｉｎｕａｔｕｓ—Ｃｒａｓｉｓ－ｐｏｒａｋｏｓａｎｋｅｉ组合（简称ＳＫ带）,分布于同一井的３５７０～３３０１．５ｍ井段,孢粉丰度较下组合高得多,具环孢子含量一般在５０％以上,花粉含量增高。地质时代属晚石炭世早期（纳缪尔Ｂ—Ｃ期）。     

湖南汝城盆地原定中侏罗世地层发现早白垩世孢粉组合

通过对湖南汝城盆地原定为中侏罗统的李家洞水库剖面28个孢粉样品的分析处理,发现24个样品有孢粉化石,化石呈现早白垩世孢粉化石组合特征。发现的早白垩世特征分子有高含量的无突肋纹孢Cicatricosisporites,徐氏孢Hsuisporites,刺毛孢Pilosisporites,膜环弱缝孢Aequitriradites,二连粉Erlianpollis,有突肋纹孢Appendicisporites,微囊粉Parvisaccites,以及少量被子植物花粉。依据孢粉化石组合特征,建议将本剖面时代重新厘定为早白垩世。     

辽宁北部秀水盆地秀D1井孢粉组合及其地层意义

孢粉化石采自辽宁省北部秀水盆地的秀D1井,分析、鉴定和系统研究结果表明,来自秀D1井井深62.1~1089.7m的孢粉化石自下而上划分为3个孢粉组合,下部孢粉组合(井深703.85~1089.7m)以Osmundacidites-Klukisporites-Podocarpidites为代表,地质时代为晚侏罗世堤塘期(Tithonian),中部孢粉组合(井深381.5~699.3m)以Densoisporites-Cicatricosisporites-Piceaepollenites为代表,地质时代为早白垩世贝里阿斯期(Berriassian),上部孢粉组合(井深62.1~339m)以Cicatricosisporites-Impardecispora-Pinuspollenites为代表,地质时代为早白垩世凡兰吟期—欧特里夫期(Valanginian-Hauterivian)。秀D1井钻遇地层所含孢粉组合特征在区域上可以与冀北地区大北沟组,辽宁西部地区下白垩统义县组、九佛堂组,松辽盆地东南缘下白垩统火石岭组、沙河子组所产的孢粉组合对比。含孢粉组合地层时代的确定解决了井柱地层的划分,以及与区域地层的对比关系,同时为区域地层古生物研究提供了翔实的基础资料。     

哈萨克斯坦曼格什拉克盆地构造演化与油气系统研究

本文基于古板块再造方法和盆地勘探资料,结合前人研究成果,详细研究了曼格什拉克盆地沉积、构造演化阶段与油气系统对应关系。晚石炭世—早二叠世图兰地台周缘大陆(西伯利亚、哈萨克斯坦与塔里木古陆等)汇聚作用影响,导致盆地下古生界基底被花岗岩侵入,组成盆地非均质褶皱基底。晚二叠世—早三叠世由古特提斯洋向图兰地台南缘的长期俯冲作用决定了盆地内部后期沉积格局。盆地主要经历了二叠纪—晚三叠世裂谷期、早侏罗世—始新世断拗转换和渐新世—更新世挤压变形等演化阶段。中—上三叠统泥岩和中—下侏罗统海陆过渡相黑色泥岩是盆地主力烃源岩,中三叠系碳酸盐岩(含凝灰岩)、下侏罗统和下白垩统陆相碎屑岩是主要储集岩,而中三叠统凝灰质泥岩和上侏罗统泥岩—泥灰岩是盆地主要区域性盖层。盆地由形成于渐新世—更新世挤压背下的背斜和断背斜圈闭为主。三叠系地层中源油沿着不整合面或沿着断层垂向运移,而在热德拜—乌津阶地侏罗系源油沿着断层垂向运移至上覆地层圈闭中。较弱的板块碰撞远程效应和优越的生储盖条件是源油保存的前提条件。通过油藏连井剖面,观察得知:沿着NW—SE方向,花岗岩体呈连续性分布,发育方向与二叠纪花岗岩侵入带基本一致,可作为今后勘探重点方向。这对里海区域常规与非常规油气勘探开发,以及"一带一路"政策背景下的能源保障具有重要理论和现实意义。     

新疆哈密坳陷早三叠世孢粉组合及其地层意义

哈密坳陷早三叠世古生物记录甚少。从哈参 2井 80 1.5 m- 16 39.5 m井段的泥岩中发现了较为丰富的孢粉化石 ,并可划分为两个组合 :L imatulasporites- Cyclogranisporites- Alisporites组合和 L imatulasporites- L undbladis-pora- Taeniaesporites组合。根据孢粉组合特征及其对比 ,两组合的地质时代应属早三叠世 ,这为哈密坳陷确立下三叠统的存在提供了重要的古生物依据     

大兴安岭中南部宝日勿苏地区宝D1井早白垩世孢粉化石

通过对大兴安岭中南部宝日勿苏地区地质调查井宝D1井井深22~255.70m井段发现的孢粉化石的系统分析研究,共获得孢粉化石47属65种（包括未定种）.根据孢粉化石属种类型及其含量和变化特征,将孢粉化石组合划为Lycopodiacidites-Densoisporites-Piceaepollenites组合,时代为早白垩世早期,孢粉化石赋存地层相当于白音高老组.通过系统分析孢粉组合中主要孢粉属种及其母体植物的生长环境,推测大兴安岭中南部地区在早白垩世早期为暖温带-亚热带气候条件.同时旱生植物的大量出现,表明该区在早白垩世早期受到了干旱气候的影响,但与典型的干旱环境不同,推断与当时的火山活动有关.     

中国三叠纪孢粉组合特征及其分区的初步探讨

文中介绍了我国陆相三叠纪的地层概况,重点对我国南北方孢粉组合进行了初步总结,并建立了三叠纪孢粉组合带。北方分三个带、四个亚带;南方(除早三叠世外)建立了三个组合带。同时根据孢粉组合特征,初步探讨了三叠纪的植物分区。     

Petroleum geology and exploration direction of gas province in deepwater area of North Carnarvon Basin,Australia

North Carnarvon Basin is a gas province with minor oily sweet spots in deepwater area with water depth more than 500 m, which is one of the hot spots of global petroleum exploration for its series of giant hydrocarbon discoveries in recent years. However, the degree of oil and gas exploration in deepwater area is still low, and the conditions for oil and gas accumulation are not clear. Based on the current exploration situation and latest database of fields, applying multidisciplinary analysis of hydrocarbon geology, hydrocarbon accumulation elements and its exploration direction of North Carnarvon Basin in deepwater area are analyzed. The results show that there are three sets of main source rocks in deepwater area of North Carnarvon Basin, which are Triassic marine shale in Locker Formation and delta coal-bearing mudstone with thin carbonaceous mudstone in Mungaroo Formation, Lower –Middle Jurassic paralic carbargilite and coal measure strata in Athol Formation and Murat Formation, Cretaceous delta mudstone in Barrow Group and marine shale in Muderong Formation. Most source rock samples show gas-prone capability. The coarse sandstone of delta facies in Middle–Upper Triassic Mungaroo Formation is the most important reservoir in deepwater area, Lower Cretaceous Barrow Group deep-water gravity flow or underwater fan turbidite sandstone is the secondly main reservoir. Lower Cretaceous marine shale in Muderong Formation is most important regional caprock. Triassic mudstone in Mungaroo Formation is an important interlayer caprock in deepwater area. There are two main reservoir accumulation assemblages in deepwater area, one is Triassic structural-unconformity plane reservoir accumulation assemblage of Locker Formation to Mungaroo Formation, and the other is Lower–Middle Jurassic Athol Formation and Murat Formation–Lower Cretaceous stratigraphic lithology-structural reservoir accumulation assemblage of Barrow Group to Muderong Formation. There are three main control factors of hydrocarbon Accumulation: One is coupling of source and seal control hydrocarbon distribution area, the second is multi-stage large wave dominated deltas dominate accumulation zone, the third is direction of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in hydrocarbon-rich generation depression was controlled by overpressure. The south of Exmouth platform in deepwater area is adjacent to hydrocarbon rich depression zone, reservoir assemblage is characterized by “near source rocks, excellent reservoir facies, high position and excellent caprocks ”, which is the main battlefield of deepwater oil and gas exploration in North Carnarvon Basin at present. There are a lot of fault block traps in the northern structural belt of Exmouth platform, and the favorable sedimentary facies belt at the far end of delta plain in Mungaroo Formation is widely distributed, which is the next favorable exploration zone. The Lower Cretaceous, which is located at the concave edge uplift adjacent to the investigator depression and the Exmouth platform, also has a certain exploration prospect in northwest of deepwater area.     

准噶尔盆地西南缘四棵树地区西山窑组孢粉组合及古气候意义

四棵树凹陷位于准噶尔盆地南缘西段乌苏市境内,蕴含丰富的油气和煤炭资源.由于匮乏化石证据,制约四棵树凹陷侏罗纪地层的地质时代的确定.对西山窑组沉积环境和孢粉分析研究,恢复重建了其古环境,探讨了本区中西山窑时期的植被演替及环境演变.西山窑组岩性以泥质细砂岩、浅灰绿色泥岩、粉砂岩、泥岩为主.通过对孢粉化石分析研究,建立了Cy...     

新疆四棵树地区西山窑组孢粉组合及古气候意

四棵树凹陷位于准噶尔盆地南缘西段乌苏市境内,蕴含丰富的油气和煤炭资源。由于匮乏化石证据,制约四棵树凹陷侏罗纪地层的地质时代的确定。对西山窑组沉积环境和孢粉分析研究,恢复重建了其古环境,探讨了本区中西山窑时期的植被演替及环境演变。西山窑组岩性以泥质细砂岩、浅灰绿色泥岩、粉砂岩、泥岩为主。通过对孢粉化石分析研究,建立了Cyathidites minor—Osmundacidites —Cycadopites—Disacciatrileti（COCD）孢粉组合。组合中蕨类植物孢子与裸子植物花粉含量大体相当,蕨类植物孢子以紫萁科的Osmundacidites为主,桫椤科孢子也有一定含量,其他常见分子包括Deltoidospora、Neoraistrickia等,裸子植物以松柏类两气囊花粉含量为主,均为我国侏罗纪常见属种。通过对西山窑组孢粉植物群的分析,认为西山窑组孢粉组合时代属于中侏罗世早期,该孢粉植物群总体上反映了温暖湿润的热带—亚热带气候特点,植被类型以针阔混交林为主。     

The First Upper Triassic Vertebrate Locality in Antarctica

In December 1999 we collected bones of two small reptiles from Upper Triassic mudstone on Mount Dearborn in southern Victoria Land, Antarctica. One specimen includes indeterminate limb fragments of a small reptile and the other is a tusk of a small dicynodont. We found both specimens in loose clasts on a slope of fine-grained strata above the second major channel-form sandstone above the base of member C in the Lashly Formation. The fossils occur in medium gray mudstone of the same lithology as the surrounding bedrock. Lashly member C at Mount Dearborn and in southern Victoria Land is composed of fining-upward cycles. At Mount Dearborn the cycles begin with channel-form, medium- to fine-grained sandstone. Quartz pebbles and cobbles occur at the base and in lenses with mudstone clasts. Lenses of coal occur along bedding planes and scours. The cycles fine upward gradually from sandstone to siltstone and carbonaceous mudstone with coal at the top. The Dicroidium flora is better preserved in the upper part of the cycles. A palynomorph assemblage from one of the bone-bearing samples suggests a Late Triassic (Carnian) age for the locality.This is the first report of Upper Triassic vertebrates in Antarctica and also of terrestrial vertebrates in Victoria Land. All previous vertebrate localities have been in non-carbonaceous beds in the central Transantarctic Mountains. The discovery expands the sequence of tetrapod occurrences in Lower, Middle and Upper Triassic and Lower Jurassic rocks in the Transantarctic Mountains. It appears that reptilian faunas managed to inhabit high latitudes (>60°), at least intermittently, for a period of 50 million years, suggesting a relatively warm climate for parts of Antarctica during those times.     

鄂尔多斯东北部中侏罗世孢粉化石及古气候意义

鄂尔多斯盆地东北部内蒙古伊金霍洛旗乌兰木伦地区是我国重要的能源矿产地,含煤岩系赋存在侏罗系延安组中,延安组岩石组合以灰白色砂岩、灰色粉砂岩、灰色泥岩为主,夹多层煤层;延安组上覆直罗组以灰色、灰绿色砂岩、灰色粉砂岩、紫红色泥岩为主。通过对乌兰木伦地区武家塔露天煤矿剖面延安组和直罗组孢粉化石分析,在延安组中识别出Cyathidites-Lycopodiumsporites-Neoraistrickia-Cycadopites孢粉组合带,以桫椤科、石松科孢子繁盛,紫萁科孢子和单沟/原始沟类、松柏类两气囊花粉发育,卷柏科孢子及柏科花粉较常见为主要特征,时代为中侏罗世早期(阿林期—巴柔期)。根据延安组孢粉母体植物的生态环境分析,本区在这一沉积时期的气候属于温暖湿润的亚热带—温带型气候。直罗组孢粉化石较少,主要见Cyathidites minor,Osmundacidites parvus,Concentrisporites fragilis,Cycadopites spp.等。综合地层岩性、孢粉组合及古植被分析,延安组到直罗组沉积时期总体上呈现从温暖湿润的亚热带—温带型向半干旱—干旱炎热型的气候...     

准噶尔盆地四棵树剖面孢粉组合及三叠系-侏罗系界线

在实测四棵树剖面的基础上,详细研究了其孢粉组合特征,建立了5个孢粉组合:1)Cameratitriletes和Zonotriletes-Protopinus-Cycadopites组合,2)Cyatheaceae-Pinaceae-Cycadopites组合,3)Cyatheaceae-Pinaceae-Quadraeculina-Cycadopites组合,4)Cyatheaceae-Quadraeculina-Piceaepollenites组合和5)Cyatheaceae-Clas-sopollis-Pinaceae组合,分别产于上三叠统的小泉沟群、下侏罗统的八道湾组和三工河组、中侏罗统的西山窑组和头屯河组。根据孢粉组合特征,结合岩性和沉积及区域资料,将三叠系-侏罗系界线定于38层和39层之间。     

四川宣汉七里峡T3x/T2l界线沉积环境演化分析

中-晚三叠世之交是四川盆地海陆转换的关键时期,区内中三叠统雷口坡组和上三叠统须家河组是研究该时期古生物多样性变化与古气候环境演化的重要地层单元。四川宣汉七里峡剖面出露完整连续且层序清晰的中三叠世与晚三叠世海陆过渡相地层,是进行四川盆地中-晚三叠世海陆转换研究的理想剖面。基于沉积学理论与研究方法,根据七里峡剖面的沉积岩类型、颜色、构造并结合包裹体、有机碳同位素以及古生物和聚煤特征,将宣汉七里峡地区中三叠统雷口坡组与上三叠统须家河组界线地层沉积相划分为蒸发台地-澙湖潮坪-滨岸沼泽-河口砂坝等类型,揭示了一个完整的海侵-海退旋回。结合古植物和孢粉等化石资料,对宣汉地区晚三叠世初期的古气候特征进行简要分析。