鮸状黄姑鱼胚胎和仔鱼发育的实验生态

本实验研究了温度、盐度、 ｐＨ对鮸状黄姑鱼胚胎发育和前期仔鱼存活的影响。结果表明,鮸状黄姑鱼受精卵孵化的温度范围为１５～３０℃,最适孵化温度为２５～３０℃;孵化盐度范围为１５～４５,最适孵化公度范围为１５～２５;ｐＨ值在５．００～８．９９范围内,受精卵孵化率没有显著的差异。鮸状黄姑鱼前期仔鱼存活的适合温度为１５～３０℃,最适温度为２５℃;适合盐度为１５～３５;适合ｐＨ值为５．９９～１０．０１。     

Mian状黄姑鱼胚胎和仔鱼发育的实验生态

本实验研究了温度、盐度、ＰＨ对Ｍｉａｎ状黄姑鱼胚胎发育和前期仔鱼存活的影响。结果表明,Ｍｉａｎ状黄姑鱼受精卵孵化的温度范围为１５￣３０℃,最适孵化温度为２５￣３０℃;孵化盐度范围来１５￣４５,最适孵化盐度范围为１５￣２５;ＰＨ值在５．００￣８．９９范围内,受精卵孵化率没有显著的差异。Ｍｉａｎ状黄姑鱼前期仔鱼存活的适合温度为１５￣３０℃,最适温度为２５℃;适合工为１５￣３５;适合ＰＨ值为５．９９￣１     

黄姑鱼胚胎发育及其与温度和盐度的关系

为研究温度和盐度对黄姑鱼(Nibea albiflora)胚胎发育的影响,作者观察了黄姑鱼受精卵的形态和胚胎发育过程。实验结果表明,温度18~28℃范围内,温度对孵化时间和初孵仔鱼有显著影响,对孵化率影响不大,24~28℃是黄姑鱼胚胎发育的适宜温度范围;盐度低于24时受精卵下沉,26~28内悬浮于水体中,盐度高于34时受精卵浮于水面;黄姑鱼胚胎发育的最适盐度范围26~32,盐度超过或低于其适宜范围时,孵化率明显下降或者幼虫畸形率明显增大。另外,根据其Q10值推算的胚胎发育的适宜水温与实验结果相似。     

鮸状黄姑鱼的早期发育研究

本文对状黄姑鱼的胚胎和仔、稚鱼各发育阶段的形态特征进行了描述。绝状黄姑鱼的受精卵为圆球形浮性卵,无色透明。在水温20～23℃,盐度26～30的条件下,经24h35min陆续孵出仔鱼。胚胎发育分为26期。初孵仔鱼至孵化后4日龄为仔鱼前期;孵化后5～22日龄为仔鱼后期;孵化后23～32日龄为雅鱼期;孵化后33日龄进入幼鱼早期。仔、稚鱼培育水温18～28C,盐度20～30。仔鱼2日龄稍开口,3～4日龄为混合营养阶段,是仔鱼的主要危险期。     

Mian状黄姑鱼的早期发育研究

本文对Ｍｉａｎ状黄姑鱼的胚胎和仔、稚鱼各发育阶段的形态特征进行了描述。Ｍｉａｎ状黄姑鱼的爱精卵的为圆球形浮性卵,无色透明。在水温２０￣２３℃,盐度２６￣３０的条件下,经２４ｈ３５ｍｉｎ陆续孵出仔鱼。胚胎发育分为２６期。初孵仔鱼至孵化后４日龄为仔鱼前期;孵化后５￣２２日龄为仔鱼后期;孵化后２３￣３２日龄为雅鱼期;孵化后３３日龄进入幼鱼早期。仔、稚鱼培育水温１８￣２８℃,盐度２０￣３０。仔鱼２日龄稍开     

温度、盐度及pH对斜带石斑鱼受精卵孵化和仔鱼活力的影响

比较观察了不同温度(20、22、24、26、28、30和32℃)、不同盐度(5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40和45)及不同pH(5.0、5.5、6.0、6.5、7.0、7.5、8.0、8.5、9.0和9.5)下斜带石斑鱼Epinephelus coioides受精卵的培育周期、孵化周期、孵化率和畸形率。在以上各种条件下对斜带石斑鱼初孵仔鱼进行耐饥饿试验,测定其不投饵存活系数(Survival activity index,SAI)。结果表明,斜带石斑鱼受精卵孵化的适宜温度范围是24—30℃,最适温度范围是24—26℃;受精卵孵化的适宜盐度范围是15—45,最适盐度范围是20—30;受精卵孵化的适宜pH范围是5.5—8.5,最适pH范围是6.5—7.5。仔鱼生存的适宜温度范围是24—32℃,最适温度范围是24—26℃;仔鱼生存的适宜盐度为10—40,最适生存盐度为15—30;仔鱼生存的适宜pH是5.5—9.0,而最适pH是7.0—8.5。斜带石斑鱼受精卵和仔鱼对以上3种环境因子的耐受范围基本相同。     

盐度对双棘黄姑鱼受精卵发育及早期仔鱼生长的影响

观察比较了不同盐度梯度海水下双棘黄姑鱼(Nibeadiacanthus)受精卵的孵化率和畸形率,并测定初孵仔鱼不投饵存活系数(Is,a)。结果表明:(1)双棘黄姑鱼受精卵在盐度15.0～43.0均可孵化,最适盐度为31.0～35.0。盐度高于35.0,孵化率随盐度的升高而降低,仔鱼畸形率则随之升高。盐度低于27.0,孵化率随盐度的降低而降低,仔鱼畸形率则随之升高。(2)盐度为15.0,19.0,23.0,27.0,30.0～33.0的仔鱼不投饵存活系数为4.42～7.13;而盐度为35.0,39.0,43.0的仔鱼不投饵存活系数为1.67～4.48,盐度从35.0~39.0是对双棘黄姑鱼仔鱼Is,a值影响很大的盐度梯度。     

温度、盐度对半滑舌鳎胚胎发育的影响

温度及盐度是鱼类苗种生产当中2个重要的因子。研究了在不同水温、盐度条件下,半滑舌鳎胚胎发育的情况。通过对孵化时间、孵化率、初孵仔鱼畸形率、活力的比较,发现温度对受精卵的孵化影响显著。受精卵在18℃以下及28℃以上均不能孵化出仔鱼,在18~28℃水温条件下,受精卵可以孵化,其适宜的孵化水温为22~23℃,且随着温度升高受精卵孵化时间逐渐缩短。在水温23℃下,受精卵在盐度16以下及48以上均不能孵化出仔鱼,在盐度18~46的范围内,受精卵均可以孵化出仔鱼,盐度38以上均为畸形,且孵化时间不受盐度的影响,其适宜孵化盐度为28~32。     

光照、温度对黑鲷(♀)×真鲷(♂)杂交子代受精卵孵化效果的影响

为了研究不同光照强度、温度对黑鲷(Acantho pagrusschlegelii)(♀)×真鲷(Pagrosomus major)(♂)杂交F1代受精卵孵化效果及仔鱼存活的影响,作者采用试验生态学的方法比较不同温度(16、18、20、22、24、26℃)下杂交鲷受精卵的孵化率、畸形率、孵化时间、7日龄仔鱼的存活率;比较不同光照强度下(10、100、300、800、1500、4 000、10 000 lx)受精卵孵化率、畸形率、孵化时间;比较不同光照强度下(200、1 000、2 000、5 000、10 000、15 000、20 000 lx)7日龄仔鱼的存活率。结果表明:在盐度为22条件下,受精卵最高孵化率(34.00%)和最低畸形率(16.65%)的孵化温度为20℃;在16～26℃范围内,温度与孵化时间呈负相关,与7日龄仔鱼存活率也呈负相关。不同的光照强度对受精卵孵化率和孵化时间的影响不显著,孵化率为65.88%～71.88%;但大于800lx的光照会令畸形率上升(大于15.21%);另外,5000～10000lx的光照强度更适宜仔鱼生存,7日龄仔鱼存活率达到38%～40.75%。黑鲷(♀)×真鲷(♂)杂交子代最佳孵化温度为20℃,最适光照强度为5 000～10 000 lx。     

四种重金属对鮸状黄姑鱼胚胎和仔鱼的毒性

本文研究了汞、铜、锌和铬四种重金属对鮸状黄姑鱼（Ｎｉｂｅａ ｍｉ－ ｉｃｈｔｈｉｏｉｄｅｓ）胚胎发育和仔鱼存活的影响。结果表明;在试验浓度范围内,胚胎发育受 阻,受精卵孵化率显著低于对照组,初孵仔鱼出现不同程度的畸形,这些重金属对鮸 状黄姑鱼仔鱼的毒性强弱依次为Ｈｇ~２＋＞Ｃｕ~２＋＞Ｚｎ２＋＞Ｃｒ~６＋。根据实验数据求得四种 重金属对鮸状黄姑鱼仔鱼的２４、４８、７２和９６ｈ ＬＣ_５０值及安全浓度。     

国际海洋测绘教育培训特点及发展对策

分析了海洋测绘教育培训国际化和标准化的原因及进程,论述了海洋测绘国际化教育培训的指导性文件及内容,针对国际化海洋测绘教育培训的特点与发展趋势,提出了发展我国海洋测绘教育培训的对策与建议。     

壳寡糖及其全乙酰化衍生物的制备及结构表征

探讨了壳寡糖及全乙酰壳寡糖的制备方法,通过正交实验考察了原料、温度、时间对降解产物的影响.制备了八种寡糖（八乙酰壳二糖、十一乙酰壳三糖、十四乙酰壳四糖和十七乙酰壳五糖,以及N,N′-二乙酰壳二糖、N,N′,N″-三乙酰壳三糖、N,N′,N″,N′′′四乙酰壳四糖和N,N′,N″,N′′′,N′′′′-五乙酰壳五糖）,并通过IR、NMR及MS等确定了其化学结构.     

聚多巴胺的合成、聚合机理及其在海洋防腐防污中的应用

聚多巴胺(polydopamine, PDA)含有大量的酚羟基和氨基官能团, 可以在玻璃、不锈钢、塑料、橡胶、聚四氟乙烯等材料表面黏附, 具有优异的粘附性能, 是重要的功能材料之一。本文对近年来国内外围绕聚多巴胺展开的研究进行了综述, 从聚多巴胺的合成方法、聚合机理和性能出发, 分析总结了当前合成的特点、机理研究的方案和存在的问题, 并对聚多巴胺在海洋防腐领域的应用进行了总结和展望, 旨在为研究者较全面了解聚多巴胺的研究现状提供参考。     

Adsorption and desorption of proteins and polyamino acids by clay minerals and marine sediments

The adsorption and desorption of proteins and polyamino acids on illite, montmorillonite, goethite, and marine sediments was investigated. Three ¹⁴C-labeled hydrophilic proteins, Rubisco from C. reinhardtii, and GroEL and GroES from genetically modified Escherichia coli, were synthesized and purified for this study. The proteins were strongly and rapidly adsorbed by the clay minerals and marine sediments, and much of the adsorbed protein was not readily desorbed. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) extraction and separation by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and sucrose density gradients showed that Rubisco and GroEL were adsorbed on illite and sediments in their original forms. The apparent adsorption partition coefficients of the proteins were on the order of 10² l/kg on illite, 10³–10⁴ l/kg on goethite and montmorillonite, and 200 and 75 l/kg on Skan Bay and Resurrection Bay (Alaska) sediments, respectively. These partition coefficients are sufficiently large to permit sedimentary protein preservation via an adsorptive mechanism. Generally, basic polyamino acids had greater adsorption partition coefficients than acidic polyamino acids. Molecular size did not affect the electrostatic interaction between polyamino acids and mineral surfaces. Adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and negatively charged polyamino acids inhibited Rubisco adsorption, while positively charged cytochrome c and polyamino acids increased Rubisco adsorption. These results indicate that electrostatic interactions dominated in protein adsorption.     

Coastal and estuarine habitat mapping, using LIDAR height and intensity and multi-spectral imagery

The airborne laser scanning LIDAR (LIght Detection And Ranging) provides high-resolution Digital Terrain Models (DTM) that have been applied recently to the characterization, quantification and monitoring of coastal environments. This study assesses the contribution of LIDAR altimetry and intensity data, topographically-derived features (slope and aspect), and multi-spectral imagery (three visible and a near-infrared band), to map coastal habitats in the Bidasoa estuary and its adjacent coastal area (Basque Country, northern Spain). The performance of high-resolution data sources was individually and jointly tested, with the maximum likelihood algorithm classifier in a rocky shore and a wetland zone; thus, including some of the most extended Cantabrian Sea littoral habitats, within the Bay of Biscay. The results show that reliability of coastal habitat classification was more enhanced with LIDAR-based DTM, compared with the other data sources: slope, aspect, intensity or near-infrared band. The addition of the DTM, to the three visible bands, produced gains of between 10% and 27% in the agreement measures, between the mapped and validation data (i.e. mean producer's and user's accuracy) for the two test sites. Raw LIDAR intensity images are only of limited value here, since they appeared heterogeneous and speckled. However, the enhanced Lee smoothing filter, applied to the LIDAR intensity, improved the overall accuracy measurements of the habitat classification, especially in the wetland zone; here, there were gains up to 7.9% in mean producer's and 11.6% in mean user's accuracy. This suggests that LIDAR can be useful for habitat mapping, when few data sources are available. The synergy between the LIDAR data, with multi-spectral bands, produced high accurate classifications (mean producer's accuracy: 92% for the 16 rocky habitats and 88% for the 11 wetland habitats). Fusion of the data enabled discrimination of intertidal communities, such as Corallina elongata, barnacles (Chthamalus spp.), and stands of Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis, which presented misclassification when conventional visible bands were used alone. All of these results were corroborated by the kappa coefficient of agreement. The high classification accuracy found here, selecting data sources, highlights the value of integrating LIDAR data with multi-spectral imagery for habitat mapping in the intertidal complex fringe.