冰川与冻土 冻土

P642.142007010180多年冻土区管道通风路基温度边界条件及温度场实测研究=Experimental study on the thermal boundary conditions and temperature fields of duct-ventilated embankment in permafrost regions/牛富俊,程国栋…∥冰川冻土.—2006,28(3).—380~389基于青藏铁     

中国冰川研究进展

Glacier inventory compilation during the past 20 years and modifications of that for the Eastern Pamir and Banggong Lake indicate that there are 46,342 modern glaciers with a total area and volume of 59415 km^2 and 5601 km^3 respectively in China. These glaciers can be classified into maritime and continental (including sub-continental and extremely continental) types. Researches show that glaciers in China have been retreating since the Little Ice Age and the mass wastage was accelerated during the past 30 to 40 years. Being an important part of glaciological studies in China,ice core climatic and environmental studies on Tibetan Plateau and in the Antarctica have provided abundant, high resolution information about past climatic and environmental evolution over the Tibetan Plateau and Antarctica. Except for different parameters recorded in ice cores relating to climate and environment changes on Tibetan Plateau, records from ice cores extracted from different glaciers show that the discrepancies in climatic and environmental changes on the north and south parts of the plateau may be the consequence of different influencing effects from terrestrial and solar sources.Glaciological and meteorological phenomena imply that Lambert Glacier valley is an important boundary of climate in the east Antarctica, which is thought to be connected with cyclonic activities and Circum-polar Waves over the Antarctica.     

1960年以来中国天山冰川面积及气候变化

Based on the statistics of glacier area variation measured in the Chinese Tianshan Mountains since 1960,the response of glacier area variation to climate change is discussed systematically.As a result,the total area of the glaciers has been reduced by 11.5% in the past 50 years,which is a weighted percentage according to the glacier area variations of 10 drainage basins separated by the Glacier Inventory of China (GIC).The annual percentage of area changes (APAC) of glaciers in the Chinese Tianshan Mountains is 0.31% after the standardization of the study period.The APAC varies widely for different drainage basins,but the glaciers are in a state of rapid retreat,generally.According to the 14 meteorological sta-tions in the Chinese Tianshan Mountains,both the temperature and precipitation display a marked increasing tendency from 1960 to 2009 at a rate of 0.34℃·(10a)-1 and 11 mm·(10a) -1,respectively.The temperature in the dry seasons (from November to March) increases rapidly at a rate of 0.46℃·(10a)-1,but the precipitation grows slowly at 2.3 mm·(10a)-1.While the temperature in the wet seasons (from April to October) grows at a rate of 0.25℃·(10a)-1,but the precipitation increases at 8.7 mm·(10a)-1.The annual and seasonal climatic trends ac-celerate the retreat of glaciers.     

冰川

P343.62007042998乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川不同时期雪层剖面及成冰带对比研究=Acontrast of the ice formation ti me,ice formation zonesand the stratigraphic profiles of snow pits in different ti me ofthe Glacier No.1at the headwaters of the Urumqi River,Tian-shan Mo     

克里雅河下游沉积物的光释光年龄与晚更新世末以来沙漠的形成

有关塔克拉玛干沙漠演化的年代学数据尚少,本文在地貌认知较少的克里雅河下游沙漠深处的圆沙和喀拉墩一带16处剖面获取了18件河流沉积光释光（OSL）年龄。新测得的年龄数据分布于3.4—44.1 ka。全新世样品多分布于圆沙与喀拉墩干三角洲及其之间的地区,年龄集中在11 ka、8—9 ka、5—6.5 ka、4.6 ka与3.4—3.7 ka。深海氧同位素3阶段（MIS3）样品位置在克里雅河与和田河之间,分布在约38—47 ka前后。末次冰期冰盛期（LGM）末样品分布在通往圆沙古河道的西侧,年龄在14.5 ka前后。根据沉积物样品及年代学数据认为：克里雅河下游曾在MIS3阶段末、LGM末与全新世多次发生洪泛;数次的洪泛事件对克里雅河下游地貌发育产生重要影响;克里雅河下游干三角洲及现代河流西侧的流动沙丘主要形成于全新世,与前人“发育于汉唐以来”的观点不完全一致。克里雅河下游河流沉积发生时间与塔里木盆地周缘山脉冰进冰消有一定对应,暗示气候变化可能间接影响着塔克拉玛干沙漠沙丘的发育。     

冰川

P534。63 2003032062中国第四纪冰期划分改进建议=A:uggestion to improve th。ehronology of Quaternary glaeiations in China/施雅风//冰川冻土一20D2,24(6)一687一692 由于新情况的出现,需对第四纪冰期划分作适当改进:1)应用ESR测年确定祁连山北坡摆浪河中梁赣海拔2996m,高出现代河床500m处冰硕年代为462.gkaBP,天山乌鲁木齐河上游高出河床200一30Om的主望峰阶地冰琐样品ESR测年为477.IkaBP和459.7kaBP,均相当于MIS12阶段;2)古里雅冰芯记录中相当于MIS3b阶段;3)MIS3a暖期,不仅青藏高原异常暖湿,而且中国全境的降水量普遍高…     

冰川

P343.62006010138托木尔峰南坡冰川水文特征及其对径流的影响分析=Anal-ysis on the glacial hydrological features of the glaciers on thesouth slope of Mt.Tuomuer and the effects on runoff/谢昌卫,丁永建…∥干旱区地理.—2004,27(4).—570~575托木尔峰地区冰川消融和冰雪融水径流对温度和降水变化有很好的响应,冰面消融与同期温度之间呈线性相关性,冰川年消融深与消融期6-8月份平均气温呈指数关系.过去40年来该地区年冰雪融水量增加了8~10×108m3左右,而在区域温度持续升高的趋势下,冰雪融水补给量将会持续增加.冰雪融水对河流补…     

乌鲁木齐河流域的现代冰川与古冰川

乌鲁木齐河源出于天山南北分水岭之胜利达坂附近,主要由大西沟及罗卜道、巴拉堤、谢昂诺尔、波荷特、虎儿特、吉斯里和东、西白杨沟等组成,大西沟为其上游主干,该河主要流向为北东,出山口后偏向东西又随即弯转向北经乌鲁木齐市流至米泉县以北即行消失。该河为     

冰川与冻土

冰川P343.62007032023念青唐古拉山羊八井附近古仁河口冰川的变化=Change ofthe Gurenhekou glacier in Yangbajain area,Nyainqentanglharange/蒲健辰,姚嬗栋…∥冰川冻土.—2006,28(6).—861~864利用GPS测量冰川不同时期的相关位置,结合地形图和航空照片的分析,在2004-2006年     

Lambert冰川流域东西两侧气候环境变化特征

During the 1992-1993 joint Australian-Chinese over-snow traverse of the western Lambert Glacier Basin (LGB), two firn cores were drilled respectively at MGA and LGB16. During the 1996-1997 and 1997-1998 austral summers, two firn cores were drilled respectively at DT001 and DT085 on the eastern LGB. Based on the measurements made during the expeditions, the climatic and environmental features on both sides of the LGB have been studied. Results show that during the past 50 years, the trends of both air temperature and accumulation rate show a slight increase on the east side of the LGB, in contrast to the west side of the LGB. The spatial trends of the accumulation rate measured by accumulation canes at 2 km intervals along the nearly 500 km of the traverse lines on both sides of the LGB are different. Moreover, correlations of δ^18O vs T10 along the two sides of the LGB are also different. In addition, the variations of sea salt ion concentrations show different trends in the past 50 years. All the evidence shows that the Lambert Glacier is a dividing region for the different climatic regimes over the East Antarctic ice sheet, which may be due to different moisture resources resulting from special local circumfluence such as cyclone activities, local terrain influences.     

水在克里雅河流域生态地理环境中的作用

水是克里雅河流域生态地理环境的主导因素, 依水系分布形成的于田绿洲和天然绿洲共同构成了克里雅河流域生态系统。克里雅河为混合引给型河流, 冰川融雪补给占71%, 故径流年内变化大, 年际变化比较稳定, Cv=0.17。地下水天然补给量大部是地表水转化而来。水资源开发利用中, 既要分析上游绿洲开发对下游的影响, 又要考虑维护下游天然绿洲对上游人工绿洲开发的制约, 统筹兼顾。北部深入塔克拉玛干沙漠200多公里, 沿河阶地, 河漫滩及散流区宽5-10km的天然绿洲, 是保护于田绿洲稳定的前沿屏障, 有重要的社会生态意义。目前因水系变迁和洪水退缩, 植被衰败, 沙漠化过程发展。从环境、资源生态管理和保护出发, 宜建立克里雅河下游天然绿洲保护区, 确保下游干三角洲天然绿洲的稳定。天然植被的维护更殖再生, 应纳入整个流域水资源生态系统的总体管理之中。     

中国冰川系统对气候变化响应的敏感性分析

Data of 44 glacier systems in China used in this paper were obtained from Chinese Glacier Inventories and the meteorological data were got from Meteorological Atlas of Plateau of west China. Based on the statistical analysis and functional model simulation results of the 44 glacier systems in China, the glacier systems were divided into extremely-sensitive glacier system, semi-sensitive glacier system, extremely-steady glacier system and semi-steady glacier system in terms of glacier system＇s level of water-energy exchange, rising gradient of the equilibrium line altitudes and retreating rate of area to climate warming, their median size and vertical span distribution, and their runoff characteristics to climate warming. Furthermore the functional model of glacier system to climate warming was applied in this paper to predict the average variation trends of the 4 types of glacier systems, which indicate that different sensitivity types of glacier systems respond to the climate warming differently.     

冰川

P343 .6 2004021061青藏高原现代最大冰原区第四纪冰川作用=Quaternary gla-eiations in Pt『Lx犯angh:the largestm司em iee field inTi晚tanPlateau踢朝路,李孝泽…//冰川冻土一2003,25(5)一491一497 野外观察表明,从现代冰舌前端开始向山外有5终破垄和侧硫垄系列.根据地貌位置、地层关系、相对风化程度、风的改造程度和覆盖在有冰川漂砾的戈壁上的沙子的电子自旋共振年代,并与中国西部山地第四纪冰川数值年代比较,这些冰碳垄分别形成于现代冰川、小冰期、新冰期、末次冰期晚阶段和早阶段.图2表2参33(洪明)Bi刃刁3 .6 2004021062世界和…     

基于多源遥感数据的玛纳斯河流域冰川物质平衡变化

冰川物质平衡变化是连接气候和水资源的重要纽带,对河川径流有重要的调节功能。本文采用MOD11C3和TRMM 3B43等多源遥感数据驱动度日模型,模拟了2000—2016年玛纳斯河（简称玛河）流域冰川物质平衡过程,并分析了冰川融水对径流的补给规律。结果表明： ① 通过构建气温及降水反演模型能有效校正气象遥感原数据的精度,且经降尺度后能较精细刻画冰川区气候变化特征。冰川区年均气温和降水量分别为-7.57 ℃和410.71 mm,海拔4200 m处为气候变化剧烈地带,气温直减率以其为界上下分别为-0.03 ℃/100 m和-0.57 ℃/100 m,降水梯度分别为-2.66 mm/100 m和4.8 mm/100 m,海拔大于4700 m后降水又以5.17 mm/100 m递增。② 研究期内流域冰川持续呈负平衡状态,累积物质平衡达-9811.19 mm w.e.,年均物质平衡介于-464.85~-632.19 mm w.e.之间。垂向物质平衡在消融区和积累区分别以244.83 mm w.e./100 m、18.77 mm w.e./100 m递增。2000—2002年、2008—2010年冰川消融减缓,2002—2008年、2010—2016年消融加剧,其中2005—2009年期间冰川亏损最为强烈。③ 年内河川径流对冰川物质平衡变化响应强烈,尤以7月、8月物质平衡亏损最为严重占全年总量的75.4%,使得同期河川径流量占全年径流总量的55.1%。年际冰川融水补给率波动于19%~31%之间,可能是不同年份降水和积雪融水补给率差异较大所致。玛河与天山北坡其他河流冰川融水贡献率非常接近,也进一步证实了本研究物质平衡估算结果的可靠性。本研究可为其他流域冰川物质平衡研究提供借鉴和参考。     

冰川与冻土

H78.53一2侧润031875南极海冰区冰燕类群及兴衰杖程=A全曰妊印ofthe iceal网~blag比曲dt城r live histo]叹in the八刀t田允tic sea-ice~/何剑锋,王桂忠…//极地研究一2003,15(2)一102一113 总结了国际上对南极冰藻类群及其生理生悉特性的多年研究成果,结合我国科学家在南极长城站以及在戴维斯和中山站的越冬研究,阐述了南极海冰区的冰裁类群及其形成机理,对冰漆的形成、存活、旺发和消亡过程进行讨论,并对大洋浮冰次和近岸面定冰区冰藻奥群的生态特性进行对比,提出了今后有待进一步深人研究的领城.图1参94 Be冰川巧34 .63、么叹娜031876第…     

近50年气候变化背景下中国西部冰川面积状况分析(英文)

Based on the glacier area variation records in the typical regions of China moni-tored by remote sensing, as well as the meteorological data of air temperature and precipitation from 139 stations and the 0℃ isotherm height from 28 stations, the glacier area shrinkage in China and its climatic background in the past half century was discussed. The initial glacier area calculated in this study was 23,982 km2 in the 1960s/1970s, but the present area was only 21,893 km2 in the 2000s. The area-weighted shrinking rate of glacier was 10.1%, and the interpolated annual percentage of area changes (APAC) of glacier was 0.3% a-1 since 1960. The high APAC was found at the Ili River Basin and the Junggar Interior Basin around the Tianshan Mountains, the Ob River Basin around the Altay Mountains, the Hexi Interior Basin around the Qilian Mountains, etc. The retreat of glacier was affected by the climatic background, and the influence on glacier of the slight-increased precipitation was counteracted by the significant warming in summer.     

中国天山冰川生态服务功能及价值评估（英文）

Mountain glaciers, which perform a unique and irreplaceable ecological service, provide the material basis and characteristic cultural foundation of the ecological environment and sustainable socio-economic development in arid areas. However, few studies have estimated the service value of glaciers in regulating ecological environment and providing human welfare. According to the statistics of the First and Second Chinese Glacier Inventory(FCGI/SCGI), this study analyzed the variations in glacier area and ice volume in the Tianshan Mountains in China and modeled the ecosystem service function of mountain glaciers. The service value per unit area and equivalent factor methods were combined to determine the annual value of the ecological service provided by glaciers in the study area. The results show that:(1) In the period 1970–2010, the glacier area decreased by 1274 km~2(the ratio of area shrinkage was 13.9%) and the annual average decrease in ice volume was 4.08′10~9 m~3. The increase in glacier area at high altitudes( 5200 m) may be due to the fact that glacier accumulation caused by increasing precipitation is greater than glacier melting caused by rising temperatures.(2) The annual value of the ecological service provided by glaciers in the study area is 60.2 billion yuan. The values of climate regulation, hydrological regulation, and freshwater resource supply account for 66.4%, 21.6%, and 9.3% of the total value respectively. The annual value of the ecological service provided by hydroelectric power is 350 million yuan.(3) From a comparative analysis of the glaciers, forest, grassland and wetland ecosystems, the supply of freshwater resources/physical production and ecological regulation represent the main contributions of the four types of system, and the ecosystem service value of glaciers per unit area is higher than that of other types of ecosystem. This research will improve the understanding of the impact of glaciers on human welfare and maintenance of the ecological environment and will promote the ecological security of the cryosphere, environmental protection, and the sustainable use of resources.     

新疆克里雅河源流区径流变化与气候因子关系的非线性分析

利用克里雅河源流区兰干站1957～2009年的年径流量、气温和降水量实测数据,借助小波分析和R/S分析等方法探讨了径流量、气温和降水量的变化趋势及多时间尺度相关性。结果表明:(1)年径流量与气温和降水量存在明显的正相关关系并皆呈增加趋势,结合R/S分析,这种增加趋势在未来的50a仍将可能持续。(2)研究区年径流量、气温和降水量均存在9年的年际变化周期,而在年代际上由于气温和降水量周期性不同致使径流量的周期为15年。另外,三者在未来的20年存在不同的周期性突变。(3)克里雅河源流区径流量与气温和降水量存在显著的非线性相关关系。年径流量的变化是气温和降水量综合作用的结果。     

冰川与冻土

冰川P343.62006032188喀喇昆仑山克勒青河谷近年来发现有跃动冰川=Surgingglacier found in Shaksgam river,Karakorum Mountains/上官冬辉,刘时银…∥冰川冻土.—2005,27(5).—641~644根据相关历史资料,利用GIS进行了不同时期的冰川分布图的制作,对比分析了不同时期冰川范围.重点监测了喀喇昆仑山北坡克勒青河的5Y654D48、5Y654D97的不同时段内的冰川运动状况.结果发现:5Y654D48冰川和5Y654D97冰川分别在1990-2000年与1977-1990年间运动速度达272m.a-1,213.1m.a-1,比其它时段运动速度大7~20倍,具备跃动冰川的运动特征.图3表1参13(洪…     

中国典型季风海洋性冰川区雪坑中主要阴、阳离子的来源研究

Snowpacks samples were colleted from two glaciers： Baishui No.1 glacier and Hailuogou No.1 glacier in June, 2006. The method of sea-salt ions tracer, correlation analysis and trend analysis were used in this research in order to confirm the source of main ions, it is indicated that Na^＋ is mainly from marine moisture and other ions mainly originate from land dust. The non-marine source percent of Cl^-, NO3^- , SO4^2-, K^＋, Ca^2＋ and Mg^2＋ is 52%, 99%, 100%, 98%, 99.9% and 83%, respectively, in Hailuogou No.1 glacier, while the corresponding value in Baishui No.1 glacier is 68%, 99%, 100%, 98%, 99% and 59%. The non-marine source of ions is from dust of Central Asia arid regions carried by westerly circulation and the plateau borne-areas with Qinghai-Tibet Plateau winter monsoon in two glacial areas. However, the import of local dust in glacial area has made a great contribution to ions concentration in Baishui No.1 glacier, which accounts for the reason why the ions concentration in Baishui No.1 glacier is much higher than that of Hailuogou No.1 glacier. It is obvious that the source of each ion is different between Hailuogou No.1 glacier and Baishui No.1 glacier. There are three reasons which can explain it： firstly, the difference in the internal environment of glacial area, such as lithology, mountain-valley wind system, topographical relief and so on; secondly, the influence exerted by ions elution in snowpacks section, and ions elution in Hailuogou No.1 glacier is very strong; and thirdly, the difference caused due to varying ions transporting styles, deposition modes, chemical characteristics and post-ions-deposition process.