Facies analysis and depositional environments of the OligoceneeMiocene Asmari Formation,Zagros Basin,Iran

The Asmari Formation(a giant hydrocarbon reservoir)is a thick carbonate sequence of the Oligocenee Miocene in the Zagros Basin,southwest of Iran.This formation is exposed at Tang-e-Lendeh in the Fars interior zone with a thickness of 190 m comprising medium and thick to massive bedded carbonates.The age of the Asmari Formation in the study area is the late Oligocene(Chattian)eearly Miocene(Burdigalian).Ten microfacies are defned,characterizing a gradual shallowing upward trend;the related environments are as follows:open marine(MF 8e10),restricted lagoon(MF 6e7),shoal(MF 3e5),lagoon(MF 2),and tidal fat(MF 1).Based on the environmental interpretations,a homoclinal ramp consisting of inner and middle parts prevails.MF 3e7 are characterized by the occurrence of large and small porcelaneous benthic foraminifera representing a shallow-water setting of an inner ramp,infuenced by wave and tidal processes.MF 8e10,with large particles of coral and algae,represent a deeper fair weather wave base of a middle ramp setting.     

Biostratigraphy and Sequence Stratigraphy of the Tarbur Formation (Maastrichtian) from Iranian Zagros Foreland Basin, Southwest of Iran

Shallow carbonate deposits(Tarbur Formation)were formed in the Zagros foreland basin with dynamic tectonics during the Maastrichtian age.From the viewpoint of reconstruction of depositional conditions in these deposits,studies of biostratigraphy,microfacies,microtaphofacies,and sequence stratigraphy were performed in a single area at Tang-e Shabi Khoon,northwest of Zagros.Based on the identification of two assemblage zones consisting of benthic foraminifera in these strata,the formation was deposited during the middle to late Maastrichtian.The number of cycles in test size and type of coiling in Loftusia decreased from the study area toward the northwest of the Neotethys basin.The input of clastic sediments affected the distribution of Loftusia and rudists in the study area.Nine microfacies,six microtaphofacies,and one terrigenous facies(shale)were identified based on the sedimentary features.These deposits of the middle-late Maastrichtian were deposited on a homoclinal carbonate ramp.The platform can be divided into restricted and semi-restricted lagoon,shoal,and open marine environments.In the study area,the deposits of the Tarbur Formation were deposited during four third-order depositional sequences.Local fault activities affected the formation of depositional sequences in the study area.     

Sedimentary facies and diagenetic features of the Early Cretaceous Fahliyan Formation in the Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt,Iran

The Early Cretaceous Fahliyan Formation (middle part of the Khami Group), is one of the important reservoir rocks in the Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt. The Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt is located on the boundary between the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and formed from collision between Eurasia and advancing Arabia during the Cenozoic. In this study area, the Fahliyan Formation with a thickness of 325 m, consists of carbonate rocks (limestone and dolomite). This formation overlies the Late Jurassic Surmeh Formation unconformably and underlies the Early Cretaceous Gadvan Formation conformably at Gadvan Anticline. The formation was investigated by a detailed petrographic analysis to clarify the depositional facies, sedimentary environments and diagenetic features in the Gadvan Anticline. Petrographic studies led to recognition of the 12 microfacies that were deposited in four facies belts: tidal flat, lagoon, and shoal in inner ramp and shallow open marine in mid-ramp environments. The absence of turbidite deposits, reefal facies, and gradual facies changes show that the Fahliyan Formation was deposited on a carbonate ramp. Calcareous algae and benthic foraminifera are abundant in the shallow marine carbonates of the Fahliyan Formation. The diagenetic settings favored productioning a variety of features which include cements from early to late marine cements, micritization, dolomitization, compaction features, dissolution fabric, and pores. The diagenetic sequence can be roughly divided into three stages: (1) eugenic stage: marine diagenetic environment, (2) mesogenic stage: burial environment, and (3) telogenic stage: meteoric diagenetic environment.     

Sedimentary facies and sequence stratigraphy of the Asmari Formation at Chaman-Bolbol, Zagros Basin, Iran

The Oligocene–Miocene Asmari Formation of the Zagros Basin is a thick sequence of shallow water carbonate. In the study area, it is subdivided into 14 microfacies that are distinguished on the basis of their depositional textures, petrographic analysis and fauna. Based on the paleoecology and lithology, four distinct depositional settings can be recognized: tidal flat, lagoon, barrier, and open marine. The Asmari Formation represents sedimentation on a carbonate ramp. In the inner ramp, the most abundant lithofacies are medium grained wackestone–packstone with imperforated foraminifera. The middle ramp is represented by packstone–grainstone to floatstone with a diverse assemblage of larger foraminifera with perforate wall, red algae, bryozoa, and echinoids. The outer ramp is dominated by argillaceous wackestone characterized by planktonic foraminifera and large and flat nummulitidae and lepidocyclinidae. Three third-order depositional sequences are recognized from deepening and shallowing trends in the depositional facies, changes in cycle stacking patterns, and sequence boundary features.     

哈萨克斯坦Marsel探区下石炭统碳酸盐岩微相特征与沉积环境

根据薄片和岩心资料,识别出哈萨克斯坦Marsel探区下石炭统43种微相类型(MF)和10种微相组合样式(MA)。其中,MF1—MF3为灰泥灰岩,形成于外缓坡或局限低能环境;MF4—MF13为粒泥灰岩,形成于内缓坡泻湖—潮缘带、中缓坡或外缓坡环境;MF14—MF20为泥粒灰岩,形成于局限及低能的内缓坡环境;MF21—MF34为颗粒灰/云岩,多形成于内缓坡潮下带—中缓坡浅滩环境;MF35—MF37为晶粒白云岩,形成于蒸发潮坪环境;MF38—MF43为细粒碎屑岩,主要形成于内缓坡—中缓坡环境。微相组合样式主要包括中—外缓坡微相组合(MA2)、中—低能浅滩微相组合(MA1、MA8)、中缓坡混积微相组合(MA5)、中—高能浅滩—潮坪微相组合(MA6、MA7、MA9)、内缓坡泻湖—潮坪微相组合(MA3)、内缓坡碎屑潮坪微相组合(MA4)和混积潮坪微相组合(MA10)。通过亚相和微相组合分析,认为研究区早石炭世属于缓坡型台地沉积模式。杜内阶—维三段早期,相对海平面缓慢—快速上升,总体以内—中缓坡低能局限泻湖—潮坪和中—外缓坡沉积为主;维三段中期—谢尔普霍夫阶期,相对海平面缓慢—快速下降,主要发育内缓坡低能局限泻湖—潮坪和蒸发潮坪沉积,局部地区发育浅滩和混积潮坪沉积。     

Facies, depositional environment and diagenetic processes of the early Mid-Miocene Jeribe Formation, Central and Southern Iraq

The Jeribe Formation (Early Middle Miocene) in the central and southern Iraq consists mainly of shallow marine carbonates. Many microfacies have been identified: mudstone, wackestone, packstone, and grainstone with seven submicrofacies. Four major depositional cycles were determined. Microfacies developments and their distribution are controlled by cyclicity and relative sea level fluctuations. The Allochems in the Jeribe Limestone Formation are dominated by bioclasts. Peloids, ooids, and intraclasts are less abundant. The fossils are represented by benthonic forams and very rare planktonic forams. Calcite and dolomite are the predominant mineral components of Jeribe Formation. The carbonates of Jeribe have been affected by a variety of diagenetic processes such as compaction, dissolution, cementation, neomorphism, dolomitization, anhydritization, and silicification. By using the lithofacies association concepts, the depositional model of the Jeribe Formation environment was built. The Jeribe was deposited in open to restricted platforms which indicated lagoonal environment with warm and restricted-open circulation and the lower part (in well Hemrin-2) was deposited in foreslope environment.     

新疆阿合奇地区哈拉奇组、康克林组碳酸盐岩微相特征和沉积环境简

采用微相分析的方法,对新疆阿合奇地区晚石炭世—早二叠世哈拉奇组和康克林组碳酸盐岩的微相类型和沉积环境进行了研究,发现两地层单元具有不同的岩石结构、颗粒组分及生物化石组合微相特征。哈拉奇组沉积粒度相对较细,泥质含量较高,生物碎屑相对较少,可划分出5种微相类型和5种次一级微相类型;康克林组生物种类丰富,个体保存较完整,颗粒组分出现了较多鲕粒、核形石等,亮晶胶结普遍,泥级组分相对较少,可划分出6种微相类型和8种次一级微相类型。根据微相类型组合特征和野外沉积构造,认为哈拉奇组碳酸盐岩主要形成于深水陆棚和台地斜坡2种沉积环境,其次为台地边缘浅滩和开阔台地沉积,总体反映较深水沉积环境;康克林组碳酸盐岩主要形成于台地边缘浅滩、开阔台地和局限台地3种沉积环境,反映沉积环境水体相对较浅。     

Microfacies and geochemistry of the Ilam Formation in the Tang-E Rashid area, Izeh, S.W. Iran

The Ilam Formation (Santonian–Campanian in age), part of the Bangestan Group, is disconformably overlain by the Sarvak Formation and underlain by the Gurpi Formation in the Tang-E Rashid, Peyon area, Izeh (Zagros), southwest of Iran.Facies analyses indicate that the Ilam carbonates formed in four microfacies belts: tidal flat, lagoon, shoal and open marine, in a platform ramp environment. Major and minor elements and carbon and oxygen isotope values were used to determine the original carbonate mineralogy of the Ilam Formation. Petrographic evidence and elemental and oxygen and carbon isotope values indicate that aragonite was the original carbonate mineralogy in the Ilam Formation. The elemental and isotopic compositions of the Ilam carbonates also illustrate that they have stabilized in the marine phreatic environment. Variations of Sr/Ca and δ¹⁸O values versus Mn suggest that diagenetic alteration occurred in a closed system. Temperature calculation based on the oxygen isotope value of the least-altered sample indicates that the very early shallow burial fluid temperature was around 28 °C.Recognition of the exact boundary between the Ilam and Sarvak Formations is difficult, due to similar lithologies and the absence of the Surgah Formation in the study area. However, elemental and oxygen and carbon isotope analysis were used to determine the boundary between these formations. The δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C values, along with elemental results, clearly indicate a subaerial exposure surface, below which meteoric diagenesis affected the sediments.     

新疆阿合奇地区哈拉奇组、康克林组碳酸盐岩微相特征和沉积环境

采用微相分析的方法,对新疆阿合奇地区晚石炭世一早二叠世哈拉奇组和康克林组碳酸盐岩的微相类型和沉积环境进行了研究,发现两地层单元具有不同的岩石结构、颗粒组分及生物化石组合微相特征。哈拉奇组沉积粒度相对较细,泥质含量较高,生物碎屑相对较少,可划分出5种微相类型和5种次一级微相类型;康克林组生物种类丰富,个体保存较完整,颗粒组分出现了较多鲕粒、核形石等,亮晶胶结普遍,泥级组分相对较少,可划分出6种微相类型和8种次一级微相类型。根据微相类型组合特征和野外沉积构造,认为哈拉奇组碳酸盐岩主要形成于深水陆棚和台地斜坡2种沉积环境,其次为台地边缘浅滩和开阔台地沉积,总体反映较深水沉积环境;康克林组碳酸盐岩主要形成于台地边缘浅滩、开阔台地和局限台地3种沉积环境,反映沉积环境水体相对较浅。     

Biostratigraphy,sequence stratigraphy,and paleoecology of the Lower–Middle Miocene of Northern Bandar Abbas,Southeast Zagros basin in south of Iran

The Guri Member is a limestone interval at the base of the calcareous marls of the Mishan Formation. It is the youngest hydrocarbon reservoir of the southeast part of the Zagros sedimentary basin. This Member overlaid siliciclastic rocks of Razak Formation and is overlain by green and gray marls of the Mishan Formation. In order to consider the paleoecology and paleoenvironments of the Lower–Middle Miocene (Guri Member), we have studied biostratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy of the Guri Member based on foraminifer and microfacies in two stratigraphic sections including Dorahi–Homag and Chahestan. A total of 33 genera and 56 species of benthic and planktonic foraminifera were identified in two studied stratigraphic sections. Benthic and planktonic foraminifera demonstrate Aquitanian to Langhian age (Early–Middle Miocene) for this Member at the study area. Studied interval has deposited in four facies association including supratidal, lagoon, coral reef, and open sea on a carbonate ramp. Carbonate rocks of the Guri Member have precipitated in two and three depositional sequences at Chahestan and Dorahi–Homag sections, respectively. Sedimentation of marine carbonates of the Guri Member on siliciclastic deposits reflects a major transgression of sea level at Lower to Middle Miocene that led to creating a new sea in the Zagros basin at that age. Increasing siliciclastic influx along with a sea level fall finally caused burying of the carbonate ramp. Except for the beginning of sedimentation of carbonate at the base of both stratigraphic sections (depositional sequence 1), most of the system tracts are not matched to global sea level curve that reflect local effects of the basin. Distribution of foraminifera suggests precipitation in tropical to subtropical in mesotrophic to oligotrophic and eutrophic to oligotrophic conditions. Based on large benthic foraminifera (porcelaneous large benthic foraminifera and hyaline larger benthic foraminifera), water temperature average was determined between 25 and 30 °C that was confirmed by analyzing oxygen and carbon stable isotopes. Finally, we have utilized achieved data to reconstruction and modeling of paleoecology, paleoenvironments, and sea level changes in the southeast part of the Zagros basin.     

Facies and depositional settings of the Middle Eocene-Oligocene carbonates in Kutch

Middle Eocene Fulra Limestone and Oligocene Maniyara Fort Formation represent platform carbonate deposits of Kutch at the north-western margin of India. These carbonates contain larger benthic foraminifera, including Alveolina, Assilina, Discocyclina, Lepidocyclina, Miogypsina, Nummulites and Spiroclypeus. This study presents paleodepositional and paleobathymetric interpretations for both formations using benthic foraminifera in combination with lithological association, sedimentary structures and early diagenetic features. The six carbonate facies comprising the Fulra Limestone indicate a depositional spectrum ranging from bar-lagoon to mid-ramp depositional conditions. It records several shallowing upward cycles, leading to emergence and formation of paleokarst. The four carbonate facies of the Maniyara Fort Formation represents deposition within the inner ramp setting in bar-lagoon and patch-reef environment, while intervening fine siliciclastics correspond to episodes of relative sea level fall. Nummulitic accumulations form low-relief bars within the fair weather wave base in both the formations. The depositional setting of the Paleogene carbonate in Kutch broadly resembles Eocene platformal deposits in the circum-Tethys belt.     

The inner ramp facies of the Thanetian Lockhart Formation,western Salt Range,Indus Basin,Pakistan

The Lockhart Formation from a major carbonate unit of the Paleocene Charrat Group in Upper Indus Basin, Pakistan represents a larger foraminiferal–algal build up deposited in a cyclic sequence of the carbonate ramp. The foraminiferal–algal assemblages of the Lockhart Formation are correlated here to larger foraminiferal biostratigraphic zone, i.e. Shallow Benthic Zone (SBZ3) of the Thanetian Age. Inner ramp lagoon, shoal and fore shoal open marine are three main facies associations represented by wackstone and packstone foraminiferal–algal deposits. These facies are present in a cyclic order and displayed a retrograding carbonate ramp indicating the Thanetian transgressive deposits associated with eustatic sea level rise. The correlation of the microfacies of the Lockhart Formation (Upper Indus Basin) and facies of the Dungan Formation (Lower Indus Basin) provide detailed configuration of the depositional setting of the Indus Basin during the time interval represented by the Thanetian Zone SBZ3.     

Facies Analysis and Sequence Stratigraphy of the Qal’eh Dokhtar Formation (Middle–Upper Jurassic) in the West of Boshrouyeh, East Central Iran

The study area is located in the east Tabas Block in Central Iran. Facies analysis of the Qal’eh Dokhtar Formation (middle Callovian to late Oxfordian) was carried out on two stratigraphic sections and applied to depositional environment and sequence stratigraphy interpretation. This formation conformably overlies and underlies the marly-silty Baghamshah and the calcareous Esfandiar formations, respectively. Lateral and vertical facies changes documents low- to high energy environments, including tidal-flat, beach to intertidal, lagoon, barrier, and open-marine. According to these facies associations and absence of resedimentation deposits a depositional model of a mixed carbonate–siliciclastic ramp was proposed for the Qal’eh Dokhtar Formation. Seven third-order depositional sequences were identified in each two measured stratigraphic sections. Transgressive systems tracts (TSTs) show deepening upward trends, i.e. shallow water beach to intertidal and lagoonal facies, while highstand systems tracts (HST) show shallowing upward trends in which deep water facies are overlain by shallow water facies. All sequence boundaries (except at the base of the stratigraphic column) are of the no erosional (SB2) types. We conclude eustatic rather than tectonic factors played a dominant role in controlling carbonate depositional environments in the study area.     

伊拉克M油田白垩系Mishrif组沉积特征及控储机理

为明确伊拉克M油田白垩系Mishrif组碳酸盐岩储层成因,基于岩芯观察、铸体薄片、物性分析及测井资料,通过沉积微相分析确定研究区沉积环境,系统分析不同沉积相储层特征。结果表明:M油田Mishrif组为带障壁的缓坡环境,包括潟湖边缘坪、潟湖、台内滩、滩后、潮道、浅滩、滩前及开阔浅海。中、高渗储层主要发育于浅滩和滩前等高能沉积环境,储集层以粒间孔和粒间溶孔为主,发育大孔喉,生屑滩储集层和滩前储集层物性分布区间较大。潟湖边缘坪、潟湖、台内滩及滩后等低能沉积环境以低渗和特低渗储集层为主,孔隙度跨度大,孔隙类型主要为基质微孔、颗粒微孔、铸模孔和粒间孔,以微喉和中喉为主,喉道分选较好。综合分析认为:沉积相通过控制沉积物的结构组分控制了岩石的成岩演化。高能沉积型储集层以溶蚀作用和胶结作用为主,储集层物性是胶结物对孔隙和喉道充填封堵程度的函数;低能沉积型储层是生物多样性和差异成岩作用的结果,选择性溶蚀作用、与生物扰动相伴生的白云化作用、泥晶化作用、胶结作用、非选择性溶蚀作用和混合白云化作用形成的复杂孔隙控制了储集层物性。     

Depositional history and sequence stratigraphy of Tirgan formation (Barremian-Aptian) in central Kopet Dagh, NE Iran

The Tirgan Formation (Barremian — Aptian) is exposed in the Kopet Dagh in northeast Iran. Two stratigraphic sections in Radkan and Chenaran were measured. Their thickness are 238 m and 119 m, respectively. This formation in measured sections consists of three parts (including lower carbonate, middle limy shale — marl and upper carbonate rocks). Based on study of 164 thin-sections, 15 carbonate and 2 siliciclastic lithofacies have been identified. Carbonate lithofacies are deposited in a ramp platform in fore shoal, shoal, lagoon and tidal flat environments. Sea level changes during lower Cretaceous led to the formation of different large-scale depositional sequences Radkan (two) and Chenaran (two) respectively. The present study highlights the reconstruction of tectonic history of the area during lower Cretaceous.     

Microfacies models and sequence stratigraphic architecture of the Oligocene–Miocene Qom Formation, south of Qom City, Iran

The OligoceneeMiocene Qom Formation has different depositional models in the Central Iran,SanandajeSirjan and Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc provinces in Iran.The Kahak section of the Qom Formation in the Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc has been studied,in order to determinate its microfacies,depositional model and sequence stratigraphy.The textural analysis and faunal assemblages reveal ten microfacies.These microfacies are indicative of five depositional settings of open marine,patch reef,lagoon,tidal flat and beach of the inner and middle ramp.On the basis of the vertical succession architecture of depositional system tracts,four third-order sequences have been recognized in the OligoceneeMiocene Kahak succession of Qom Formation.Based on the correlation charts,the transgression of the Qom Sea started from the southeast and continued gradually towards the north.This resulted in widespread northward development of the lagoon paleoenvironment in the Aquitanian-Burdigalian stages.Also,the sequence stratigraphic model of the OligoceneeMiocene Qom Formation has an architecture similar to those that have developed from OligoceneeMiocene global sea level changes.     

Depositional environments and sequence stratigraphy of the Bahram Formation(middleelate Devonian) in north of Kerman,south-central Iran

This study is focused on sedimentary environments, facies distribution, and sequence stratigraphy. The facies and sequence stratigraphic analyses of the Bahram Formation(middleelate Devonian) in southcentral Iran are based on two measured stratigraphic sections in the southern Tabas block. The Bahram Formation overlies red sandstones Padeha Formation in sections Hutk and Sardar and is overlain by Carboniferous carbonate deposits of Hutk Formation paraconformably, with a thickness of 354 and386 m respectively. Mixed siliciclastic and carbonate sediments are present in this succession. The field observations and laboratory studies were used to identify 14 micro/petrofacies, which can be grouped into 5 depositional environments: shore, tidal flat, lagoon, shoal and shallow open marine. A mixed carbonate-detrital shallow shelf is suggested for the depositional environment of the Bahram Formation which deepens to the east(Sardar section) and thins in southern locations(Hutk section). Three 3rdorder cyclic siliciclastic and carbonate sequences in the Bahram Formation and one sequence shared with the overlying joint with Hutk Formation are identified, on the basis of shallowing upward patterns in the micro/pertofacies.     

四川盆地中部磨溪地区龙王庙组沉积微相研究

结合四川盆地早寒武世龙王庙期区域沉积背景,本文对川中磨溪地区下寒武统龙王庙组的岩石类型、沉积构造、测井响应等沉积相标志进行了详细研究,探讨了磨溪地区龙王庙组的沉积微相特征及分布规律。研究表明早寒武世龙王庙期磨溪地区主要位于局限台地内,包括澙湖、颗粒滩和云坪三个亚环境,沉积产物以晶粒云岩及颗粒云岩为主。纵向上,龙王庙组由两个向上变浅的沉积旋回构成,旋回底部以澙湖沉积为主,中上部以颗粒滩沉积为主,顶部以云坪沉积为主。其中,颗粒滩亚相根据不同的岩性组合、沉积构造、颗粒岩累计厚度、单滩体颗粒岩厚度等可划分为滩主体(滩核)、滩翼以及滩间洼地三个微相。平面上,龙王庙组上下两段的沉积相展布具有明显的继承性,较龙王庙组下段而言,上段沉积时滩体的沉积范围、规模均有所扩大,同时颗粒滩具有向东迁移的趋势。磨溪地区龙王庙组沉积微相的展布主要受沉积期微古地貌以及相对海平面变化的影响,本文最后建立了磨溪地区龙王庙组颗粒滩沉积演化模式。     

Open carbonate ramp facies,microfacies and paleoenvironments of the Gramame Formation (Maastrichtian), Pernambuco–Paraı́ba Basin,Northeastern Brazil

The monotonous carbonates of the Maastrichtian Gramame Formation can be divided into 11 microfacies, but these do not correspond with the five major facies distinguished in the field. The microfacies were grouped into six composite microfacies which were used to construct a depositional model. In this model, tectonic disturbances of a relatively steeply sloping carbonate ramp caused apparently random occurrences of coarser and sandier bioclastics and influx of clastic material into generally mid-outer-ramp environments. Only the central section of the carbonate ramp is exposed in a strike section. Shallower and deeper facies must be inferred from the transgressive nature of the sequence. Dolomitization is ubiquitous but apparently random. The closest modern analogy of the Gramame Formation is the relatively steep West Florida ramp. However this does not have fault-bounded shallows, for which analogies can be found on the shelf of the Arabian Gulf. Combining features from both of these allows a plausible reconstruction to be made of Gramame Formation environments. We envisage a steeply sloping ramp cut by horsts and grabens related to the opening of the south Atlantic ocean.     

塔里木盆地奥陶系蓬莱坝组碳酸盐岩缓坡沉积特征及油气勘探意义

塔里木盆地奥陶系蓬莱坝组广泛发育的白云岩是油气勘探的主要目标之一,储层的分布受沉积相控制作用明显,普遍认为蓬莱坝组沉积模式是弱镶边-局限台地的沉积模式。本文基于地震资料精细解释,结合野外露头与钻井岩相类型及发育特征分析,对沉积模式与相带展布特征进行研究,首次提出了蓬莱坝组为碳酸盐岩缓坡沉积的新认识,并探讨了其油气勘探意义。依据地震地层结构、地层厚度变化特征,以及岩相发育规律体现的颗粒滩普遍发育特征、岩性的分区性揭示的岩性变化受古地貌明显控制的特征,认为蓬莱坝组沉积时期为缓坡沉积环境,可分为内缓坡相、中缓坡相和外缓坡相,且具有中缓坡和内缓坡两种成滩背景。其中中缓坡高能颗粒滩平面上呈条带状在塔中北斜坡-顺南-古城地区及塔北南缘地区规模发育,是蓬莱坝组颗粒滩储层勘探的优选区。碳酸盐岩缓坡沉积新认识改变了传统的台缘礁滩勘探思路,拓展了勘探领域,对推动蓬莱坝组勘探具有重要的参考价值。