3D CFD MODELING OF WATER AND SEDIMENT FLOW IN A HYDROPOWER RESERVOIR

１ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＲｅｓｅｒｖｏｉｒｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔａｔｉｏｎｉｓｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｚｅｄａｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｍａｉｎｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓａｆｅｃｔｉｎｇｔｈｅｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｓｏｆｍａｎｙｗａｔｅｒｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓｐｒｏｊｅｃｔｓ．Ｍａｎｍａｄ...     

黄河上游梯级电站数字地震台网供电系统改造

黄河上游梯级水电站数字地震台网经过多年的运行观测及维护,在整体供电系统方面反映出很多问题和不足,通过不断总结,针对解决供电系统多方面的影响因素,以新型方式和设备对供电系统进行了改造,达到了解决台网关键环节的供电系统问题,减轻台网的运行维护难度,降低仪器维修维护成本,提高运行维护效率。     

黄河上游梯级水电站数字化测震台网检索软件开发

采用Visual Basic 6.0开发数据库检索软件,为子台网地震编目工作提供便利的条件。软件编制过程中涉及到数据库与客户机通讯、数据查询与传输、文件处理等技术,在数据库应用软件开发方面具有普遍性。     

IMPACT OF DEBRIS FLOW ON RIVER CHANNEL IN THE UPPER REACHES OF THE YANGTZE RIVER

IINTRODUCTIONDebrisflowisaphenomenonhappeninginextremeseveresit'Uationofsoilerosion(Guan,1996).ItoccursfrequentlyanddistributesdenselyinupperreachesoftheYangtzeRiverandtransportsahugeamountofsedimentilltotheriver.Debrisflowdepositinfluencesthecompositionofsedimentandthemorphologyoftheriverbedfromupstreamt6downstreamandthenaffectsthedynamiccharactersandsedimentbudgetoftheYangtzeRiver.Furthermore,itimpactsonthefloodandwaterconservancyengineering.2DEBRISFLOWGULLY--HIGHWAYOFSEDI…     

华北、扬子板块碰撞后热演化史的初步研究

对采自苏北－胶南－大别高压变质构造混杂岩带的片麻岩、糜棱岩和郯庐断裂带上的片麻岩中９个钾长石进行了￣４０Ａｒ－￣３９Ａｒ年龄测定和多重扩散域（ＭＤＤ）模式处理，９个样品的热演化史表明上述地区存在５个不同的快速冷却时段，并就其可能的构造含义，提出了华北与扬子板块碰撞后的折返历史过程     

利用GIS技术进行油气资源综合评价

本文对利用地理信息系统技术综合评价油气资源的方法进行了研究。综合地学各学科信息，结合ＧＩＳ的功能和特点，建立ＧＩＳ综合评价模型是本研究的关键。将所建模型对松辽盆地南缘白垩系地层油气远景式进行预测，取得预期效果。     

中国油气资源企盼二次创业

中国石油天然气工业在过去50年的第一次创业中，主要是在新生年代陆相沉积盆地中获得丰富的油气资源，当前在严峻的形势下，国家必须进行油气资源的第二次创业，第二次创业要从突破前新生代（中生代、古生代、甚至更早）海相碳酸盐岩地层中的油气开始，解放思想，提高认识并大力发展地球物理勘探技术，努力解决复杂地质体成象问题，探索海相油气资源，使这次创业得以成功。     

川滇地区地壳上地幔三维速度结构研究

根据云南和四川地震台网174个台站记录的4625个区域地震初至Ｐ波和Ｓ波走时资料，并结合其它深部地球物理资料，确定了川滇地区地壳上地幔三维速度结构．在上地壳速度异常分布中，四川盆地为正异常，川西高原为负异常，龙门山断裂带为正、负异常的边界．龙门山断裂、鲜水河断裂以及红河断裂等，在下地壳和上地幔的速度异常中仍显示出构造分界特征，说明它们可能穿透了莫霍界面．腾冲火山区和攀西构造带在50km深度上呈现负速度异常，与上地幔温度和物质组成的差异相联系．川滇地区地壳结构的总体特征是:地壳和上地幔的低平均速度，地壳厚度变化剧烈，地壳和（或）上地幔存在高导层、高热流值．这些同印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞的构造背景有关．川滇菱形块体在地壳内总体上为正常或正异常速度，而其边界的深大走滑断裂存在负速度异常，它有助于地壳块体沿断裂的侧向挤出．在主要的地震带上，中下地壳的负速度异常与地震活动性相关．多数强烈地震发生在具有正速度异常或正常速度分布的上中地壳深度上，而其下方则通常是负速度异常带．      

我国非传统矿产资源的实例及其所涉及的科学问题

传统矿产资源随着开采年限的增长而日益减少，寻求新的、非传统的按替资源，是解决人类矿产资源短缺的根本出路，是地球科学家长期肩负的战略性、前瞻性历史使命，我国有许多已经显示出巨大的资源潜力、但传统的矿床学、资源学、矿业技术的理论和方法难以实现其资源价值的地球物质堆积体，可视为典型的非传统矿产资源，包括：1）华南巨量堆积的天然纳米非金属矿物；2）华南微细浸染型金矿床原生矿石中的微粒金；3）西藏冈底斯中段北麓热泉泉华蛋白石中的微粒铯；4）白云鄂博等超大型矿床开采尾矿和选矿尾矿（所谓的“人工堆积矿床”）；5）部分原油和油田水中富集的金和其它金属元素；6）我国南方黑色岩系中特殊赋存状态的贵金属-重金属元素；7）我国西部陆相盆地中的可地浸砂岩型铀矿；8）我国南海和东海海域的天然气水合物；9）我国西南的分散元素矿床，由于非传统矿产资源是受目前理论、技术、经济以及环境等因素的限制尚未被认识或未能开发利用的矿产资源或潜在矿产资源，其所涉及的科学问题往往都具有显著的创新性和前沿性，对我国上述重要的非传统矿产资源而言，其所涉及的关键科学问题包括，天然纳-微米矿物及其特殊性能的成因机制，有机质与金属元素的耦合作用及其对金属富集的宏观与微观控制，等。     

GRAVEL SLUICING IN ALPINE RUN-OF-RIVER HYDROPOWER PLANTS

1 INTRODUCTIONNdsral rivers entering reservoirs carry also sediment, partly as bedload and patly in suspension. At theentrance of the reservoir flow velocity is considerably reduced and the capability of sediment transport isdrashcally fading. Bedload maerial is deposited totally at the reservoir entrance fondng a delta, material...in suspension is cAned further intO the reservoir ulh.. it is partly deposited and partly dischargedthrough the dam towards downstreaxn (depending on the trapp…     

ASSESSMENT OF SOIL LOSS ON UNCULTIVATED SLOPE LAND BY USING 137CS TECHNIQUE IN THE UPPER YANGTZE RIVER BASIN OF CHINA

Radionuclides are used as tracers of sediments in areas where no plot data or field monitoring data are not available. Caesium-137 can provide important information on both soil loss rates and sediment sources. The 137Cs technique is employed to assess soil erosion rates in forest and grass lands in the Upper Yangtze River Basin, China. The study area includes 6 forestlands and 4 grasslands in 8 counties and cities over the eastern part of the basin. The ^137Cs reference inventories ranged from 620.9 Bq m-2 to 2560.3 Bq m^-2. For the 6 forestlands, the average 137Cs inventory over a field ranges from 960.8 Bq m^-2 to 2560.3 Bq m^-2. The average erosion rate is estimated from the ^137Cs measurements between 0 to 588 t km^-2yr^-1. For the 4 grasslands, the average ^137Cs inventory ranges from 119.0 Bq m2 to 869.7 Bq m^-2. The average rate of erosion from grassland varies from 0 to 4435 t km^-2 yrl. Where the erosion was more severe, the ^137Cs inventory was lower. The results showed that there is no clear relationship between ^137Cs inventory, slope length and slope gradient on uncultivated land. The erosion rates for uncultivated land and cultivated land is compared. The result indicates that the erosion rates on uncultivated land is much lower than those on cultivated slopes and the severity of the soil erosion is closely related to vegetation cover.     

CLASSIFICATION AND TYPES OF PREFERENTIAL FLOW FOR A DARK CONIFEROUS FOREST ECOSYSTEM IN THE UPPER REACH AREA OF THE YANGTZE RIVER

Preferential flow is the ordinary phenomenon of rapid and non-equilibrium transport of water and solutes occurring in most soil. It causes latent pollution of ground and surface waters and affects runoff yield and flow concentration. This paper studies preferential flow for a dark coniferous ecosystem in the upper reach area of the Yangtze River, establishes a classification for the preferential flow and discusses types of preferential flow with a soil column experiment using a homemade apparatus and dye-tracer analysis. The preferential flow is mainly unsaturated gravitational flow in the upper layer of the slope deposit for mature forest soil, which is dominated by a wetness front, and the flow gradually transforms to macroporous flow as the soil layer deepens. The observed preferential flow in the young, middle-aged and over-mature forests that have grown on glacial lateral moraines is macroporous flow. The purpose of this research is to analyze systemically the behavior of soil water movement for a dark coniferous forest ecosystem in the upper reach area of the Yangtze River and to provide a theoretical basis for effective watershed management.     

SEDIMENT MODEL EXPERIMENT IN JINGHONG HYDROPOWER PROJECT AREA

I.BRIEFINTRODUCTIONInthechainofhydroelectricpowerstationsalongthemiddleandlowerreachesofLancangiiangforer,Jinghongpowerstationisthe6thonewiththemultipleeconomicbenefitofelectricalgenerationandnavigation.Thepowerstationconsistsof3x300MWunitsandeachturbinehasamaximumintakingflowof390m'/s.Arrangedfromtherighttoleflbankofthedamisashipelex,ator.ti7hichisaccessibleto300tonboats,thespillwa}'damsectionandthepowerhouse.Ontheright,middleandleftsideofthepotverhouserespectively.therearethreebotto…     

海陵岛及邻区地质环境与灾害初步探讨

海陵岛及邻区是华南沿海地质环境与灾害较集中和类型较齐全的地区之一。根据野外调查资料,简要地分析了该区地质环境因素中的活动断裂,地震活动、地震裂纹、第四纪沉积与沙土液化、滑坡与崩塌、海面上升与地面沉降、风沙灾害等,这些因素多分布在洋边海周缘和海陵岛南部海岸。这些地区的构造活动性较强,同时也是多组活动断裂相互交切的地方,另外在基岩海岛的岸边,还见有崩塌, 在工程建设中应加以重视。     

SEDIMENT TRANSPORT IN THE YANGTZE RIVER ESTUARY

SEDIMENT TRANSPORT IN TIIE YANGTZE RIVER ESTUARYSHEN Zhigang'ANSTa^CTThe hy~ntalc and the sedimen tranSport Patter'nS within the estUaIy of the YangtZe mver arecomPlex because of intemehon of fluvial and the hdal forCes, depending on freshwate discharge andhdal range. Based on the data measuIed in meent years, thes papo discusses the characterishcs of flowand sNnt movemen in the tw forer EstUaIy and their iIifluences on the evolution of theestuaryKey W: YangtZe mver…     

地震科技档案信息资源的开发利用

叙述了地震科技档案开发利用的意义,对如何做好地震科技档案开发利用工作进行了探讨。     

玉树震区地质灾害地震响应分析

2010年4月14日7时49分,青海省玉树县发生了Ms7．1级地震。玉树地震不仅造成大量房屋破坏与人员伤亡,同时,引发了大量崩塌、滑坡和山体裂缝,并且形成了大量的诸如泥石流、堵河溃坝等链生灾害隐患。通过现场调查与数据的统计、分析,震区崩滑流地质灾害地震响应显著,地质灾害数量急剧增加,尤其是重大地质灾害隐患数量增加明显,空间分布上由震前的零星散点状分布转为震后的集中分布,地质灾害影响范围急剧扩大,危害程度也显著增高,主导诱发因素由震前的斜坡卸荷、降雨及人类工程活动等转为地震振动为主导诱发因素;震后地质灾害活动发展趋势将随地震对斜坡稳定性的长期影响、玉树灾区重建工作以及地质环境容量问题而将持续加剧,持续时间评估在10年左右。     

DYNAMIC RESOURCES OF RIVER SEDIMENTS

The currently enforced Bulgarian water legislation [the Water Act (1999), the Environmental Protection Act (2002), etc.] requires conducting special studies for accurate assessments of sand and gravel flux along the rivers, prior to the issue of the license for operation of the quarries, where they will be dredged. The activity of a quarry necessitates special investigations because of the large dimensions of the damages inflicted on the environment. Ours studies have shown that there are two types of river reaches, in which abstraction of sand and gravel is performed. The first one refers usually to the plain area river reaches. The other type is mountainous with high rate of sediment load, which consists of coarse solid matter. The “on-the-spot” study on the environmental impact of the sand and gravel dredging has revealed that in the area of the quarry the riverbed cuts into the alluvial sediments to about 6-7 m and this ditch has spread by attenuation at a distance of more than 25 km upstream. Downstream the pit the picture is replicated and at the 8th km a local scour on the riverbed, amounting to more than 1.80-2.00 m, has been measured near the foundation of a massive bridge in the centre of city of Plovdiv. Such assessments of dynamic resources of sand and gravel materials are expected to serve for the purposes of gradual limitation of this activity in river sections close to renewable resources. The amount of sediment load, which may be abstracted in the area of the Orizare quarry in Bulgaria on a yearly basis has been calculated as 6000 m^3/a. It ensures that the resources will not be exhausted and irreversible distortion of the riverbed will be prevented. This is an environmentally safe limit.     

青海省刚察县地质灾害特征及防治对策

刚察县地质灾害主要分布在县域中部的大通山区,灾害类型以泥石流及不稳定斜坡为主,地质灾害已成为影响山区经济发展、威胁少数民族生命财产安全的重要因素。在刚察县地质灾害现状调查的基础上,分析了地质灾害的成因和分布特点,并针对灾种类型提出了相应的防治对策。     

尖扎县地质灾害现状与防治对策

结合地质灾害调查与区划项目中“以人为本”的思想,根据地质灾害在空间、时间分布的特征,对地质灾害类型、发育特征、分布规律、形成条件、诱发因素、致灾情况等进行研究和总结,提出防治措施和建议。