INTERACTION BETWEEN WAVES AND TIDE-SURGE MOTION AND A JOINT WAVE-TIDE SURGE MODEL

This paper describes in detail the interaction between waves, tides and storm surges and covers theeffects of wave on tides and storm surges and the influence of tides plus storm surges on waves. Some pro-blems deserving attention and improvements are put forward. And finally a combined wave-tide-surge numerical model YE-JWTSM is presented,with all relevant interaction processes considered, includ-ing wave-dependent surface wind stress and bottom-stress as well as current-induced refrac-tion and frequency shift.     

STUDY ON PREDICTION FOR TRANSPORT AND DIFFUSION OF DREDGED MATYER IN JIAOZHOU BAY, CHINA

The finite-element method was used to simulate the currents of Jiaozhou Bay and the nearcoast areas, and then established the model of the transport and diffusion of suspended particulate matter there. The transport and diffusion of dredged matter near the discharging field were estimated ; and the results were used to analyze the effects of the suspended particulate matter on the marine environment.     

THE UNEVEN DEVELOPMENT AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION OF CHINESE CENTRAL CITIES

ＴＨＥ ＵＮＥＶＥＮ ＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴ ＡＮＤ ＳＰＡＴＩＡＬ ＤＩＦＦＵＳＩＯＮ ＯＦ ＣＨＩＮＥＳＥ ＣＥＮＴＲＡＬ ＣＩＴＩＥＳ ＮｉｎｇＹｕｅＡｎｎ（宁越敏）；ＹａｎＺｈｏｎｇｍｉｎ（严重敏）（ＴｈｅＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｇｒａｐ...     

Competition among destinations in spatial interaction models: a new point of view

Ｉ．ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＡｃｏｍｍｏｎｖｉｅｗｐｏｉｎｔｉｎｔｈｅｓｐａｔｉａｌｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｏｎｌｉｔｅｒａｔｕｒｅｉｓｔｈａｔｉｔｉｓｎｅｃｅｓａｒｙｔｏａｃｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅｓｐａｔｉａｌｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｅｆｅｃｔｓａｎｄ／ｏｒｄｅ...     

教材管理系统的研制

以高校教材管理为背景，研究了教材管理系统的基本结构，将先进的网络和数据库技术应用于该MIS系统的开发，提出了数据库、模型库及知识库的设计方案，并利用面向对象的开发工具VB6.0和SQL Server2000，设计出基于C／S模式的高校教材管理系统。     

A NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE TIDE-SURGE INTERACTION IN THE EAST CHINA SEA AND THE SOUTH CHINA SEA

Nearshore sea levels in the East China Sea(ECS) and the South China Sea(SCS) during tropical cyclones-Typhoon 8007(Joe, 1980) and Typhoon 7209(Betty 1972) were simulated. The tide-surge interactions in the two regions are remarkable and locally produced. The corresponding nonlinear effects were derived from the different nonlinear terms. The contribution of the quadratic friction term is the most important, the shallow term comes second the convective term is the least; the phases of the interactions generated by the various nonlinear terms are asynchronous. Both the quadratic friction and the convective term can stimulate and aggravate the surge structure with more peaks. The bottom friction features have crucial influences on tides and surges, and the interaction is sensitive to the changes of tide and surge.     

Discretization approach in integrated Hydrologic Model for surface and groundwater interaction

The commonly used discretization approaches for distributed hydrological models can be broadly categorized into four types,based on the nature of the discrete components:Regular Mesh,Triangular Irregular Networks(TINs),Representative Elementary Watershed(REWs) and Hydrologic Response Units(HRUs).In this paper,a new discretization approach for landforms that have similar hydrologic properties is developed and discussed here for the Integrated Hydrologic Model(IHM),a combining simulation of surface and groundwater processes,accounting for the interaction between the systems.The approach used in the IHM is to disaggregate basin parameters into discrete landforms that have similar hydrologic properties.These landforms may be impervious areas,related areas,areas with high or low clay or organic fractions,areas with significantly different depths-to-water-table,and areas with different types of land cover or different land uses.Incorporating discrete landforms within basins allows significant distributed parameter analysis,but requires an efficient computational structure.The IHM integration represents a new approach interpreting fluxes across the model interface and storages near the interface for transfer to the appropriate model component,accounting for the disparate discretization while rigidly maintaining mass conservation.The discretization approaches employed in IHM will provide some ideas and insights which are helpful to those researchers who have been working on the integrated models for surface-groundwater interaction.     

THE CONSTRUCTION AND ITS DEVELOPMENT OFTHE OVERSEAS TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN NORTHEAST CHINA

ＴＨＥＣＯＮＳＴＲＵＣＴＩＯＮＡＮＤＩＴＳＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴＯＦＴＨＥＯＶＥＲＳＥＡＳＴＲＡＮＳＰＯＲＴＳＹＳＴＥＭＩＮＮＯＲＴＨＥＡＳＴＣＨＩＮＡＧａｏＳｈａｌｉ（高莎丽）（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ＮｏｒｔｈｅａｓｔＮｏｒｍ...     

APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING AND FUZZY MATH TO STUDY OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS DIFFUSION NEAR THE HUANGHE RIVER DELTA

Sediment grain size parameters and the percent of sand and clay near the Huanghe River Delta are used to estimate the Huanghe Riser load diffusion with fuzzy analysis. The results are confirmed by field investigation and the landform changes of the river estuary and sediment diffusive pattern indicated by Landsat MSS, TM images.     

Study on the urban transport and land-use of Guangzhou

Thefastpaceofeconomicgrowth,urbanpopula-tiongrowthandfamily-incomeincreasesincel978hastriggeredaboomofcarownershipandusage.ThishasbeenaccompaniedbyincreasingtrafficdemandofGuangzhouandthetransportland-useincreasedac-cordingly.Atthesametime,duetoacceleratedurbanizationandsharpincreaseofresidential,businessandindustriallanduseaswellastheirexpansiontowardtheperipheryofthecity,theconflictbetweenlanduseandtraffcdemandhasbeenmoreandmoreevident,whichmakesthisstudymeaningful.lDEVELOPMENTANDPATT…     

Characteristics of Light Transmission in Summer and Winter and Its Relation to Sediment Transport in the East China Sea

INTRODUCTIONTheSubeiShoalandtheChangjiangRiverestuarineareainthewestoftheHuanghaiandEastChinaSeasisoneofthemarginalseasintheworld ,wheresuspendedmatterisextremelyhigh .Here ,notonlyistheretheTaiwanWarmCurrentoneoftheKuroshio’sbranchesintheEastChinaSea,butalsotheHuanghaiCoastalCurrent,andChangjiangDilutedWater.Sothestrongmixingbetweenthecoastalandoffshorewaterscomplicatessuspendedmatterdistributioninthisarea.HowthesuspendedmatterdischargedfromtheChangjiangRiverandtheabandonedHuan…     

库车拗陷依奇克里克构造带油气输导体系特征及输导模式

成藏期输导体系的演化模式及有效性验证是库车拗陷依奇克里克构造带油气成藏研究的重点和难点.根据断裂活动期和断层性质、砂体连通性和物性、不整合面上下地层接触及岩性配置关系,研究输导体系组合及演化特征;综合运用QGF、QGF-E及甾烷C29ββ/(αα+ββ)、三环萜烷/17(α)-藿烷等地球化学参数识别油气运移通道和运移方向,验证输导体系的有效性.在输导体系组合及演化特征和有效性验证研究的基础上,建立研究区的输导模式.结果表明:成藏早期位于研究区南部依南地区的主要输导体系类型为不整合面-输导层输导体系,成藏晚期输导体系以输导层输导为主、盐下油源断层及不整合面输导为辅;北部依深地区在成藏早期主要输导体系为盐下油源断裂-不整合面-输导层输导体系,成藏晚期输导体系为穿盐断层,油气先沿断层向上部层系调整,后沿通天断层断至地表散失.不同地区、不同成藏期的输导体的差异形成现今北部贫化而南部富集的油气分布格局.     

A METHOD TO ESTIMATE DYNAMIC HEIGHT AND GEOSTROPHIC TRANSPORT RELATIVE TO DEEPER LEVELS FROM 400M EXPENDABLE BATHYTHERMOGRAPH IN THE INDONESIAN THROUGHFLOW

The Expendable Bathythermograph (XBT) Programme used a mix of T4 (450m) and T7(750 m) XBT's during the pre-TOGA periods. Studies are needed to determine how to use the T4/T7 datatogether, in particular with regard to a reference level for calculation of dynamic height and geostrophiccurrents. Temperature profiles to 750 m collected from 1986 through 1989 on the trackline across theIndonesian throughflow between NW Australia and Java are used to show the relations between dynamicbeight and geostriohic flow using reference levels at 400 db and 750 db. A very high temporalcorrelation between vertically averaged temperture in the upper 400 m and dynamic height at 50 m rela-tive to 750 db was found. The corresponding regression relationships are presented for all one degree lati-tude bins along the section and can be used for dynamical calculation of currents in the upper 400 m rel-ative to 750 db .An attempt is made to estimate volume transport relative to 750 db from 400 m pro-files. Problems which make est     

Decomposition analysis on direct material input and dematerialization of mining cities in Northeast China

Material dematerialization is a basic approach to reduce the pressure on the resources and environment and to realize the sustainable development. The material flow analysis and decomposition method are used to calculate the direct material input (DMI) of 14 typical mining cities in Northeast China in 1995-2004 and to analyze the demateri-alization and its driving factors in the different types of mining cities oriented by coal, petroleum, metallurgy and multi-resources. The results are as follows: 1) from 1995 to 2006, the increase rates of the DMI and the material input intensity of mining cities declined following the order of multi-resources, metallurgy, coal, and petroleum cities, and the material utilizing efficiency did following the order of petroleum, coal, metallurgy, and multi-resources cities; 2) during the research period, all the kinds of mining cities were in the situation of weak sustainable development in most years; 3) the pressure on resources and environment in the multi-resources cities was the most serious; 4) the petro-leum cities showed the strong trend of sustainable development; and 5) in recent years, the driving function of eco-nomic development for material consuming has continuously strengthened and the controlling function of material utilizing efficiency for it has weakened. The key approaches to promote the development of circular economy of min-ing cities in Northeast China are put forward in the following aspects: 1) to strengthen the research and development of the technique of resources' cycling utilization, 2) to improve the utilizing efficiency of resources, and 3) to carry out the auditing system of resources utilization.     

Deriving Changjiang coastal zone wind from C-band SAR and its application to salinity simulation

Wind plays an important role in hydrodynamic processes such as the expansion of Changjiang （Yangtze） River Diluted Water （CDW）, and shelf circulation in the Changjiang estuary. Thus, it is essential to include wind in the numerical simulation of these phenomena. Synthetic aperture radar （SAR） with high resolution and wide spatial coverage is valuable for measuring spatially inhomogeneous ocean surface wind fields. We have collected 87 ERS-2 SAR images with wind-induced streaks that cover the Cbangjiang coastal area, to verify and improve the validity of wind direction retrieval using the 2D fast Fourier transform method. We then used these wind directions as inputs to derive SAR wind speeds using the C-band model. To demonstrate the applicability of the algorithms, we validated the SAR-retrieved wind fields using QuikSCAT measurements and the atmospheric Weather Research Forecasting model. In general, we found good agreement between the datasets, indicating the reliability and applicability of SAR- retrieved algorithms under different atmospheric conditions. We investigated the main error sources of this process, and conducted sensitivity analyses to estimate the wind speed errors caused by the effect of speckle, uncertainties in wind direction, and inaccuracies in the normalized radar cross section. Finally, we used the SAR-retrieved wind fields to simulate the salinity distribution off the Changjiang estuary. The findings of this study will be valuable for wind resource assessment and the development of future numerical ocean models based on SAR images.     

The impact of physical processes on pollutant transport in Hangzhou Bay

A Lagrangian tracer model is set up for Hangzhou Bay based on Coupled Hydrodynamical Ecological model for Regional Shelf Sea (COHERENS). The study area is divided into eight subdomains to identify the dominant physical processes, and the studied periods are March (the dry season) and July (the wet season). The model performance has been first verified by sea-surface elevation and tidal current observations at several stations. Eight tracer experiments are designed and Lagrangian particle tracking is simulated to examine the impact of physical processes (tide, wind and river runoff) on the transport of passive tracer released within the surface layer. Numerical simulations and analysis indicate that: (1) wind does not change the tracer distribution after 30 days except for those released from the south area of the bay during the wet season; (2) the tide and the Qiantang River runoff are important for particle transport in the head area of the bay; (3) the Changjiang River runoff affects the tracer transport at the mouth of the bay, and its impact is smaller in the dry season than in the wet season. Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40576080); National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program, No. 2007AA12Z182)     

Contribution of Oceanic Circulation to the Poleward Heat Flux

Oceanic contribution to the poleward heat flux in the climate system includes two components： the sensible heat flux and the latent heat flux. Although the latent heat flux has been classified as atmospheric heat flux exclusively, it is argued that oceanic control over this component of poleward heat flux should play a critically important role. The so-called swamp ocean model practice is analyzed in detail, and the critical role of oceanic circulation in the establishment of the meridional moisture transport is emphasized.     

Contribution of oceanic circulation to the polewar heat flux

Oceanic contribution to the poleward heat flux in the climate system includes two components: the sensible heat flux and the latent heat flux. Although the latent heat flux has been classified as atmospheric heat flux exclusively, it is argued that oceanic control over this component of poleward heat flux should play a critically important role. The so-called swamp ocean model practice is analyzed in detail, and the critical role of oceanic circulation in the establishment of the meridional moisture transport is emphasized.     

A STUDY ON CELLULAR AUTOMATA BASED ON RELATIONAL DATABASES AND SPATIO-TEMPORAL SIMULATIONS OF CULTURE DIFFUSION

This paper presents a development of the extended Cellular Automata (CA), based on relational databases(RDB), to model dynamic interactions among spatial objects. The integration of Geographical Information System (GIS)and CA has the great advantage of simulating geographical processes. But standard CA has some restrictions in cellularshape and neighbourheod and neighbour rules, which restrict the CA‘s ability to simulate complex, real world environ-ments. This paper discusses a cell‘‘s spatial relation based on the spatial object‘s geometrical and non-geometrical characteris-tics, and extends the cell‘‘ s neighbour definition, and considers that the cell‘ s neighbour lies in the forms of not only spa-tial adjacency but also attribute correlation. This paper then puts forward that spatial relations between two different ceilscan be divided into three types, including spatial adjacency, neighbourheod and complicated separation. Based on tradition-al ideas, it is impossible to settle CA‘‘s restrictions completely. RDB-based CA is an academic experiment, in whichsome fields are designed to describe the essential information needed to define and select a cell‘‘s neighbour. The cultureinnovation diffusion system has multiple forms of space diffusion and inherited characteristics that the RDB-based CA iscapable of simulating more effectively. Finally this paper details a successful case study on the diffusion of fashion weartrends. Compared to the original CA, the RDB-based CA is a more natural and efficient representation of human knowl-edge over space, and is an effective tool in simulating complex systems that have multiple forms of spatial diffusion.     

The application of a numerical model to coastal surface water waves

Based on the Navier-Stokes Equations (NSE), numerical simulation with fine grids is conducted to simulate the coastal surface wave changes, including wave generation, propagation, transformation and interactions between waves and structures. This numerical model has been tested for the generation of the desired incident waves, including both regular and random waves. Some numerical results of this model are compared with available experimental data. In order to apply this model to actual cases, boundary conditions are considered in detail for different shoreline types (beach or breakwater, slope or vertical wall, etc. ). Finally, the utility of the model to a real coastal area is shown by applying it to a fishing port located in Shidao, Rongcheng, Shandong Province, P.R. China.