尼日尔三角洲盆地深水沉积体系特征

尼日尔三角洲盆地深水沉积研究是目前世界油气勘探的热点问题之一.通过对三维地震资料、岩心及测井曲线分析,揭示了尼日尔三角洲盆地南部地区新近系深水沉积体系特征.基于不同属性的层序界面识别,研究区划分出SQ1-SQ6共6个三级层序,并建立层序地层格架,进而总结出研究区深水沉积模式.研究区除堆积正常半深海-深海泥岩外,还广泛发育海底扇沉积,海底扇由浊积水道和海底扇朵体组成,其中水道分支少、弯度大,外部形态类似曲流河;朵体平面上成朵叶状分布,可以划分为末端朵体和决口扇朵体.研究区新近系地层自下向上由老到新,相对海平面先下降再上升,SQ1-SQ4层序以海底扇朵体沉积为主,SQ5-SQ6层序以浊积水道沉积为主.      

柴达木盆地切12区沉积层序及对油气富集的控制作用

柴达木盆地昆北油田切12区发育厚层砂砾岩油藏。砂砾岩成因类型及分布规律认识不清是制约油藏开发的关键地质因素。综合利用地质、测井、地震及开发动态等资料,在等时层序地层格架内,系统研究砂砾岩的成因类型、分布规律及其对油气富集的控制作用。研究结果表明,切12区下干柴沟组下段发育冲积扇沉积,可划分出辫状水道、泥石流、漫流沉积、径流水道及洪泛平原5种沉积微相类型,可建立“泛连通体”夹间歇性水道、稳定水道形成的叠置分隔复合水道、辫状水道与漫流沉积侧向相间、径流水道镶嵌于洪泛平原泥岩4个沉积构型单元。垂向上,冲积扇整体表现为粒度下粗上细、湖进退积型的沉积序列;平面发育6个冲积扇体,呈由北向南迁移的规律。沉积相带对油气分布具明显控制作用,沉积构型单元控制油气纵向富集,扇体变迁控制油气平面聚集。     

海拉尔盆地呼和湖凹陷南屯组层序地层与沉积体系分析

以层序地层学理论为指导,充分利用岩心、测井、地震等资料,依据层序界面反射特征,建立了海拉尔盆地呼和湖凹陷南屯组层序地层格架,将南屯组划分为两个三级层序:层序Sq1相当于南屯组一段,层序Sq2相当于南屯组二段。每个层序发育完整,分别由低水位体系域、水进体系域和高水位体系域组成。针对研究区目的层段所划分层序发育的特点,在层序地层单元划分和对比基础上,对层序格架内的沉积相类型和沉积体系分布规律进行了研究,确定研究区主要发育扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲、湖底扇、湖泊等沉积体系。Sq1层序在凹陷北部发育辫状河三角洲沉积体系, 而在南部发育扇三角洲沉积体系。Sq2层序缓坡带发育辫状河三角洲沉积体系,陡坡带发育扇三角洲沉积体系,湖盆周围发育沼泽相。综合分析各层序沉积特征及演化规律,指出了呼和湖凹陷南部沉积砂体为较有利的勘探区域。     

黄骅坳陷北部马头营凸起馆陶组砂体成因及展布特征

综合运用钻井岩心、测井、三维高分辨率地震等资料,对渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷北部马头营凸起馆陶组砂体成因及展布特征进行了系统的研究。结果表明:馆陶组沉积前期发育2条规模大、延伸较远,呈近NS、NNW—SSE展布的沟槽,指示物源主要来源于北部燕山褶皱带。馆陶组为冲积扇-辫状河-曲流河沉积序列;馆三下段为冲积扇扇中辫状河道和河道间漫流相,发育扇中辫状河道成因砂体;馆三上段为辫状河道和泛滥平原相,发育河床滞留沉积和心滩成因砂体;馆二段和馆一段为曲流河沉积,河床滞留沉积、边滩、决口扇和天然堤是主要的砂体成因类型。馆陶组可划分为3个长期旋回,7个中期旋回,16~19个短期旋回;以短期旋回为单元,建立了馆二段等时地层对比的高分辨层序地层格架;层序格架控制着砂体的分布模式,馆二段短期旋回的下部砂岩发育,是主要的储集层。层控测井约束反演提高了馆二段薄互层河道砂体预测的精度,馆二段各砂层组反演预测平面砂地比反映河道砂体呈NE—SW向的展布特征。     

高分辨率层序地层学在濮城油田西区沙二上亚段2+3砂组末端扇沉积体系中的应用(英文)

为提高研究区储层描述和剩余油预测的精度,综合运用高分辨率层序地层学理论方法与技术,以岩芯、测井资料为基础,对濮城油田西区沙二上亚段2+3砂组进行了高分辨率精细层序划分,运用基准面旋回原理,将沙二上亚段2+3砂组划分为一个中期旋回,作为等时地层格架,并且进一步进行了短期旋回的识别,作为等时地层对比单元。最终将沙二上亚段2砂组分为7个小层,3砂组分为9个小层,并在全区建立了高分辨率层序地层格架。通过单井岩芯观察和描述,对研究区内各砂组砂体和沉积微相进行了详细研究,最终建立了濮城油田西区沙二上亚段2+3砂组的沉积模式,认为该地区为具有恒定物源供给的细粒末端扇沉积体系,而非前人所认为的辫状三角洲沉积。研究区亚相类型主要为末端扇中部亚相,中部亚相又分为分流河道、泥滩、近水道漫溢和远水道漫溢4个微相。     

内蒙古西乌旗下二叠统寿山沟组海底扇的发现及意义

西乌珠穆沁旗地区下二叠统寿山沟组沉积环境的认识尚缺乏确凿证据.对塔宾庙林场剖面寿山沟组的研究认为是一套海相碎屑岩沉积,岩石类型以长石岩屑砂岩为主,发育粒序层理和平行层理,属于鲍马序列中的A和B段,并伴有Zoophycos相遗迹化石组合,属于海底扇沉积.根据岩石类型、砂岩的单层厚度、砂岩和泥岩的比值,划分出内扇、中扇、外扇3个亚相,内扇亚相发育水道砾岩,外扇亚相发育复理石相遗迹化石.该区寿山沟组厚层暗色泥岩,是良好的烃源岩,而扇体可以作为有效的储层,具有很好的油气勘探前景.     

荔湾3-1井区珠江组深水扇高分辨率层序分析及应用

以高分辨率层序分析为指导思想,以岩芯和测井分析为基础,结合地震资料对荔湾3-1井区珠江组下部深水扇沉积层序界面和海泛面成因类型进行综合研究,探讨了深水扇短期旋回结构类型和分布规律,建立了主要产层时间—地层格架,并对地层格架中的小层砂体进行劈分和等时追踪对比,讨论了不同基准面旋回条件下储层发育特征。通过层序—岩相古地理编...     

高精度层序地层格架在扇三角洲体系储层精细对比中的应用--以泌阳凹陷赵凹油田为例

由于扇三角洲体系具有相变快、相带窄、多物源等特点,导致扇三角洲砂体储层的精细对比十分困难.根据地震、钻井等资料,建立了高精度层序地层格架,提出了以5级层序为框架、以点物源为中心的储层精细对比思路.赵凹油田储层精细对比研究表明,扇三角洲砂体的沉积类型明显受控于沉积体系域,湖扩张体系域以扇三角洲前缘河口坝和水下水道砂体为主,局部发育泥石流沉积;高水位体系域以三角洲平原辫状水道砂体为主.扇三角洲砂体的岩性、厚度及其分布明显受点物源的控制,在不同物源砂体的叠置区,根据主物源方向、砂体展布形态及岩性差异可以有效地区分出不同物源的砂体,并进行单砂层的对比.     

渤中西环古近系东营组物源转换与沉积充填响应

通过砂岩中碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄分析、火山碎屑组分含量变化、地震多属性分析、层序地层格架与沉积充填特征综合分析,认为东二段沉积时期渤中西环的物源供给方式、层序地层格架及沉积充填特征发生明显的变化.东二下段沉积期前,湖盆处于强烈裂陷期,中-深湖相泥岩发育,物源主要为盆地内部的中生代火成岩基底,沉积层序明显受盆内低凸起控制,在盆内低凸起四周发育一系列近源的扇三角洲朵体;东二下段沉积期后,湖盆处于断-坳过渡期,盆内低凸起四周的断裂活动减弱,沉积层序逐渐向盆内低凸起超覆,盆外太古代-元古代变质岩物源供给不断加强,近源的扇三角洲砂体逐渐向远源的辫状河三角洲砂体转化,同时发育宽广的滨浅湖环境.渤中西环古近纪沉积充填过程中,地层样式、沉积模式与物源供给方式的一致性变化,体现了裂陷湖盆充填演化的内在规律,为我国东部裂陷盆地演化及裂陷旋回划分提供了新的线索.     

东营凹陷北部陡坡带利563区块沙四上亚段砂砾岩扇体沉积特征及沉积模式

东营凹陷北部陡坡带发育的大量砂砾岩扇体在油气勘探与开发中占据重要地位。本文研究针对东营北带利563区块沙四上亚段砂砾岩扇体及其中发育的重力流沉积,通过岩心精细描述,依据岩性、粒度、构造将砂砾岩扇体划分出12种岩相。然后以发育相同水动力条件为单元,依据岩性和沉积机理将岩相在垂向上进行组合,划分8种水动力类型和8种岩相组合类型。再基于砂砾岩沉积的空间分布、尺度大小、接触关系和根据沉积物中泥岩的结构、纹理所细分出的7种泥岩类型所代表的各种环境,定义了5种砂砾岩扇体沉积形态特征：近端厚层砾石沉积、限制性水道沉积、非限制性舌状体沉积、非河道薄层沉积、远端细粒沉积。认为该区砂砾岩扇体为近岸水下扇,包括扇根沟道、沟道间、扇中辫状水道、水道间、扇中前缘、扇端泥6种沉积微相类型并归纳其综合鉴定特征。最终建立本区砂砾岩扇体的沉积过程和沉积模式。     

珠江口盆地荔湾3-1气田珠江组深水扇沉积相分析

根据已钻井取芯段岩相分析,从荔湾3-1气田珠江组深水扇沉积体系中划分出巨厚层和厚层块状砂岩相、厚层正粒序砂岩相、厚层逆粒序砂岩相、平行—板状斜层理砂岩相、滑塌变形砂岩相、薄层砂岩夹层相、薄层（粉）砂岩与泥岩互层相、厚层粉砂岩相、厚层泥岩相和层状深水灰岩相等10种岩相类型和识别出砂岩相组合、泥岩相组合、（粉）砂岩与泥岩互...     

Triassic carbonate submarine fans along the Arabian platform margin, Sumeini Group, Oman

ABSTRACT The Sumeini Group formed along the passive continental margin slope that bounded the northeastern edge of the Arabian carbonate platform. With the initial development of this passive continental margin in Oman during Early to Middle Triassic time (possibly Permian), small carbonate submarine fans of the C Member of the Maqam Formation developed along a distally steepened slope. The fan deposits occur as several discrete lenticular sequences of genetically related beds of coarsegrained redeposited carbonate (calciclastic) sediment within a thick interval of basinal lime mudstone and shale. Repeated pulses of calciclastic sediment were derived from ooid shoals on an adjacent carbonate platform and contain coarser intraclasts eroded from the surrounding slope deposits. Sediment gravity flows, primarily turbidites with lesser debris flows and grain flows, transported the coarse sediments to the relatively deep submarine fans. Channel erosion was a major source of intraformational calcirudite. Two small submarine fan systems were each recurrently supplied with calciclastic sediment derived from point sources, submarine canyons. The northern fan system retrogrades and dies out upsection. The southern fan system was apparently longer-lived; calciclastic sediments in it are more prevalent and occur throughout the section. The proximal portions of this fan system are dominated by channelized beds of calcirudite which represent inner- to mid-fan channel complexes. The distal portions include mostly lenticular, unchannelized beds of calcarenite, apparently mid- to outer-fan lobes. Carbonate submarine fans appear to be rare in the geological record in comparison with more laterally continuous slope aprons of coarse redeposited sediment. The carbonate submarine fans of the C Member apparently formed by the funnelling of coarse calciclastic sediment into small submarine canyons which may have developed due to rift and/or transform tectonics. The alternation of discrete sequences of calciclastic sediment with thick intervals of ‘background’ sediment resulted from either sea-level fluctuations or pulses of tectonic activity.     

Cambrian- Ordovician Deep - Water Deposits in Southwest Jiangxi, China

The Cambrian-Ordovician rocks in southwestern Jiangxi are mainly composed of deep-water deposits, in which 5 facies have been recognized: sandstone facies, sandstone-mudstone facies, siltstone-mudstone facies, mudstone (slate)facies, and chert facies. They are of turbidity current origin and are related to pelagic and hemipelagic deposits. In the light of facies distribution, the Cambrian-Ordovician deposits can be classified into 3 facies associations formed in middle fan, outer fan and deep-sea plain environments respectively. The 3 different orders of vertical cycles in the stratigraphic sequence are considered to be controlled by factors such as sea-level fluctuation, basin subsidence and submarine fan progradation. The tectonic setting of the sedimentary basin is interpreted as passive continental margin based on the chemical composition analysis of the sandstone.     

内蒙古平庄盆地黑水地区上白垩统孙家湾组上段沉积相及其与铀矿化关系

内蒙古平庄盆地黑水地区上白垩统孙家湾组上段沉积相为冲积扇相,宏观上分为近端砾质辫状平原、远端砂质辫状平原及扇前洪泛平原3个亚相,进一步细分为泥石流、砾质辫状河道、砾质坝、砂质辫状河道、砂质坝、洪泛细粒、泥炭沼泽等微相。孙家湾组上段可划分为3个亚段,第一亚段为干旱_潮湿过渡气候下形成的退积型序列的旱地扇沉积;第二亚段为潮湿气候下形成的退积型序列的湿地扇沉积;第三亚段为潮湿气候下形成的进积型序列的湿地扇沉积。黑水地区的孙家湾组上段经历了早期退积型旱地扇—中期退积型湿地扇—晚期进积型湿地扇的过程。沉积相对该区铀成矿具有控制作用,铀矿化主要以不连续、局部富集的形式赋存于远端砂质辫状平原前缘的砂质辫状河砂体中,泥炭沼泽和泥质含量少的泥石流沉积中有少量存在。泥炭沼泽沉积所形成的泥岩及泥质含量高的泥石流沉积充当了局部隔水层,但由于泥炭沼泽沉积较薄,以及泥石流沉积的不均一性,致使铀矿（化）不连续、不稳定。     

Cyclicity in the Middle Eocene Yamak turbidite complex of the Haymana basin,Central Anatolia,Turkey

The Haymana basin in central Anatolia (Turkey) formed on a Late Cretaceous to Middle Eocene fore-arc accretionary wedge. A sequential model is proposed for the 1-km-thick Lutetian Yamak turbidite complex (YTC) which is the youngest paleotectonic unit of the basin. The YTC represents a prograding submarine fan subdivided into three depositional sequences (DS), each several hundred meters thick. Each depositional sequence consists of a turbidite system (TS), with sandstone and conglomeratic sandstone beds alternating with mudstones, overlain by basin plain mudstones. In each turbidite system, the sandstone and mudstone sequential organization allows the distinction of smaller subdivisions, namely, basic sequences (BS) and basic units (BU), with each basic sequence being composed of several basic units. This subdivision, associated with a two-dimensional geometric reconstruction of the YTC, leads to a better understanding of the evolution in time and space of the submarine fan system. Lower to middle fan depositional lobes, and upper fan and slope channels, are represented. As a whole, the YTC progressed from a sand-poor to a sand-rich system. Depositional sequences (DS) of the YTC may correspond to third-order sea-level cycles of tectonic origin. Accordingly, fourth- and fifth-order cycles might be proposed for the BS and BU, respectively. However, partly because of the limited extent of exposures, the allocyclic origin of these finer subdivisions remains problematic.     

安徽绩溪新元古代海底扇沉积环境分析

研究区位于安徽绩溪县杨溪镇,区内主要发育一套新元古代浅变质碎屑岩系,厚度为639.7 m。碎屑岩以泥岩、泥质粉砂岩、砂岩、含砾砂岩和砾岩为主,发育水平层理,粒序层理,韵律层理等沉积构造,可见鲍马层序Ta、Tc、Td、Te段。碎屑组分以跃移组分为主,含量为35%～58%。地层上段厚为254.8 m,包含粉砂岩、泥质粉砂岩和粉砂质泥岩,水平层理和粒序层理发育,为中扇-外扇扇叶沉积,中段厚为192.5 m,主要为细砂岩、粉砂岩和泥质粉砂岩,砂岩条带广泛发育,属于中扇水道沉积,下段厚为192.4 m,为一套砾岩层,砾石分选较差,砾岩层间夹有粉砂质泥岩,为上扇水道滞留沉积。总体上,形成一套退积的海底扇沉积序列。     

川西马尔康—金川地区晚三叠世松潘甘孜残留洋盆复理石建造沉积特征与沉积模式

西康群是松潘-甘孜复理石沉积盆地的主体,分布范围广、岩性单调,强烈的构造变形和褶皱叠加导致地层原始的沉积序列、沉积构造破坏殆尽,基于野外露头的沉积学研究较少,巨量复理石的沉积模式也没有合理的解释。详细研究了川西马尔康-金川县一带西康群典型剖面的沉积构造、砂板比、古流向、砂岩粒度及矿物组成,讨论了西康群的沉积环境及沉积模式。认为该区复理石沉积环境属于海底扇扇中-扇端,局部存在砂质碎屑流或等深流的参与和叠加改造;存在两期次的海底扇,其触发机制均为海平面下降,导致三角洲向陆架边缘进积形成海底扇,而随着冲积平原及三角洲复合体的逐渐消耗,沉积物供应量逐渐减小,海底扇的规模及影响范围逐渐缩减,形成两期向岸退积的海底扇沉积。松潘-甘孜盆地复理石建造属于受周缘造山带提供多源或线源,多期次叠加的,以细粒浊积体为主的海底扇,海岸冲积平原及三角洲复合体经过二次搬运使得砾级粗粒沉积物进一步破碎,形成中-细粒砂岩及泥岩为主的扇体沉积。     

浙江桐庐二叠纪海绵生物丘的沉积环境和成岩环境

浙江桐庐二叠纪茅口期海绵丘发育于碎屑陆棚上，呈透镜状，无礁前和礁后相。由于当时相对频繁的海进海退，使该丘在生长过程中出现三次成礁期，海进成礁，海退消亡。其主要的礁岩类型为海绵（或水螅）障积岩，在上部出现纹层藻和古石孔藻粘结岩，最后为潮坪相叠层石灰泥岩所覆盖。该丘经历了早期海底、海水潜流带、混合水和大气淡水成岩环境。早期成岩作用以灰泥淀积作用为主，大部分孔隙都为灰泥所充填，少量残余孔隙中可见形成于早期海底成岩环境的纤状和针状方解石胶结物。     

Distinctive erosional and depositional structures formed at a canyon mouth: A lower Pleistocene deep‐water succession in the Kazusa forearc basin on the Boso Peninsula,Japan

The canyon mouth is an important component of submarine‐fan systems and is thought to play a significant role in the transformation of turbidity currents. However, the depositional and erosional structures that characterize canyon mouths have received less attention than other components of submarine‐fan systems. This study investigates the facies organization and geometry of turbidites that are interpreted to have developed at a canyon mouth in the early Pleistocene Kazusa forearc basin on the Boso Peninsula, Japan. The canyon‐mouth deposits have the following distinctive features: (i) The turbidite succession is thinner than both the canyon‐fill and submarine‐fan successions and is represented by amalgamation of sandstones and pebbly sandstones as a result of bypassing of turbidity currents. (ii) Sandstone beds and bedsets show an overall lenticular geometry and are commonly overlain by mud drapes, which are massive and contain fewer bioturbation structures than do the hemipelagic muddy deposits. (iii) The mud drapes have a microstructure characterized by aggregates of clay particles, which show features similar to those of fluid‐mud deposits, and are interpreted to represent deposition from fluid mud developed from turbidity current clouds. (iv) Large‐scale erosional surfaces are infilled with thick‐bedded to very thick‐bedded turbidites, which show lithofacies quite similar to those of the surrounding deposits, and are considered to be equivalent to scours. (v) Concave‐up erosional surfaces, some of which face in the upslope direction, are overlain by backset bedding, which is associated with many mud clasts. (vi) Tractional structures, some of which are equivalent to coarse‐grained sediment waves, were also developed, and were overlain locally by mud drapes, in association with mud drape‐filled scours, cut and fill structures and backset bedding. The combination of these outcrop‐scale erosional and depositional structures, together with the microstructure of the mud drapes, can be used to identify canyon‐mouth deposits in ancient deep‐water successions.