科尔沁东部沙地土壤可风蚀性研究

使用筛析法和SA—CP3粒度分析仪对科尔沁东部沙的耕地、沙岗地和裸地7个表土样品进行分析测试。结果表明：①研究区表土粒度组成以细砂和中砂为主（50%-70％），土壤可风蚀性较高；②不同土地利用类型中，耕地土壤可风蚀性程度大于沙岗地和裸地；③同一流域不同位置的土壤可风蚀性程度，西辽河东岸大于西岸；④对大气的粉尘贡献率，耕地远大于沙岗地和裸地。     

High-pressure marble at Yangguantun,Rongcheng County,Shandong Province,eastern China

Summary Four generations of minerals have been confirmed in an eclogite-bearing impure marble located at Yangguantun, Rongcheng county, eastern Shandong province, China in the eastern part of the collision zone between the Sino-Korean and Yangtze cratons.(1) Early stage: high-Al-P-F titanite, pure zoisite and jadeite-bearing diopside occur as rounded aggregates surrounded by main stage amphiboles and titanites. (2) The main stage assemblage is characterized by hornblende (I), titanite (II), calcite, dolomite and phlogopite; they are intergrown with each other or occur as corona around the primary diopside, zoisite or titanite. (3) Earlier retrogression stage: hornblende (I) is replaced by hornblende (II) which occurs around hornblende (I). (4) Later retrogression stage: hornblende (II) is replaced by tremolite, chlorite and albite.The early stage is correlated with the eclogitic facies, but the main, earlier retrogression and later retrogression stages reflect retrogressions of eclogitic marble at different depth during decompression. The high pressure evidence and the metamorphic evolution of the marble studied, whose precursor was of crustal sedimentary affinity, indicate that the marble was subducted from the surface to great depth and then uplifted into the country rock gneiss, together with ultra-high-pressure eclogite and ultramafic rocks.

---

Hochdruck-Marmore in Yangguantun, Rongcheng, Shangdong Provinz, Ostchina

Zusammenfassung Vier Mineralgenerationen werden in unreinen, Eklogit-führenden Marmoren aus Yangguantun, Rongcheng, in der östlichen Shangdong Provinz Chinas unterschieden. Diese Gesteine sind im östlichen Teil der Kollisionszone zwischen dem Sino- koreanischen und dem Yangtze Kraton aufgeschlossen.(1) Frühes Metamorphosestadium: Hoch-Al-P-F-Titanit, reiner Zoisit und Jadeitführender Diopsid kommen als rundliche Aggregate, die von Amphibolen der Hauptphase und Titanit umwachsen werden, vor. (2) Die Paragenese der metamorphen Hauptphase ist durch Hornblende (I), Titanit (II), Calcit, Dolomit und Phlogopit charakterisiert. Diese Minerale sind eng miteinander verwachsen und bilden Koronartexturen um primären Diopsid, Zoisit und Titanit. (3) Frühes retrogrades Metamorphosestadium: Hornblende (I) wird von Hornblende (II), die sich um Hornblende (I) ausbildet, verdrängt. (4) Spätes retrogrades Metamorphosestadium: Hornblende (II) wird durch Tremolit, Chlorit und Albit verdrängt.Das frühe Stadium wird mit der Eklogitfazies, das Haupt- und die anschließenden retrograden Stadien werden mit der retrograden Metamorphose dieser eklogitischen Marmore in unterschiedlichen Tiefen infolge von Dekompression korreliert. Die hohen Drucke und die Entwicklungsgeschichte der untersuchten Marmore, die sich von krustalem sedimentären Material ableiten, belegen, daß die Subduktion dieses Materials von der Oberfläche in große Tiefen und der anschließende Uplift in die umgebenden Gneise, gemeinsam mit der Ultra-Hochdruckmetamorphose der Eklogite und ultramafischer Gesteine erfolgt sein muß.

---

---

With 6 Figures     

冀东沉积变质型铁矿床瞬变电磁响应研究

本文介绍瞬变电磁方法在冀东沉积变质型铁矿勘查中的应用。根据冀东地区成矿地质背景,以及BIF型铁矿的矿体形态、产状、赋存部位、规模大小及含矿岩层特征,建立了层状模型、透镜体模型与向形模型三种地质模型。将地质模型转化为可处理的地球物理模型,按实际地质情况改变模型参数,完成了瞬变电磁的时域二维正演计算。分析了三种模型在多种情况下（低阻覆盖层、不同倾角、不同深度、发射源特征和不同电阻率）的瞬变电磁响应特征。结果表明,低阻覆盖层对于瞬变电磁场的扩散有一定的屏蔽作用,因而减小探测深度;随着矿体倾角的逐渐增大,瞬变电磁响应强度逐渐减弱,水平板状矿体比垂直板状矿体的响应要更为明显;勘探效果随着地质体埋深的增加而逐渐减弱;发射磁矩的大小对于瞬变电磁场的强弱产生直接影响,在实际应用中需要结合多方面因素,选择最佳的发射边长来达到最佳的勘查效果。利用冀东司家营地区进行的瞬变电磁勘察数据,研究了该地区铁矿床瞬变电磁响应特征,验证了上述模型的结论。     

Cretaceous deformation history of the middle Tan-Lu fault zone in Shandong Province, eastern China

Based on field analysis of fault-slip data from different rock units of the Cretaceous basins along the middle part of the Tan-Lu fault zone (Shandong Province, eastern China), we document polyphase tectonic stress fields and address the changes in sense of motion of the Tan-Lu fault zone during the Cretaceous. The Cretaceous deformation history of the Tan-Lu fault zone can be divided into four main stages. The first stage, during the earliest Cretaceous, was dominated by N-S extension responsible for the formation of the Jiaolai basin. We interpret this extension to be related to dextral strike-slip pull-apart opening guided by the Tan-Lu fault zone. The second stage, during the middle Early Cretaceous, was overwhelmingly rift-dominated and characterized by widespread silicic to intermediate volcanism, normal faulting and basin subsidence. It was at this stage that the Tan-Lu-parallel Yi-Shu Rift was initiated by E-W to WNW-ESE extension. The tectonic regime then changed during the late Early Cretaceous to NW-SE-oriented transpression, causing inversion of the Early Cretaceous rift basin and sinistral slip along the Tan-Lu fault zone. During the Late Cretaceous, dextral activation of the Tan-Lu fault zone resulted in pull-apart opening of the Zhucheng basin, which was subsequently deformed by NE-SW compression. This deformation chronology of the Tan-Lu fault zone and the associated Cretaceous basins allow us to constrain the regional kinematic models as related to subduction along the eastern margin of Asia, or related to collision in the Tibet region.     

Mid-Holocene climate change and its effect on prehistoric cultural evolution in eastern Qinghai Province,China

We studied the mid-Holocene climate change in eastern Qinghai Province, China and its impact on the evolution of Majiayao (3980–2050 BC) and Qijia (2183–1635 BC) cultures, near the important Neolithic site of Changning. The investigation focused on analyses of grain size, magnetic susceptibility, ratios of elemental contents, and pollen assemblage from a loess–paleosol sequence. The results indicate that the climate was wet during 5830–4900 cal yr BP, which promoted the development of early-mid Majiayao culture in eastern Qinghai Province. However, 4900–4700 cal yr BP were drought years in the region, responsible for the decline and eastward movement of prehistoric culture during the period of transition from early-mid to late Majiayao culture. The climate turned wet again during 4700–3940 cal yr BP, which accelerated the spread of Qijia culture to the middle reaches of the Huangshui River, including the Changning site.     

浙江浦江晚中生代埃达克质火山岩的成因

浙江浦江地区白垩纪劳村组存在一套独特的中酸性火山岩,其主量元素表现出富 Al_2O_3(>16%)和 Na_2O(4.01%～4.52%),高 Na_2O/K_2O(1.94～5.51,平均2.89),高 Sr(583～643μg/g),贫 Y(11.4～13.2μg/g)和 HREE(如 Yb=1.16～1.26μg/g),以及低(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i(0.7041～0.7043)和高ε_(Nd)(t)(0.3～2.3)。这些火山岩在元素-同位素组成上明显不同于浦江地区或区域上的晚中生代中酸性火山岩,而与现代俯冲带产出的埃达克岩类似。由于这些岩石相对于晚中生代的基性岩浆具有更低的(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i 比值,因此难以通过玄武岩浆的分离结晶或同化混染作用来解释,最有可能是地壳部分熔融的产物,在构造背景方面,目前还没有确切的证据说明区域存在晚中生代洋壳的俯冲作用,我们倾向于认为劳村组埃达克质火山岩可能为新增生玄武质地壳部分熔融的结果,其形成与区域上中生代地壳增生作用有直接的动力学联系。     

辽东裂谷硼铁矿床地质及成矿作用

辽东硼铁矿床是一处类型独特的超大型矿床。文章对该矿床的地质特征、矿石物质组成、矿床稀土元素和稳定同位素特征及矿化时代进行了研究。研究表明,该矿床的成矿作用主要表现为海底热水沉积成矿,区域变质混合岩化作用对矿床进行了强烈的叠加改造,使硼铁进一步富集而形成工业矿床。     

江苏东海榴辉岩相变质脉体的流体包裹体研究

苏鲁超高压变质带南部的东海地区产出大量榴辉岩体,其中存在含蓝晶石-黝帘石／褐帘石-绿辉石-金红石（＋磷灰石＋锆石）石英脉,它们含有与榴辉岩主岩相近似的矿物组合,故应该是在与榴辉岩相近的超高压P—T奈件下形成的。这些脉体的褐帘石／黝帘石和金红石具有很高的稀土元素（REE）和高场强元素（HFSE）含量及变化的Sr、Ba、V和Cr含量。脉体的蓝晶石,特别是褐帘石和黝帘石含有丰富的固体与流体包裹体,包括：（1）多相固体包裹体（muhiphase solid inclusions,Ⅰ型）;（2）多子晶流体包裹体（muhidaughter mineral—bearing fluid inclusions,Ⅱ型）;（3）H2O-CO2包裹体（Ⅲ型）;（4）高盐度盐水包裹体（Ⅳ型）;和（5）中-低盐度H2O包裹体（Ⅴ型）。Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型包裹体主要存在于蓝晶石中,偶尔见于黝帘石中,呈孤立分布或沿晶内裂隙分布;Ⅱ型包裹体多沿褐帘石和黝帘石晶核密集或随机分布,或沿晶内裂隙分布;Ⅳ型和Ⅴ型包裹体多见于石英中,也见于褐帘石和黝帘石中,一般沿裂隙分布。能谱和激光拉曼探针分析表明Ⅰ型包裹体中的固相有钠云母、刚玉、方解石、菱铁矿、硬石膏、重晶石、磁铁矿和黄铁矿,以及未知相;Ⅱ型包裹体中的固相有白（钠）云母、硬石膏、方解石、磷灰石、天青石、磁铁矿和黄铁矿,以及未知含水硅酸盐等;Ⅲ型包裹体主要含H2O和CO2;Ⅳ型包裹体除含H2O液相外,常见固相有石盐、方解石和不透明矿物,而气相有时可合明显数量的CO2和N2。显微测温显示,多数Ⅱ型包裹体的冰点（Tmi）在-5℃～0℃,相应的盐度为0～7．86％NaCl equiv．。鉴于Ⅱ型包裹体含有多种子矿物,根据包裹体中固体总含量并结合溶解度资料估计,Ⅱa和Ⅱb型包裹体中溶质浓度可分别达到40％～70％和25％-40％,原始流体可能属于Na^＋-Ca^2＋（Sr^2＋）-Mg^2＋-Fe^2＋-CO3^2--CO4^2-SiO3^2-±PO4^3--Cl^--H2O体系。Ⅳ型包裹体中CO2固相熔化温度为-58．1～-58．0℃,激光拉曼探针分析证实CO2相中还存在N2;CO2（-N2）相的均一温度（ThCO2）为9．8～18％,相应的CO2（-N2）相流体密度为0．739—0．784g／cm^3。加热时石盐熔化温度（Ta）为201～428℃,液-气均一温度（Th）从184到≥450℃,相应的含水相盐度为31.12％-≥53％NaCl。黝帘石和石英中V型包裹体Tc接近-21℃,Tmi分别为-4．5～-19．0℃和-3．2～-18．4℃,相应的盐度分别为7．17％～≥20．68％NaCl和5．26％～21．26％NaCl equiv．不等。高压脉体中存在丰富的流体包裹体证明这些脉体是在有自由流体相的条件下形成的。包裹体的产状和结构关系表明,原生Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型包裹体是在蓝晶石、褐帘石和黝帘石生长期间捕获的,流体可能来自于大陆板块深俯冲期间含水矿物的脱水反应。在超高压条件下,这种流体属于含水硅酸盐熔体一含水流体体系,含有大量溶质和微量元素。流体组成与岩石（矿物）类型有关,反映矿物结晶时与周围流体介质构成了局部的缓冲体系,并从周围流体介质中获取了所需要的组分,即产生榴辉岩相脉体的流体是就地来源的。由于超高压峰期变质后,苏鲁地体经历了快速折返和抬升,超高压条件下捕获的流体包裹体都经受了部分爆裂一再平衡,流体包裹体的密度大大降低;同时,流体包裹体有可能与主矿物腔壁相互作用,引起流体成分改变。     

Geology,geochemistry, and genesis of the hot-spring-type Sipingshan gold deposit,eastern Heilongjiang Province,Northeast China

The Sipingshan gold deposit, located in the eastern part of the Nadanhada Terrane, is hosted within cherts and silicified breccias of the Upper Cretaceous Sipingshan Formation and rhyolites of the Upper Cretaceous Datashanlinchang Formation. The orebodies are composed of gold- and pyrite-bearing cherts, silicified breccias, and quartz veins accompanied by various types of wall rock alteration, including silicification, pyritization, sericitization, chloritization, pyrophyllitization, and carbonatization. LA-ICP-MS U–Pb zircon ages determined for the ore-bearing rhyolites range between 122 ± 1.4 and 135.2 ± 1.9 million years slightly older than the metallogenic age of the Sipingshan gold deposit. The rhyolite has aluminium saturation index values ranging from 0.015 to 1.25 and shows the following features: enrichment in LILE (e.g. Rb, Pb, K, and Th); depletion of Ba, Sm, and Ti; and negative Eu anomalies. These geochemical characteristics indicate that (1) the rhyolite contains features typical of S-type granites; (2) the felsic magma likely originated through partial melting of the continental crust; and (3) plagioclase crystals were present in the partial melt residues in the magma source region, or else magma evolution involved plagioclase fractionation. The host cherts have high Al/(Al + Fe + Mn) ratios (0.23–0.81, averaging 0.60) and low Al₂O₃ and TiO₂ contents. Their North American shale-normalized REE patterns are characterized by flat REE, slightly positive Eu anomalies, no Ce anomalies, and (La/Yb)_SN ratios of 1.27–1.38, indicating that these cherts formed in a continental margin environment. In addition, the analysed cherts have low ΣREE (1.56–3.64 ppm) and Zr (9.1–13.5 ppm) contents, suggesting a hydrothermal origin. Fluid inclusions in quartz veins show elliptical to irregular shapes that range from 5 to 12 μm in size and have homogenization temperatures of 118.7–223.4°C, densities of 0.84–0.94 g/cm³, and pressures of 21.2–51.4 MPa, indicating that the hot-spring-type Sipingshan gold deposit is epithermal in origin.     

Geochemical and isotopic constraints on the age and origin of mafic dikes from eastern Shandong Province,eastern North China Craton

Post-orogenic mafic dikes are widespread across eastern Shandong Province, North China Craton, eastern China. We here report new U–Pb zircon ages and bulk-rock geochemical and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic data for representative samples of these rocks. LA-ICP-MS U–Pb zircon analysis of two mafic dike samples yields consistent ages of 118.7 ± 0.25 million years and 122.4 ± 0.21 million years. These Mesozoic mafic dikes are characterized by high (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) _i ranging from 0.7082 to 0.7087, low ?_Nd(t) values from??17.0 to??17.5, ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb from 17.14 to 17.18, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb from 15.44 to 15.55, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb from 37.47 to 38.20. Our results suggest that the parental magmas of these dikes were derived from an ancient, enriched lithospheric mantle source that was metasomatized by foundered lower crustal eclogitic materials prior to magma generation. The mafic dikes underwent minor fractionation during ascent and negligible crustal contamination. Combined with previous studies, these findings provide additional evidence that intense lithospheric thinning beneath eastern Shandong occurred at ～120 Ma, and that this condition was caused by the removal/foundering of the lithospheric mantle and lower crust.     

滇东老厂煤田晚二叠世聚煤环境剖析与成煤模式

通过对滇东老厂煤田形成的地质背景和晚二叠世含煤地层沉积特征的综合分析,剖析了典型的潮坪聚煤环境和三角洲聚煤环境及其成煤作用。该区晚二叠世的海陆过渡环境演化顺序为:局限碳酸盐台地—泻湖潮坪—浅水三角洲聚煤环境,其中从龙潭中期末至长兴期各种聚煤条件配合最有利于聚煤。所以,后期的潮坪和浅水三角洲是该区最重要的聚煤环境。据此,初步建立了该区晚二叠世聚煤期的环境演化与成煤模式     

湘东地区锡田印支期花岗岩的地球化学特征及其构造意义

华南印支期花岗岩分布较为分散,其构造背景长期存在争议。湘东地区的锡田印支期花岗岩位于扬子板块和华夏板块的结合带中部,主要由黑云母花岗岩和黑云母二长花岗岩组成,二者均含有较高的SiO_2(67.6%~76.8%)和全碱含量(ALK=K_2O+Na_2O,6.8%~10.7%),呈过铝质的特征(A/CNK值范围为1.0~1.2),分异指数D.I值为84~93;微量元素显示出Rb、Th、U富集和Ba、Nb、Sr、P、Ti亏损的特征,稀土元素配分图呈右倾海鸥状,轻重稀土分馏明显,指示岩体经历了高度的分异演化;P_2O_5和微量元素比值随着分异程度变化的特征,表明岩石过铝质的特征是由高度的分离结晶作用造成。锡田印支期花岗岩的ε_(Hf)(t)值为-11.3~-4.34,δ~(18)O值分布范围为6.9‰~10.8‰,O同位素分布较为分散,主要是记录了源岩与流体的不同特征。Hf同位素的二阶段模式年龄为1.6～2.2Ga,反映其源区主要为中元古-古元古代的华夏基底;Hf-O同位素呈现出良好的线性关系,同时未蚀变的花岗岩明显偏离源岩为沉积岩的大容山花岗岩,表明锡田花岗岩的形成受到了幔源岩浆的底侵作用。结合邻区邓阜仙岩体和王仙岭岩体的研究成果,显示研究区在印支期就处于伸展的构造背景,可能与古太平洋板块的俯冲作用有关。     

滇东地区裂谷盆地内火山—侵入岩序列与金属成矿

碱性岩浆对金属成矿和金属矿集区有独特控制作用,因火山—侵入岩序列与金属成矿和岩浆叠加侵入构造系统识别难度大,长期制约了深部勘探和找矿预测。本文以云南东川铁铜金矿集区(元古宙陆缘裂谷盆地)和个旧锡铜钨铯铷多金属矿集区(三叠纪弧后裂谷盆地)为主,采用大比例尺构造岩相学填图新方法,解析研究了碱性岩浆活动有关的火山—侵入岩侵入序列与岩石组合、裂谷盆地演化和岩浆叠加侵入构造系统,揭示了它们与滇东地区铁氧化物铜金型(IOCG)、铜钴- 金红石- 稀土和锡铜钨铯铷多金属矿叠加成矿内在关系。研究认为：① 云南东川铁铜金矿集区内,新太古代末期碱性岩类以方解石钠长岩(2520±14 Ma)和碱性铁质苦橄岩(2529±77 Ma)为主。新太古界—古元古界小溜口岩组(＞2. 50 Ga)顶部古岩溶风化壳,受中元古代火山喷发—岩浆侵入构造叠加再造形成了特殊单元(独立填图单元, 2. 50~1. 80 Ga),它们是铜钴- 金红石- 稀土矿床的新找矿层位。② 在中元古界因民组一段内,铁钠质碱性基性岩、铁钾质粗面岩和铁质碱性辉绿辉长岩等岩石组合形成于因民期火山断陷成盆期。因民组二段和三段是稀矿山式铁铜矿床储矿层位,铁铜矿层下盘铁钾质粗面岩为独居石型稀土成矿层位。在格林威尔造山期碱性钛铁质辉长岩(1097~1047 Ma)- 碱性钛铁质闪长岩- 碱性二长斑岩等碱性钛铁质侵入岩体,形成了白锡腊深部IOCG矿床和金红石富集成矿。③ 在个旧三叠纪弧后裂谷盆地内,三叠纪碱性苦橄岩和碱玄岩中形成了Sn- Cu- Zn- Li- Rb- Cs初始富集;在晚白垩世浅色花岗岩叠加成矿作用下,形成了金云母矽卡岩型锡铜钨铯铷矿床。④ 裂谷盆地内早期碱性岩中初始富集金属与后期富含成矿金属的碱性侵入岩叠加成矿可能是金属超常富集机理。在东川地区岩浆叠加侵入构造内,岩浆热液角砾岩筒对铜钴- 金红石- 稀土元素叠加富集成矿控制显著;在个旧地区,浅色花岗岩侵入于碱性苦橄岩- 碱玄岩中,对金云母矽卡岩型锡铜钨钴铯铷矿床的叠加富集成矿控制显著。     

Archean granulite gneisses from eastern Hebei Province,China: rare earth geochemistry and tectonic implications

The granulite gneisses and their retrograded products of the Qianxi Group from eastern Hebei Province, China, have been investigated for their isotope and trace element geochemistry. A consistent age of about 2.5 AE has been obtained by the Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd whole-rock isochron methods, in agreement with the zircon U-Pb data (Pidgeon 1980; D.Y. Liu, unpubl.). Geochemical arguments from initial isotopic ratios (I_Sr and I_Nd) and elemental distribution patterns have led us to conclude that this age of about 2.5 AE represents the time of granulite facies metamorphism, which must have followed closely the primary emplacement of their protoliths. Previous claims for early Archean ages (>3.5 AE) of these granulites are not substantiated. The mineral isotope systematics register an important thermal event at about 1.7 AE, roughly corresponding to the time of the widespread Luliang Orogeny (Ma and Wu 1981) or Chungtiao Movement (Huang 1978).The granulites of the Qianxi Group have diverse compositions ranging from ultrabasic through basic-intermediate to acid. Discriminant function calculations suggest that most analyzed samples have igneous parentage. Only a few show characteristics of metasedimentary rocks. The igneous protoliths apparently belong to two series — tholeiitic and calc-alkaline, with the latter dominating in abundance. The majority of the acid granulites have compositions corresponding to tonalite-granodiorite.Except for ultrabasic and metasedimentary rocks, all REE patterns are significantly fractionated with LREE enrichment. The degree of fractionation, as measured by the (La/Yb)_N ratios, is most important in the acid granulites. These rocks often show positive Eu anomalies and HREE depletions that are typical of Archean TTG rocks (tonalitetrondhjemite-granodiorite).The existence of komatiites has been previously reported in this region. Although a few rocks have a major element chemistry similar to that for peridotitic komatiites, the lack of associated members in a komatiitic series and the scarcity of REE data have not confirmed the true komatiite occurrence in this region.Many Qianxi granulites are highly depleted in Rb relative to K and Sr. This preferential Rb depletion during granulite facies metamorphism has led to very high K/Rb and very low Rb/Sr ratios. The most comparable case is found in Lewisian granulites.Although the fractionated REE patterns of the basic granulites somewhat resemble those of continental flood basalts, the highly different abundances in other incompatible elements (Ti, Zr, and Ba) readily distinguish them from each other. Nevertheless, the LREE enriched patterns of the basic granulites may suggest an origin of their protoliths by partial melting of LREE-enriched mantle sources. On the other hand, the REE patterns of acid granulites suggest that their protoliths could be derived by partial melting of quartz eclogite, amphibolite or basic granulite.The close time relationship for a series of geologic events, namely, from initial melting of mantle peridotites, through fractional crystallisation of basaltic magmas, to granulite facies metamorphism, seems to occur in many granulite terrains. This relationship, together with the juxtaposition of lithologies of different origins and the exceptionally high pressure conditions (>10 Kb) can be best explained by crustal underplating combined with intracrustal thin-skinned thrusting and stacking of crustal slices. The andesitic or island arc model for the formation of the lower continental crust is not in good agreement with the present geochemical data.     

冀东唐杖子、牛心山花岗岩体锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年及其地质意义

冀东地区是一个金矿聚集区,但与国内外的矿集区相比,冀东地区却“只见星星不见月亮或少见月亮”,这可能是因为某些具有地区性特征的找矿标志尚未被人们所认识。本次工作采用SHRIMP锆石U-Pb法测得唐杖子金矿的花岗斑岩株的形成年龄为173Ma±2Ma,牛心山红色花岗岩的年龄为173Ma±2Ma,与峪耳崖岩体红色花岗岩的年龄174Ma±3Ma相吻合,同属中生代燕山早中期,应是同一岩浆活动的产物。如果金矿与该岩浆活动有关,那么这3个矿床就具有成因上的联系,即它们（也许包括更多的矿点）可能由一个热中心分异矿化形成,后经多次地壳活动形成目前的格局。     

黑龙江东部盆地群白垩纪海侵存在的矿物学证据及其意义

前人研究所获得的海相化石证据表明,中国黑龙江东部早白垩世早期曾发生多次规模不等的海侵,多层厚度不等的海相夹层赋存于下白垩统中。对研究区白垩纪砂岩中的海绿石、独居石、莓状黄铁矿等自生矿物的显微特征、扫描电镜背散射特征和化学特征进行分析,结果证实,这些特征均与典型海侵相的特征接近,说明不仅含海相化石的层位系海侵成因,含这些自生矿物的砂岩、粉砂岩的层位也受到海侵的影响,从而为黑龙江省东部盆地在白垩纪发生过海侵提供矿物学的依据。     

湖南邓阜仙印支晚期二云母花岗岩年代学、地球化学特征及其意义

邓阜仙花岗岩体位于湖南省东部,是印支期-燕山期多期次多阶段侵入的复式岩体。本文对邓阜仙岩体中部的两件二云母花岗岩样品进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年,得到的锆石U-Pb年龄为222.9±1.6Ma和224.3±2.4Ma,首次证实了邓阜仙岩体存在有印支晚期二云母花岗岩。印支晚期二云母花岗岩具有高硅、高碱、强过铝质的特征,富集Cs、Rb、U、Pb而亏损Ba、Sr、Ti等元素,与华南己发现的其他印支期强过铝质花岗岩类似。花岗岩较高的（⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr）_i值（0.721463~0.728115）、较低的ε_Nd（t）值（-11.68~-11.33）以及1.92~1.95Ga的Nd模式年龄说明其主要起源于区内古元古代地壳的部分熔融。邓阜仙印支晚期二云母花岗岩与华南印支期强过铝质花岗岩的成岩时间一致,根据区域地质特征及花岗岩地球化学特征,认为其形成于后造山伸展的构造环境。邓阜仙钨矿与区内燕山期花岗岩有密切的成因联系。印支晚期二云母花岗岩具有较高的钨含量,属于富钨岩体,可能为燕山期的钨成矿作用提供了物质基础。     

Tectonic evolution of Cretaceous extensional basins in Zhejiang Province,eastern South China: structural and geochronological constraints

Widespread Cretaceous volcanic basins are common in eastern South China and are crucial to understanding how the Circum-Pacific and Tethyan plate boundaries evolved and interacted with one another in controlling the tectonic evolution of South China. Lithostratigraphic units in these basins are grouped, in ascending order, into the Early Cretaceous volcanic suite (K_1V), the Yongkang Group (K_1-2), and the Jinqu Group (K₂). SHRIMP U-Pb zircon geochronological results indicate that (1) the Early Cretaceous volcanic suite (K_1V) erupted at 136–129 Ma, (2) the Yongkang Group (K_1-2) was deposited from 129 Ma to 91 Ma, and (3) the deposition of the Jinqu Group (K₂) post-dated 91 Ma. Structural analyses of fault-slip data from these rock units delineate a four-stage tectonic evolution of the basins during Cretaceous to Palaeogene time. The first stage (Early to middle Cretaceous time, 136–91 Ma) was dominated by NW–SE extension, as manifested by voluminous volcanism, initial opening of NE-trending basins, and deposition of the Yongkang Group. This extension was followed during Late Cretaceous time by NW–SE compression that inverted previous rift basins. During the third stage in Late Cretaceous time, possibly since 78.5 Ma, the tectonic stress changed to N–S extension, which led to basin opening and deposition of the Jinqu Group along E-trending faults. This extension probably lasted until early Palaeogene time and was terminated by the latest NE–SW compressional deformation that caused basin inversion again. Geodynamically, the NW–SE-oriented stress fields were associated with plate kinematics along the Circum-Pacific plate boundary, and the extension–compression alternation is interpreted as resulting from variations of the subducted slab dynamics. A drastic change in the tectonic stress field from NW–SE to N–S implies that the Pacific subduction-dominated back-arc extension and shortening were completed in the Late Cretaceous, and simultaneously, that Neo-Tethyan subduction became dominant and exerted a new force on South China. The ongoing Neo-Tethyan subduction might provide plausible geodynamic interpretations for the Late Cretaceous N–S extension-dominated basin rifting, and the subsequent Cenozoic India–Asia collision might explain the early Palaeogene NE–SW compression-dominated basin inversion.     

黑龙江省东部饶河杂岩的就位时代与东北东部中生代构造演化

黑龙江省东部饶河杂岩由含放射虫深海沉积岩以及镁铁质的熔岩和侵入岩组成,并被视为大洋壳的残片。该杂岩被晚期蛤蚂河和太平村花岗岩侵入。锆石U-Pb年龄结果表明,上述两花岗岩岩体均形成于早白垩世,其中蛤蚂河岩体形成于131、124和～115Ma三个阶段,太平村岩体形成于111～114Ma左右。饶河杂岩中辉长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为166±1Ma,深海沉积岩中最晚出现的放射虫的时代为160～150Ma,显示饶河杂岩的就位应发生在150～131Ma的晚侏罗世—早白垩世,古地磁资料显示本区自晚三叠世—侏罗纪有明显的从低纬度向高纬度的北移现象：从而表明在晚侏罗世—早白垩世及以前该区存在太平洋板块的俯冲-走滑作用。岩石学研究显示,两花岗岩岩体中均存在岩浆结晶成因的堇青石,并具有过铝质花岗岩的特点,为典型的来源于沉积岩部分熔融形成的S型花岗岩。Hf同位素测定发现,这些花岗岩中的锆石具有较高的~(176) Hf/~(177)Hf同位素比值和较正的ε_(Hf)(t)值,以长英质地壳为源岩的Hf同位素模式年龄为500～780Ma,说明其源岩应为新元古代—显生宙新增生的地壳物质,从而反映在晚侏罗世—早白垩世以前本区曾发生过显著的地壳抬升与风化剥蚀。     

Zircon U-Pb age, geochemical, and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic constraints on the origin of alkaline intrusions in eastern Shandong Province, China

Alkaline intrusions in the eastern Shandong Province consist of quartz monzonite and granite. U-Pb zircon ages, geochemical data, and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic data for these rocks are reported in the present paper. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U-Pb zircon analyses yielded consistent ages ranging from 114.3?±?0.3 to 122.3?±?0.4 Ma for six samples of the felsic rocks. The felsic rocks are characterised by a wide range of chemical compositions (SiO₂?=?55.14–77.63 wt. %, MgO?=?0.09–4.64 wt. %, Fe₂O₃?=?0.56–7.6 wt. %, CaO?=?0.40–5.2 wt. %), light rare earth elements (LREEs) and large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) (i.e., Rb, Pb, U) enrichment, as well as significant rare earth elements (HREEs) and heavy field strength (HFSEs) (Nb, Ta, P and Ti) depletion, various and high (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) _i ranging from 0.7066 to 0.7087, low ε _Nd (t) values from ?14.1 to ?17.1, high neodymium model ages (T_DM1?=?1.56–2.38Ga, T_DM2?=?2.02–2.25Ga), ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb?=?17.12–17.16, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb?=?15.44–15.51, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb?=?37.55–37.72. The results suggested that these rocks were derived from an enriched crustal source. In addition, the alkaline rocks also evolved as the result of the fractionation of potassium feldspar, plagioclase, +/? ilmenite or rutile and apatite. However, the alkaline rocks were not affected by crustal contamination. Moreover, the generation of the alkaline rocks can be attributed to the structural collapse of the Sulu organic belt due to various processes.