非均匀浅海中噪声场的时空相关函数

对噪声场的时空相关函数的理论研究,以往的工作均是就海水介质是均匀的全空间或是均匀的半空间来处理问题的。对非均匀浅海中噪声场的时空相关函数讨论得较少,只在文献[6]中进行了一些讨论,但[6]中的结果与[1]中的结果不一致。本文仍据[1,2]中的结果,用简正波理论来计算非均匀浅海中噪声场的时空相关函数。     

表面噪声源的噪声场时空相关函数

噪声场的时空相关数由于在抗干扰应用上的重要性,已引起人们的注意,并已做了一些理论和实验的研究。 噪声场时空相关函数的较早期工作是厄卡特作的,他建立了所讨论的空间内无噪声源时的时空相关函数所满足的微分方程组,从而导出了均匀各向同性噪声场的时空相关函数的表式。1962年,柯罗尼与谢曼就海水介质是均匀和无吸收的情况,计算了两种噪声模型的单频归一化空间相关函数。1966年,许祯镛采用传播网络算子工具,建立了所讨论区域内     

浅海有限面积源的噪声场空间相关特性研究

本文对有限面积噪声源产生的噪声场的空间相关特性作了讨论。分别研究了接收器处于源区域里面和外面的情形。对一浅海典型声速剖面和 Baltic海区的噪声场相关特性及噪声场强度进行了计算 ,并与无限大噪声源平面的噪声场特性作了比较。同时 ,为把连续谱考虑在内 ,引入一虚假深海底 ,用复模式和来近似计算分支割线的贡献。但当接收器远离源区域时 ,连续谱经过在下介质中的长程传播 ,衰减迅速 ,故其对噪声场的贡献可以忽略 ,而仅考虑离散简正波场的贡献。结果发现 ,有限面积源的噪声场结构无论是水平结构 ,还是垂直结构均是不均匀的 ,都依赖于接收场点的绝对位置。这与无限大噪声源平面所形成的噪声场的特性是不一样的     

两种膨胀算子及其不动点定理

设(X,d)为完备的距离空间,f是映(X,d)到(x,d)的算子。 王尚志等在[1]中对应于Rhoades关于压缩型映射的分类方式,给出了三种相应的膨胀算子的定义,分别称为第一型、第二型和第三型膨胀算子。 第一型:存在常数a>1,,使得对任何x,y∈X,均有     

大黄鱼噪声谱分析

一、序言海洋中自然噪声是水声探测仪器的水下主要干扰源之一。这些噪声源中起主要作用的有海水运动噪声,包括因风速变化引起海面扰动产生的噪声、船只噪声、以及生物噪声等。它们在不同频率上有不同的特性,而且在谱的任一区域中,这些源中的一个或几个将超过其他源起主导作用。显然,自然噪声是由海洋中各种声源组合的结果,这种不同组合构成了自然噪声谱特性随着不同海区和时间而不同。Wenz,G、M、[3]、     

涉及微分多项式和差分多项式的亚纯函数的唯一性

应用差分Nevanlinna理论研究亚纯函数及其移动算子或差分算子的1类非线性微分多项式分担1个非零公共值的亚纯函数的唯一性问题。本文结果部分回答了2009年方明亮提出的1个涉及微分多项式的亚纯函数唯一性问题,推广了Lahiri[6]、杨重骏和华歆厚[7]和方明亮[8]中的相应结果。     

东太平洋海底结核及相关沉积物的稀土元素地球化学特征

海底多金属结核多分布于沉积物表面,而且二者之间关系密切.宏观上,结核的丰度、品位、形态及分布规律与海底地形、地层结构、沉积厚度及沉积物类型有密切关系[1,2];微观上,结核和相关沉积物的元素组成有一定的联系[3~7]1).     

船舶噪声对浅海海洋环境噪声空间相关的影响

通过对2001年亚洲海国际声学实验(ASIAEX)得到的海洋环境噪声数据进行处理,计算了噪声场空间相关系数、功率谱密度和垂直指向性,分别研究了受到远距离和近距离船舶辐射噪声影响的海洋环境噪声空间相关性.结果表明:船舶距离较远(10 km)时其辐射噪声会导致500 Hz以下的海洋环境噪声的空间相关性提高,而对500 Hz以上噪声的空间相关性没有影响;船舶距离较近(≤10 km)时,船舶辐射噪声会导致500 Hz以下的海洋环境噪声相关系数振荡变化,噪声空间相关性曲线在噪声信号声程差相差四分之一波长时出现第一个零点,对500 Hz以上的海洋环境噪声则会引起噪声能量升高,噪声的空间相关性也相对提高.基于现有理论,分别讨论了远距离船舶和近距离船舶产生的噪声场声学特性,对两种噪声场的海洋环境噪声空间相关性进行了合理的解释.     

低声速海底反射损失的测量

在浅海声场分析中，海底反射系数是个重要参数。近20年来，国外由于浅海声场预报及声纳研制的需要，做了大量关于海底反射损失的实验。最早的海底反射系数的测量工作是由Lieberman[1]等人做的。有关沉积层的声学特性方面的大量测量工作是Hamilton和Hampton等人做的[2-5]。     

随机微分方程关于部分变元的稳定性和不稳定性

引言 在科学研究中,往往会提出一个系统关于部分变元的稳定性,这可以参考[1]。在随机控制问题中,也提出一个随机系统关于部分变元的稳定性,这可以参考最近的文献[2]。本文作者在[3][4]中分别讨论了有色噪声随机系统与Ito随机系统关于部分变元运动稳定性,[2][3][4]都是用李雅普诺夫函数的方法,本文从另外一个角度来研究Ito随机系统的部分变元稳定性。中心思想是把高维系统的问题归结为较低维的系统的     

THE BOTTOM REFLECTION OF CONTINENTAL SHELF

This paper analyses the seabed reflection coefficient of the "geoacoustic model" of continental terrace in shallow water, which includes two kinds of parametres: the "type parameters" and the "structure parameters".For small grazing angle, the "structure parameters" become nonsensitive in a certain band of sound frequency and the reflection coefficient is determined by the "type parameters". However, the former are sensitive for "low sound speed" sea floors.For large grazing angle, the "structure parameters" affect sound reflection character greatly.     

多极化SAR溢油探测影响因素分析研究

Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar(SAR) oil spill detection parameters conformity coefficient(μ), Muller matrix parameters(|C|, B_0), the eigenvalues of simplified coherency matrix(λ_(nos)) and the influence of SAR observing parameters, ocean environment and noise level are investigated. Radarsat-2 data are used to make systematic analysis of polarimetric parameters for different incidences, wind speeds, noise levels and the ocean phenomena(oil slick and look likes). The influence of the SAR observing parameters, the ocean environment and the noise level on the typical polarimetric SAR parameter conformity coefficient has been analyzed. The results indicate that conformity coefficient cannot be simply used for oil spill detection, which represents the image signal to the noise level to some extent. When the signals are below the noise level for the oil slick and the look likes, the conformity coefficients are negative; while the signals above the noise level corresponds to positive conformity coefficients. For dark patches(low wind and biogenic slick) with the signal below the noise,polarization features such as conformity coefficient cannot separate them with oil slick. For the signal above the noise, the oil slick, the look likes(low wind and biogenic slick) and clean sea all have positive conformity coefficients, among which, the oil slick has the smallest conformity coefficient, the look likes the second, and the clean sea the largest value. For polarimetric SAR data oil spill detection, the noise plays a significant role. So the polarimetric SAR data oil spill detection should be carried out on the basis of noise consideration.     

南黄海盆地地震试验数据处理分析方法与成果

基于南黄海海相残留盆地的油气地震勘探,开展了针对性的沉放深度与枪阵组合的地震采集参数海上试验,对试验数据进行了子波特征、频带、能量、信噪比和F—K频谱的分析工作,制定了统一的处理流程,并进行了成像处理。在上述工作的基础上,对不同的试验参数进行了对比分析,优选了地震资料批量采集参数。     

环胶州湾公路(陆域)建设工程环境影响预测

提出环胶州湾公路陆域部分的环境影响评价,指出交通噪声和汽车尾气对公路沿线环境的影响,并按环保要求论证了该公路走向选线的合理性和设计的可行性。     

南黄海地震资料邻船干扰特征及压制方法

受过往船只的影响,南黄海地震原始资料普遍存在邻船干扰,使地震数据的品质受到严重影响。在系统总结前人研究成果的基础上,指出邻船干扰在炮集上具有直线型、双曲线型和不规则近双曲线形态,同时具有传播路径相对简单、相对高振幅、宽频带特征。利用将邻船干扰拉平后去除及共偏移距域内f—x预测滤波方法对南黄海二维地震资料进行了测试,结果表明,2种方法均能较好地去除邻船干扰,其中后者更易于实现。     

桩柱周围海底冲刷深度计算及动力参数的选取

通过６０年代以来研究的桩柱周围海底冲刷深度计算模式的对比分析表明,我国学者王汝凯等人提出的“普遍冲刷深度”、“局部冲刷深度”和“总冲刷深度”的计算模式在科研和生产实践中是可行的,能给设计和施工提供科学的和有价值的参数。各种冲刷深度的计算模式如下：普遍冲刷深度ｌｇ（Ｓｕ０／ｎ＋０．０５）＝－０．６６３＋０．３６４９ｌｇα（１）局部冲刷深度ｌｇ（Ｓｕ１／ｈ）＝－１．２９３５＋０．１９１７ｌｇβ（２）总     

Self-noise measurements using a moored sonobuoy with a suspended hydrophone

Moored sonobuoys are used for refraction seismic measurements at sea, although the range of operation is limited by the self noise caused by the hydrophone suspension.In this paper the main causes of self noise are discussed and a useful deployment scheme of a moored sonobuoy with suspended hydrophone is described.Some design criteria, in particular an equation for calculation of the optimal length of the expandable rubber band-which is situated between the surface float and the damping-body-are discussed.Finally, it is shown from noise measurements during the F. S. Valdivia cruise in 1975, that self noise level in the band 2 Hz to 20 Hz is 180 mPa to 280 mPa at a fully developed windsea with a characteristic wave height of more than 4 meters and a waterstream velocity about 0.5 m s¹.During these measurements the hydrophone was attached to the cable without rubber band. It is concluded that at a normal seastate the self noise level can be reduced to the order of ocean floor noise.     

气旋天气形势下石臼港近海的风浪特性

气旋天气过程引起的大浪是石臼港近海灾害性海浪之一。本文对1979年12月的一次气旋天气影响下的实测海浪进行了分析;论述了波要素的某些特点、波高与周期分布以及风与浪的关系;并讨论了风浪谱及其参量特征,得到了一个与实测谱接近的拟合谱形式。     

Vertical Directionality of Midfrequency Surface Noise in Downward-Refracting Environments

The vertical directionality of ambient noise due to surface agitation for frequencies between 2 and 5 kHz propagated to a subsurface receiver has a characteristic shape, knowledge of which may enhance shallow-water operations. In general, the noise level is highest at upward-looking angles and attenuated at downward-looking angles depending on the nature of the bottom. In environments with a negative profile gradient, the noise level is also greatly reduced in a low-angle shadow zone or "notch" at angles around horizontal. This paper reviews the character of vertical noise directionality by examining two measured data sets and considering the underlying physical mechanisms that drive the form of the distribution. A discussion of the implications of vertical noise directionality for design and operation of receiving sonar systems is presented. In particular, the effect of mainlobe beamwidth and sidelobe suppression are considered along with the directionality of the noise field. Finally, an overview of the derivation of a vertical noise model based on the integrated mode method of propagation prediction is followed by model reproduction of measurements.     

SPECIAL FEATURE OF UNDERWATER AMBIENT NOISE IN NORTHERN HUANGHAI SEA AND ITS DEPENDENCE ON WIND SPEED

The local special feature of underwater ambient noise in the northern Huanghai sea has been investigated. The results obtained from the analysis of data measured for six days and nights have shown that the time-varying characterization of ambient noise spectrum level is remarkable and its fluctuation at every analyzed frequency band presents an equiform periodicity varying with time synchronously. The dependence of average ambient sea noise spectrum level on logarithmic wind speed within the middle range (16-30 knot) appears in "V" form.The current Crouch's conclusion (1972) has been developed by us to be a mathematical model based on the segment correlation regression. Using this model to describe and expain the characterization of local ambient sea noise is available.