Experimental studies to constrain parental magma of Malangtoli volcanics from Singhbhum craton of the eastern Indian shield

Malangtoli volcanics of the Singhbhum craton of the eastern Indian shield is one of the important Proterozoic lava suites. Experimental studies on 1 atmosphere pressure constrain the parental magma type and temperature range of crystallization of the parent magma (deduced to be in the range of 1500°C to 1200°C). The experimental studies show that at 1500°C, plagioclase is the first phase to crystallize, followed by few opaques which join along with plagioclase at 1450°C. At subsequent lower temperature (1400°C-1300°C), plagioclase and opaque continue to crystallize. At 1250°C plagioclase and opaque still persist while pyroxene appears first and liquid (glass) still remains. Appearance of opaque minerals (magnetite and illmenite) at both ~1400°C and ~1300°C indicate oscillation of oxygen fugacity in the parent magma, petrographically documented by coarser phenocrysts as well as finer or peripheral tiny grains. Use of tectonic discrimination diagrams (based on discrimination factors F₁-F₂ and FeO^t/MgO vs. TiO₂) shows an island arc tholeiitic affinity for Malangtoli volcanic, suggests that the role of proto-plate convergence in Singhbhum architecture played an important role to build up Malangtoli volcanics during Proterozoic.     

Geochronological Constraints on Evolution of Singhbhum Mobile Belt and Associated Basic Volcanics of Eastern Indian Shield

The Singhbhum Mobile Belt (SMB) of the eastern Indian shield represents a roughly east-west-trending arcuate belt of folded supracrustals overlying the granite-greenstone basement of the Singhbhum-Orissa Craton along its northern, eastern and western margins and is bounded by the Chotanagpur Gneissic Complex to further north. The radiometric ages of the basement Singhbhum and equivalent granites and the intrusive anorogenic Mayurbhanj granite pluton constrain the time of evolution of this mobile belt between 3.12 and 3.09 Ga. Hence, the SMB supracrustals also known as Singhbhum Group, is late Mesoarchaean in age and not Proterozoic as thought earlier. The evolution of the SMB was followed by emplacement of some major basic igneous rocks within or adjacent to the supracrustals. These include Simlipal volcanics at >3.09 Ga on the SMB, Mayurbhanj gabbro along with Mayurbhanj granite at 3.09 Ga along the marginal part of the craton near the SMB, and the Dalma volcanics on the SMB along with the Dhanjori volcanics adjacent to SMB at 2.80 Ga. The 2.80 Ga old basic volcanics is also associated with emplacement of some small granite plutons occurring along the marginal part of the craton, one of them, the Tamperkola granite intrudes the SMB. The >3.09 Ga onward igneous activities along the marginal part of Singhbhum-Orissa Craton took place essentially under anorogenic tectonic setting before being affected by a major metamorphism at 2.50 Ga, which is recorded on the Dalma volcanics and on some small granite pluton occurs along the marginal part of the craton. The Jagannathpur and stratigraphically equivalent Malangtoli volcanics, occurring within the Singhbhum-Orissa Craton at the west, were erupted at 2.25 Ga. The boundary between the SMB supracrustals and the Singhbhum-Orissa Craton is demarked by a prominent shear zone known as the Singhbhum Shear Zone, which shows multiple reactivation, the oldest being at 3.09 Ga, followed by subsequent reactivation during Palaeo- and Mesoproterozoic periods at 2.2, 1.8, 1.6-1.5, 1.4 and 1.0 Ga respectively. The Singhbhum Group and the adjacent Chotanagpur Gneissic Complex appear to have evolved from a near shore syn-rift and a distal post-rift stable shelf sedimentary assemblages respectively, which were deposited without any stratigraphic break in a marine basin existed in the present north of the Singhbhum-Orissa Craton. Both of these assemblages were deformed and metamorphosed together during Proterozoic at 2.5 to >2.3 Ga, 1.6 Ga and 1.0 Ga.     

Geochronological and geochemical constraints on the Cuonadong leucogranite,eastern Himalaya

First comprehensive investigations of the Cuonadong leucogranite exposed in North Himalayan gneiss dome of southern Tibet are presented in this study. The SIMS U–Pb ages of oscillatory zircon rims scatter in a wide range from 34.1 to 16.0 Ma, and the Cuonadong leucogranite probably emplaced at 16.0 Ma. High-precision ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating on a muscovite sample yields an essentially flat age spectrum with consistent plateau and isochron ages, indicating that the Cuonadong leucogranite cooled below 450 °C at 14 Ma. Based on the youngest zircon U–Pb age and muscovite ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age, the Cuonadong leucogranite experienced rapid cooling with a rate of 119 °C/Myr from 16 to 14 Ma. The geochronological data of this undeformed leucogranite also suggest that the ductile extension of the South Tibetan Detachment System in the eastern Himalaya ceased by ca. 14 Ma. Furthermore, the initial Sr–Nd isotopic compositions and Nd model ages demonstrate that the leucogranite was derived from metapelitic source within the Greater Himalayan Crystalline Complex. The distinct Ba depletion with high Rb/Sr ratios and negative Eu anomalies make it clear that the leucogranite melts were generated by breakdown of muscovite under fluid-absent conditions.     

郯庐断裂带构造演化的同位素年代学制约

近年来在郯庐断裂带内获得了大量的同位素年龄,为了解该断裂带的演化规律与相关动力学过程提供了有效的制约。该断裂带早期走滑构造带内给出了238～236 Ma的白云母 40Ar/39Ar 变形年龄,指示其起源于华北与华南克拉通碰撞过程的深俯冲阶段,支持其造山期陆内转换断层成因观点。其晚中生代走滑韧性剪切带内已获得的较大白云母 40Ar/39Ar冷却年龄为162～150 Ma,表明其再次左行平移发生在晚侏罗世初或中 晚侏罗世之交,出现在区域压扭性动力学背景下。这一事件应代表了中国东部滨太平洋构造域的开始时间。已获得的一系列断裂带内岩体与火山岩锆石LA ICPMS年龄显示,该断裂带内伸展性背景下最早的岩浆活动时间为136 Ma。而断裂带所控制的断陷盆地内地层时代表明其伸展活动发生在早白垩世初（约145 Ma）。这应指示了中国东部转变为伸展性动力学背景的时间。该断裂带一系列长石40Ar/39Ar年龄与磷灰石裂变径迹年龄,显示其在晚白垩世与古近纪仍处于伸展活动之中。     

Fossil marginal bassin from the Indian shield: A model for the evolution of Singhbhum Precambrian belt,Eastern India

In the eastern part of the Indian shield covering Shinghbhum and adjoining districts of Bihar, occurs the fossil marginal basin which opened up during the early Proterozoic, flanked by Archaean continent to the south. Volcanism played a significant role in filling up the basin. The spine of the basin is occupied by a basaltic lava pile representing a narrow oceanic sector. BIF and possible marginal basin ophiolites are other significant members of the basin cover. The structural features and sedimentary history of the basin are characteristic for marginal basins in general. Identification of this marginal basin emphasises the role of plate tectonics in the evolution of the Indian Precambrian shield.

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Zusammenfassung Im östlichen Teil des Indischen Schildes erscheint im Shinghbhum in Distrikt Bihar ein fossiles Randbecken, das sich im frühen Proterozoikum geöffnet hat und vom Archaischen Kontinent im Süden flankiert wurde. Vulkanismus spielte eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Füllung dieses Beckens. Das Zentrum des Beckens wird von einer Basaltlage eingenommen, die einen engen ozeanischen Bereich dokumentiert. BIF und Beckenophiolithe sind weitere charakteristische Teile der Füllung. Die tektonische Struktur und die sedimentäre Geschichte des Beckens sind für Randbeckenentwicklung typisch. Die Entdeckung dieses Beckens weist auf die Rolle der Plattentektonik bei der Entwicklung des Indischen Schildes im Präkambrium hin.

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Résumé Dans le Shingbhum et les districts voisins du Bihar de la partie orientale du bouclier indien, apparaît un bassin marginal fossile qui s'est ouvert au cours du Protérozoïque inferieur, flanqué au nord par un continent archéen. Le volcanisme y a joué un rôle important en remplissant le bassin. Le centre du bassin est occupé par un empilement de laves basaltiques représentant un secteur océanique étroit. BIF et peut-être aussi des ophiolites de bassin marginal sont d'autres membres importants de la couverture de ce bassin. Les faits structuraux et l'histoire sédimentaire du bassin sont caractéristiques pour des bassins marginaux en général. L'identification de ce basin marginal met en relief le rôle de la tectonique de plaque dans l'évolution du bouclier précambrien indien.

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Shinghbhum'e, Bihar, , . . , . BIF . . .

     

Geochronological constraints on the evolution of the Periadriatic Fault System (Alps)

Fault rocks from various segments of the Periadriatic fault system (PAF; Alps) have been directly dated using texturally controlled Rb-Sr microsampling dating applied to mylonites, and both stepwise-heating and laser-ablation ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating applied to pseudotachylytes. The new fault ages place better constraints on tectonic models proposed for the PAF, particularly in its central sector. Along the North Giudicarie fault, Oligocene (E)SE-directed thrusting (29-32 Ma) is currently best explained as accommodation across a cogenetic restraining bend within the Oligocene dextral Tonale-Pustertal fault system. In this case, the limited jump in metamorphic grade observed across the North Giudicarie fault restricts the dextral displacement along the kinematically linked Tonale fault to ~30 km. Dextral displacement between the Tonale and Pustertal faults cannot be transferred via the Peio fault because of both Late Cretaceous fault ages (74-67 Ma) and sinistral transtensive fault kinematics. In combination with other pseudotachylyte ages (62-58 Ma), widespread Late Cretaceous-Paleocene extension is established within the Austroalpine unit, coeval with sedimentation of Gosau Group sediments. Early Miocene pseudotachylyte ages (22-16 Ma) from the Tonale, Pustertal, Jaufen and Passeier faults argue for a period of enhanced fault activity contemporaneous with lateral extrusion of the Eastern Alps. This event coincides with exhumation of the Penninic units and contemporaneous sedimentation within fault-bound basins.     

Geochronological constraints on early volcanic evolution of the Pilbara Block,Western Australia

U‐Pb isotopic systems of zircons from the Boobina and Spinaway Porphyries from the Precambrian Pilbara Block of Western Australia indicate ages of 3307± 19 Ma and 2768 ± 16 Ma, respectively. The Boobina Porphyry intrudes upper members of the Archaean greenstones of the Warrawoona Group. The Spinaway Porphyry intrudes basal units of the unconformably overlying volcanics and sediments of the Mt Bruce Supergroup. The age of the Boobina Porphyry, together with previous zircon U‐Pb and whole rock Sm‐Nd age determinations on stratigraphically older units, indicate that early Archaean volcanism in the Pilbara took place between 3560 Ma and 3300 Ma. On the basis of the age determination of the Spinaway Porphyry, and the chronometric definition of 2500 Ma for the Archaean—Proterozoic boundary, by the International Subcommis‐sion on Precambrian Stratigraphy (James H. L. 1978, Precambrian Res. 7, 193–204), the lower units of the Mt Bruce Supergroup should now be assigned to the Archaean.     

Geochronological constraints on the evolution of the Embu Complex, São Paulo, Brazil

Petrologic and geochronological work was carried out on a roadside outcrop of amphibolite facies orthogneisses near São Lourenço da Serra, about 50 km southwest of São Paulo City. These orthogneisses belong to the Embu Complex, within the Neoproterozoic Brasiliano Orogenic Cycle mobile belts of SE Brazil. The outcrop consists of predominantly foliated biotite tonalites and granodiorites, which were cut by granitic veins and pegmatites prior to final deformation. SHRIMP U/Pb measurements on zircons from one granodioritic–tonalitic gneiss indicate magmatic crystallization of the protolith at 811±13 Ma (MSWD=1.0). Zircons with dates of ca. 2000 and ca. 1000 Ma in this rock are interpreted as inherited from older crust. One zircon analyzed from the gneiss and three zircons from a discordant pegmatitic vein indicate an event at 650–700 Ma, perhaps related to the intrusion of the pegmatites. A regression of Rb–Sr whole rock data for four biotite gneisses yielded an imperfect isochron, giving an apparent age of 821±68 Ma and an elevated initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of 0.719±0.005. The elevated initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio and the inherited zircons indicate involvement of older crust in the genesis of the gneisses. Rb–Sr feldspar and whole rock pairs yield ca. 560 Ma tielines, giving the time of final cooling below 300–350 °C, and the cessation of medium-grade metamorphism and ductile deformation. These results document a series of tectono-thermal events spanning 250 million years during the Brasiliano Orogenic Cycle. They relate to ca. 800 Ma magmatic arc activity and later allochthonous terrane assembly during closure of the Adamastor Ocean, resulting in the accretion of Western Gondwana.     

Tectonostratigraphic and geochronologic reappraisal constraining the growth and evolution of Singhbhum Archaean craton, eastern India

Reappraisal of field relationships between the different lithological ensembles supported by available geochronological data, and taking due note of the tectono-metamorphic, magmatic and sedimentation history helped to build up a coherent crustal evolutionary history of the Singhbhum Archaean craton, eastern India. The evolution of the earliest sialic crust, as the isotope ages suggest, was around 3700 Ma or even earlier. Deposition of the oldest, dominantly metasedimentary supracrustals, the Older Metamorphic Group (OMG), was initiated at around 3380 Ma, i.e. after a gap of about 320 million years. The closing of OMG basins synchronously with the emplacement of a granitoid phase was at ca.3285 Ma. No other fabric-forming ductile deformation and metamorphism associated with the development of foliation and mineral lineation is known in the rocks of the Singhbhum Archaean craton subsequent to this event. Formation of the succeeding geological ensembles including the deposition of BIF-bearing Iron Ore Group (IOG) and the emplacement of the post-IOG granitoids at ca.3100 Ma can be described as ??lsnon-orogenic?? event taking place during the phase of tectonic quiescence. Supracrustals like the Dhanjori and Simlipal mafic volcanics with intercalated beds of arenite evolved later during the phase of Plume outburst at around 2800 Ma. The end-Archaean intrusion of Newer Dolerite dykes in conjugate sets and the deposition of Kolhan Group in an N-S oriented basin during an E-W stress system mark the culmination of the Archaean crust-building activity in the Singhbhum Archaean craton.     

A new cache of Eoarchaean detrital zircons from the Singhbhum craton,eastern India and constraints on early Earth geodynamics

The dominant geodynamic processes that underpin the formation and evolution of Earth’s early crust remain enigmatic calling for new information from less studied ancient cratonic nuclei.Here,we present U-Pb ages and Hf isotopic compositions of detrital zircon grains from^2.9 Ga old quartzites and magmatic zircon from a 3.505 Ga old dacite from the Iron Ore Group of the Singhbhum craton,eastern India.The detrital zircon grains range in age between 3.95 Ga and 2.91 Ga.Together with the recently reported Hadean,Eoarchean xenocrystic(up to 4.24 Ga)and modem detritus zircon grains from the Singhbhum craton,our results suggest that the Eoarchean detrital zircons represent crust generated by recycling of Hadean felsic crust formed at^4.3-4.2 Ga and^3.95 Ga.We observe a prominent shift in Hf isotope compositions at^3.6-3.5 Ga towards super-chondritic values,which signify an increased role for depleted mantle and the relevance of plate tectonics.The Paleo-,Mesoarchean zircon Hf isotopic record in the craton indicates crust generation involving the role of both depleted and enriched mantle sources.We infer a short-lived suprasubduction setting around^3.6-3.5 Ga followed by mantle plume activity during the Paleo-,Mesoarchean crust formation in the Singhbhum craton.The Singhbhum craton provides an additional repository for Earth’s oldest materials.     

Geochronological constraints on Caledonian strike–slip displacement in Svalbard,with implications for the evolution of the Arctic

The timing of Svalbard's assembly in relation to the mid‐Paleozoic Caledonian collision between Baltica and Laurentia remains contentious. The Svalbard archipelago consists of three basement provinces bounded by N–S‐trending strike–slip faults whose displacement histories are poorly understood. Here, we report microstructural and mineral chemistry data integrated with ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar muscovite geochronology from the sinistral Vimsodden‐Kosibapasset Shear Zone (VKSZ, southwest Svalbard) and explore its relationship to adjacent structures and regional deformation within the circum‐Arctic. Our results indicate that strike–slip displacement along the VKSZ occurred in late Silurian–Early Devonian and was contemporaneous with the beginning of the main phase of continental collision in Greenland and Scandinavia and the onset of syn‐orogenic sedimentation in Silurian–Devonian fault‐controlled basins in northern Svalbard. These new‐age constraints highlight possible links between escape tectonics in the Caledonian orogen and mid‐Paleozoic terrane transfer across the northern margin of Laurentia.     

Geochronological scale and evolution of late Cenozoic magmatism within the Caucasian segment of the alpine belt

Results of the isotope-geochronological studies of the Late Cenozoic magmatism of Caucasus have been considered. The Neogene-Quaternary volcanic activity is found to have evolved during the last 15 m. y. being most intensive in the Middle-Late Pliocene. Within separate neovolcanic areas of the Caucasus region, magmatism was of a clearly discrete character when intense eruption periods interchanged with prolonged (up to several million years) times of quiet conditions. Four stages of young magmatism of the Caucasus are recognized: the Middle Miocene (15–13 Ma), the Late Miocene (9–5 Ma), the Pliocene (4.5–1.6 Ma), and the Quaternary (less than 1.5 Ma). However, for certain areas the time limits of these stages were shifted relative to each other and overlap the whole age range from the mid-Miocene to the end of the Quaternary period. Therefore, within the collision zone, the Neogene-Quaternary magmatism evolved almost continuously during almost the last 9 m. y., but in the time interval of 13–9 Ma in the Caucasian segment, volcanic activity was possibly low. No evidence of directed lateral migration of volcanic activity within the entire Caucasus region was found. At the same time, in the Lesser Caucasus the young magmatism commenced earlier (∼15 Ma), compared to the Greater Caucasus (∼8 Ma).     

Geochemistry,petrogenesis and tectonic significance of the Newer Dolerites from the Singhbhum Orissa craton,eastern Indian shield

The Singhbhum Orissa craton, eastern India contains rocks as old as 3.6 Ga. The Newer Dolerites occur in two distinct orientations (NE/SW and NW/SE) in the Singhbhum Granitoid Complex (SBGC). These dikes are mostly tholeiites and quartz-normative dolerites associated with subordinate norites. We recognize three geochemical groups of the Newer Dolerites that were emplaced in the SBGC. Group I dikes contain lower SiO₂ ( < 53.29%) and higher Mg #, Ni and Cr than group II dikes. Group III dikes have higher SiO₂ than groups I and II. A few investigated samples show boninitic geochemical features. They have high-MgO (>8%), high-SiO₂ (>52%) and low-TiO₂ ( ≤ 0.5%) bulk-rock compositions. The main feature of the Newer Dolerite spidergrams is enrichment in the large-ion lithophile elements (LILE, e.g. Rb, K and Ba) relative to high field-strength elements (HFSE), resulting in high LILE/HFSE ratios. These geochemical characteristics suggest that the Newer Dolerites are subduction related. High La/Ta ratios (21–66) support a non-plume source. Therefore, we conclude that the Newer Dolerites show geochemical signatures similar to those of back-arc basalts.     

Geochronological constraints on Paleoproterozoic crustal evolution and regional correlations of the northern Outer Hebridean Lewisian complex,Scotland

Ion-microprobe U–Th–Pb geochronological data are presented for four samples from Paleoproterozoic belts in the Lewisian of the northern Outer Hebrides, north-west Scotland. Two of these samples, a tonalite sheet associated with the South Harris igneous complex, and a psammite from the Leverburgh metasupracrustal belt, South Harris, yield zircons with a dominant ca. 1.87 Ga age. These are interpreted as the igneous crystallisation age for the tonalite and the source rock for the psammite, and their age concordance suggests that the latter was developed in an arc basin sequence, derived largely from contemporaneous igneous rocks, and buried during collision, which resulted in documented >1.83 Ga high-grade metamorphism. A diorite from the Paleoproterozoic shear zone at the northern tip of Lewis has a probable 2.7–2.8 Ga protolith age, although its zircons have strongly been affected by Pb-loss during later events culminating in development of low Th/U overgrowths at ca. 1.86 Ga. Zircons from a tonalite from Berneray in the Sound of Harris yield an Archean crystallisation age of ca. 2.83 Ga, with no indication of later disturbance, thus providing a southern limit to the region affected by Paleoproterozoic tectonothermal events. The Paleoproterozoic arc in South Harris represents a major tectonic boundary (active margin) in the Lewisian of the Outer Hebrides, possibly correlated with the Laxford or Gairloch shear zones of the mainland Lewisian. Contrasts in the flanking region geology and geochronology, possibly reflecting lateral heterogeneities, may be introduced by major thrusts and/or extensional faults (e.g. the Outer Isles fault) developed between the shear zones. On a broader regional scale, evidence for a magmatic arc in the Lewisian is consistent with the tectonic style of other ca. 1.9 Ga Paleoproterozoic collisional orogens throughout Laurentia–Fennoscandia, suggesting a reappraisal of the formerly proposed intracratonic evolution of the Lewisian at this time.     

Geochronological constraints on the evolution of high-pressure felsic granulites from an integrated electron microprobe and ID-TIMS geochemical study

A combined geochronological, geochemical, and Nd isotopic study of felsic high-pressure granulites from the Snowbird Tectonic Zone, northern Saskatchewan, Canada, has been carried out through the application of integrated electron microprobe and isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS) techniques. The terrane investigated is a 400 km² domain of garnet–kyanite–K–feldspar-bearing quartzofeldspathic gneisses. Monazite in these granulites preserves a complex growth history from 2.6 to 1.9 Ga, with well-armored, high Y and Th grains included in garnet yielding the oldest U–Pb dates at 2.62 to 2.59 Ga. In contrast, matrix grains and inclusions in garnet rims that are not well-armored are depleted in Y and Th, and display more complicated U–Pb systematics with multiple age domains ranging from 2.5 to 2.0 Ga. 1.9 Ga monazite occurs exclusively as matrix grains. Zircon is typically younger (2.58 to 2.55 Ga) than the oldest monazite. Sm–Nd isotope analysis of single monazite grains and whole rock samples indicate that inclusions of Archean monazite in garnet are similar in isotopic composition to the whole rock signature with a limited range of slightly negative initial _Nd. In contrast, grains that contain a Paleoproterozoic component show more positive initial _Nd, most simply interpreted as reflecting derivation from a source involving consumption of garnet and general depletion of HREE's. Our preferred interpretation is that the oldest monazite dates record igneous crystallization of the protolith. The ca. 2.55 Ga dates in zircon and monazite record an extensive melting event during which garnet and ternary feldspar formed. Very high-pressure (> 1.5 GPa) metamorphism during the Paleoproterozoic at 1.9 Ga produced kyanite from garnet breakdown, and resulted in limited growth of new monazite and zircon. In the case of monazite, this is likely due to the armoring and sequestration of early-formed monazite such that it could not participate in metamorphic reactions during the high-pressure event, as well as the depletion of the REE's due to melt loss following the early melting event.     

哀牢山造山带金矿成矿时序及其动力学背景探讨

哀牢山金矿带是我国最重要的喜马拉雅期造山型金矿带,形成于三江特提斯复合造山过程中。论文基于对哀牢山造山带金矿成矿作用的同位素定年结果,探讨了成矿年代学与构造-热事件的关系,厘定了其相关的地球动力学背景。已获得的最老成矿年龄集中于海西期,但过剩氩的存在导致视年龄值偏离真实成矿年龄,而最小视年龄(345.2±16Ma)与区域蛇绿岩的形成同时;含镍金黄铁矿硅质岩的含金量可能与热水沉积有关,其地球动力学环境对应于海底扩张和初始洋盆的形成。印支期是区域主碰撞造山高峰期,也是大规模岩浆活动与Cu-Ni-Pt-Pd硫化物矿床、VMS型Cu-Pb-Zn矿床及斑岩型Cu-Au矿床成矿集中期,其中老王寨金矿含金黄铁矿的Re-Os等时线年龄为229±38Ma。燕山期成矿年龄数据分散于180Ma、135Ma、110Ma和90Ma左右等多个时段,其中最晚时段年龄谱的最小视年龄值(91±1Ma)可能代表了一次较为重要的构造动力体制转换,该期(约90~70Ma)的区域成岩成矿(斑岩及斑岩型Cu-Mo-W-Au矿床)规模较大,表明增生造山→碰撞造山构造体制转换在研究区存在重要的成岩成矿响应。喜马拉雅期可能经历了早(63.09~61.55Ma)、主(36.10~33.76Ma)和晚(30.80~26.40Ma)三期金矿成矿-热事件,分别受控于印度-亚洲大陆碰撞早期的强烈汇聚挤压、早-晚期转换构造动力学体制,并可能受青藏高原物质东向逃逸和软流圈脉动隆起的联合制约,金矿大规模成矿作用与构造动力体制转换过程中的壳幔物质强烈交换与构造变形密切相关。     

Geochronological,geochemical and mineralogical constraints on the petrogenesis of appinites from the Laoniushan complex,eastern Qinling,central China

Appinites are commonly derived from a mantle source and are potentially significant in constraining the tectonic nature and evolution of ancient orogens, yet they have received little attention because of their limited outcrop. Here we investigate the newly identified appinitic rocks from the Laoniushan complex in the eastern Qinling Orogen. The appinites are composed of coarse-grained hornblendite, medium- and fine-grained hornblende-gabbro, and diorite porphyrite in the field occurrence. Winthin the appinitic rocks, the hornblendite displays features of cumulates. This study presents LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb data, mineral chemistry and whole rock geochemistry of the appinites. Zircons in the mafic to ultramafic rocks yield a U-Pb age of 152 ± 1Ma. The geochemistry of the rocks displays: lower SiO₂, higher Fe₂O₃^T and MgO contents, relatively flat chondrite normalized REE patterns with slight enrichment in light REE and a minor negative Eu anomaly; enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements(LILE, e.g. Rb, Ba, Sr and P), and depletion in high field strength elements(HFSE, e.g. Nb, Zr, Hf and Ti). Such geochemical features, together with crust-like bulk Sr-Nd isotopic compositions(initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of 0.7057–0.7072, ε_Nd(t) = −17.2 to −9), suggest that the Laoniushan appinites likely originated from an ancient metasomatised mantle, followed by fractional crystallization in the petrogenetic process. The studied appinites were most likely generated in an intracontinental extensional environment in the Late Mesozoic.     

觉罗塔格南缘石炭系火山岩地球化学特征及其对古亚洲洋南缘构造演化的指示意义

研究了觉罗塔格南缘石炭系雅满苏组与土古土布拉克组火山岩的主量元素、微量元素和Sr-Nd同位素特征。结果显示,雅满苏组(中)酸性熔岩属贫钾钙碱性岩浆系列,Mg#值介于0.49~0.51,ISr介于0.706 42~0.707 68、εNd(t)为3.28~5.49,富集轻稀土与大离子亲石元素、相对亏损重稀土与高场强元素,具中等负Eu异常(δEu=0.62~0.65),其形成可能与幔源基性岩浆结晶分异有关。土古土布拉克组中(酸)性火山岩属钙碱性-高钾钙碱性系列,Mg#值介于0.53~0.57,轻稀土相对富集,重稀土相对亏损,略具负铕异常(δEu=0.63~0.84),富集大离子亲石元素,相对亏损高场强元素,ISr介于0.703 71~0.708 47、εNd(t)为6.48~6.83,表明其母岩浆来源于受交代的富集岩石圈地幔楔。结合区域地质背景研究成果,认为它们形成于古亚洲洋壳向南俯冲的岛弧环境,并且早石炭世的雅满苏组火山岩代表不成熟的洋内岛弧的产物,而晚石炭世的土古土布拉克组火山岩是岛弧演化到相对成熟阶段的产物。这种物质成分和时空分布特征揭示的石炭纪该区壳幔岩石圈由北向南、由老到新明显增厚现象,为古亚洲洋南缘吐哈古洋壳当时在该处具有向南俯冲的极性提供了有力证据。