超导重力仪观测数据分析

超导重力仪作为目前研究时变重力场的主要仪器具有很高的灵敏度和稳定性、很低的噪音水平和漂移以及很宽的动态频率响应范围。探测时间序列中隐含的周期信号是超导重力仪观测数据分析的主要目标之一,通过快速傅里叶变换(FFT)和最小二乘谱分析方法分析超导重力数据中隐含信号的检测,并对两种方法结果进行了分析比较。并最终用小波分析的方法进行了检校。     

利用超导重力数据探测内核超速旋转的研究

内核存在约(0.27°~0.53°)/a的超速旋转,由此导致的全球年平均重力变化强度约为0.08~0.16μGal(0.8~1.6 nms-2)。除地震数据外,时变重力数据有可能成为探测内核超速旋转速率的重要信息源。对武汉九峰台站超导重力仪观测数据进行了潮汐改正、大气负荷改正、极移改正和日长变化改正,得到了经过各项改正后的时变重力信号;采用小波分析方法对上述时变重力信号进行了处理分析,得到了可供参考的结果;针对目前利用超导重力仪数据探测内核超速旋转所存在的困难提出了几个解决方案和建议。     

地下水变化对重力场观测的影响

正有效消除地下水影响是利用地面重力场观测监测和研究地壳运动及地下物质运移的关键步骤之一。基于超导重力仪(SG)的高精度重力观测,可建立地下水变化与重力场变化之间的关系,一方面可以利用地下水文资料消除地下水变化的影响,增强超导重力仪对地球物理学/地球动力学信号的探测能力;另一方面可以利用超导重力仪观测资料长期连续地监测与地下水质量流动相关的各种现象,并用于地下水储量变化、土壤参数估计、水文模型约束等方面的研究。本文利用拉萨和武汉九峰两个超导重力台站的高精     

东日本大地震重力信号同震响应

对2011年3月11日日本本州东海岸附近海域Mw9.0级地震前后的观测重力资料进行了同震响应信号分析,给出了gPhone重力仪在大地震后的长周期地震面波和自由振荡的观测结果。震后12h数据经带通滤波后可以分辨出7个环绕地球传播的瑞雷波记录,在低频范围内（5mHz以下）检测到43个地球自由振荡基频振型及52个谐频振型,其分布与理论模型吻合较好。其中,在1mHz以下的低频段内观测到4个振型的谱峰分裂现象。     

超导重力仪台站背景噪声水平评估及信号提取

正超导重力仪台站的背景噪声水平是评价观测数据质量和台站观测环境优良水平的一个关键指标,可以为台站选址、仪器校正以及观测数据用于地球动力学研究的潜力评估提供必要的前提和依据。另一方面,超导重力仪可以探测到许多微弱的地球动力学信号,有些信号甚至"藏"于背景噪声中,对这些信号的检测和研究有助于了解地球内部结构及各种地球动力学过程。本文详细研究了超导重力仪台站背景噪声水平的评估方法,基于该     

连续重力观测异常模式的多分辨率识别算法

在小波多孔算法的基础上,提出了一种综合信号频率信息和幅值信息的连续重力观测数据多分辨率异常模式识别算法,利用小波分解得到高频区域的能量作为频率指标,与幅值相结合,对信号及其多孔小波分解结果进行多分辨率异常模式识别。利用模拟数据和实际超导重力观测数据对算法的有效性进行了验证,结果表明,该算法能够准确地在带有噪声的信号中识别模拟数据的异常模式,可应用于连续重力观测台网数据分析处理,对于提升台网观测数据质量以及地震预测等实际应用都具有重要意义。用此方法分析拉萨和武汉的3台超导重力仪2015-04-25尼泊尔地震前一天的秒采样数据后,得到一段27 min的在频率指标上有超过90%相似性的异常模式,这一结果的更深层次物理解释仍需要进一步研究。     

武汉和京都台站超导重力仪高精度潮汐重力观测结果

利用高精度潮汐重力场观测研究地球物理学和地球动力学问题已成为当今地学工作者的共识.由于某些信号十分微弱且具有区域和全球分布特征,相当一部分信号被混合在常规仪器的观测噪声水平上,因此获得全球分布的第一手高精度观测资料显得尤为重要.超导重力仪具有精度高,连续性和稳定性好等特征,期望能在测定区域和全球重力场的精细结构方面发挥重要作用.有18个台站参加的全球地球动力学合作项目于1997年7月份开始实施,其主要目的是解决诸如固体潮、地核近周日晃动、核模、地球自转和极移,地球和大气海洋的耦合机理以及由构造运动引起的重力场变化等热点问题.我们曾研究过中比法三国的超导重力仪潮汐观测资料,获得了欧洲和亚洲不同地区潮汐常数及分布特征.本文将利用武汉和日本京都三台超导重力仪观测资料研究亚洲地区大陆和海岛上的潮汐波振幅因子和相位滞后的时间变化特征以及各参数的误差估计等,同时将检测由大气和海潮变化产生的重力信号.文章分数据处理方法、潮汐参数测定、大气重力信号、海潮重力信号、潮汐参数的时间变化、非潮汐重力场变化特征等几方面叙述.     

iGrav-007超导重力仪的性能分析及对球型自由振荡模态_0S_m的检测

iGrav超导重力仪是世界上最新型的便携式高精度重力仪,可提供目前为止最稳定的相对重力测量。基于Tsoft软件处理iGrav-007在武汉九峰台站连续5个月的观测数据,进行气压负荷、极移重力效应改正,分析重力残差和漂移等特性。通过频谱分析,检测观测期间2013年Mw6.6级芦山地震激发的球型自由振荡模态0Sm,检测结果明显,综合表明iGrav-007观测性能良好。     

武汉基准台气压对重力潮汐观测的影响

武汉基准台超导重力仪观测重力残差和台站气压的相关分析结果表明,重力残差信号主要是由气压变化引起的。本文在频率和时间域内分别测定了大气重力导纳值,结果说明在时域内的导纳值为－０．３０７μＧａｌ／（１Ｇａｌ＝１ｃｍ／ｓ＾２）,而在频域内的大气重力导纳值变化范围在０．３￣０．５μＧａｌ／ｈＰａ之间,这一结果与理论模拟计算相符。对实测资料作气压改正的结果表明气压改正效果非常显著,各频段内的观测残差振幅均有     

2013年Ms 7.0级中国芦山地震断层曲面模型的构建及其滑动分布的大地测量反演

根据中国芦山地震的余震序列分布和地质构造情况,联合GPS同震位移和水准测量数据,采用格网搜索法和方差分量估计（variance covariance component,VCE）方法建立了芦山地震的断层曲面模型。以建立的断层曲面模型为基础进行滑动分布反演,反演结果表明此次地震以明显的逆冲滑动为主,存在左旋趋势,断层的滑动主要发生在4.56~18.25 km深度范围内,最大滑动量为0.70 m,在深度12.64 km附近,释放的能量为8.77×1018 N/m（相当于Mw 6.57级）。对曲面模型进行棋盘检验,结果表明其能够较好地分辨出断层深度浅于13 km的凹凸体,其面积最小为8 km×8 km。     

High-frequency parasitic modes of superconducting gravimeters

The superconducting gravimeter (SG) has a long-period instrumental noise called the parasitic mode at periods around 100 s, whose precise mechanism has not yet been identified. In this paper, another instrumental noise is detected at much higher frequencies by analyzing the high-rate gravity channel of two SGs in Japan. This is also a parasitic oscillation, characterized by frequencies on the order of 1 Hz and very high Q values. Detailed spectra indicate that the noise actually consists of two modes with small frequency separations. Based on a simple theory on the rotational motions of the superconducting sphere in the gravity sensor, the observed modes are tentatively identified as rotational oscillations of the sphere about two orthogonal axes in the horizontal plane. Interactions between the parasitic modes are investigated using the spectra acquired on an earthquake, to conclude that the low-frequency parasitic mode is likely to be a rotational motion of the sphere about the vertical axis.     

Wavelet filter analysis of local atmospheric pressure effects on gravity variations

An efficient method is proposed for the analysis of atmospheric pressure effects on gravity variations. It processes gravity and pressure signals using an orthogonal filter bank derived from high-degree Daubechies wavelets. The method introduces the atmospheric pressure admittance, which is both time- and frequency-dependent, and thus provides more information about when and how the frequency components in the pressure signal influence gravity variations. We demonstrate the efficiency of the wavelet method by applying it to observations from the Wuhan (China) superconducting gravimeter station. The analysis of gravity and pressure signals in 14 sub-bands with different bandwidths covering a frequency range from 0.176 to 720 cpd (cycles per day) reveals that local atmospheric pressure fluctuations start to induce obvious effects on gravity variations in the seismic band 0.52–1.04 mHz (periods 16 to 32 min) and highly correlate with gravity variation in the long-period seismic mode band 0.26–0.52 mHz (periods 32–64 min). The harmonics of solar-heating-induced atmospheric tides play a leading role in interfering with the variation of gravity residuals in the frequency band 0.704–11.25 cpd (periods 128 min to 1.42 day). Local atmospheric pressure effects on gravity variation are very strong in the frequency band 0.176–0.704 cpd (periods 1.42–5.69 day). Accurately filtering quarter-diurnal tides into a narrow band further demonstrates the efficiency of the wavelet method. After removing secular gravity changes and long-period atmospheric pressure variations, we show that there are obvious variations of local pressure admittance on time scales of hours to days. We also reveal seasonal variability of pressure admittances in the band 0.176–0.352 cpd (periods 2.84–5.69 day) after removing the effects of solar-heating atmospheric tides.     

iGrav-007超导重力仪格值的精密测定

iGrav超导重力仪是当前世界上最新型的便携式相对重力仪,可提供最稳定和最高精度的连续相对重力测量。利用武汉九峰台站FG5-112绝对重力仪与iGrav-007超导重力仪连续3天的同址观测结果,基于最小二乘线性回归和迭代算法,精密确定iGrav-007的格值。数据处理结果表明,iGrav-007的格值为(-91.640 2±0.085 2)×10-8 m·s-2/V,相对标定精度为0.092 9%,连续1天的FG5绝对重力观测获得的格值精度优于0.2%,连续3天的FG5绝对重力观测获得的格值精度优于0.1%。     

Precise tidal gravity recorded with superconducting gravimeters at stations Wuhan (China) and Kyoto (Japan)

 Three long series of tidal gravity observations, totalizing approximately 24 years and recorded with three superconducting gravimeters, T004, T008, and T009, at stations Wuhan (China) and Kyoto (Japan), are studied. The tidal amplitude factors and phase differences are determined precisely using Eterna and Nsv techniques. The precision of the main tidal amplitudes is at the same level of 0.01 μGal. The atmospheric gravity signals are corrected using the coefficients determined with a regression method between tidal gravity residual and station air pressure. The oceanic gravity signals are modeled based on five global oceanic models. It is found that the oceanic models developed by the analysis of measurements from Topex/Poseidon altimeters have the best fit to the superconducting gravimeter measurements, since the observed residuals and the discrepancies between the amplitude factors and the theoretical tidal models are reduced more significantly. The long-period gravity variations are dominated by the non-linear drift phenomena of the instruments, and the short-term variations in gravity are due to the background noise at the stations. Received: 20 January 2000 / Accepted: 15 September 2000     

Results of three year observation with a superconducting gravimeter at the GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam

The superconducting gravimeter (SG) TT70 has been continuously recording gravity data at the GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ) Potsdam absolute gravity site since July 1992. The recorded data are edited and preprocessed by spike and step detection and elimination and gap filling. An atmospheric pressure correction is carried out on gravity data in the time domain with a complex admittance before tidal fitting. The atmospheric pressure admittance is calculated from tide free output of SG data and local atmospheric pressure using the cross spectral method. The ground water level admittance is determined by a single coefficient. Improvements with these corrections are shown in analysis results. New tidal parameters for Potsdam site are determined and compared with recordings of an Askania spring gravimeter at a nearby site. Deviations against the Wahr-Dehant-model are shown. Polar motion data of the IERS (International Earth Rotation Service, Paris) are used to calculate variations of centrifugal acceleration caused by polar motion (pole tide). These are compared with the corrected tide free output of SG series. For drift determination the polar motion correction is applied on SG data. The nutation period equivalent to the Earth's Nearly Diurnal Free Wobble is calculated from the SG data with a value of T_FCN = (437.4 ± 1.5) sidereal days. This result is compared with those obtained from other SG stations. Received 19 December 1995; Accepted 13 September 1996     

Scale factor calibration of a superconducting gravimeter at Esashi Station, Japan, using absolute gravity measurements

The scale factor of a superconducting gravimeter (SG) at the Esashi Earth Tides Station, Japan, was revised by repeating co-located absolute gravity measurements with an FG5 gravimeter. Although the calibration results from the absolute gravimeter (AG) show an apparent secular change in the scale factor of the SG (0.4% for the period 1993–2002), the relative scale factors, which are determined by tidal analysis with the response method, indicate that it has changed by no more than 0.01% during the above period. If the mean scale factor over the 10 years is adopted, a value of –56.082±0.029 Gal/V (1 Gal =10^–8 m s^–2) is obtained, which is about 0.4% smaller than that used in the global geodynamics project (GGP) database. Based on this newly determined scale factor, the tidal gravity factors at Esashi have been re-estimated. The observed tidal factors, corrected for the ocean tide effects with recent models, indicate that the theoretical gravity factors for an inelastic Earth model are more consistent with the observations than are those for an elastic model.     

A study of gravity variations caused by polar motion using superconducting gravimeter data from the GGP network

Long-term continuous gravity observations, recorded at five superconducting gravimeter (SG) stations in the Global Geodynamic Project (GGP) network, as well as data on orientation variations in the Earths rotation axis (i.e. polar motion), have been used to investigate the characteristics of gravity variations on the Earths surface caused by polar motion. All the SG gravity data sets were pre-processed using identical techniques to remove the luni-solar gravity tides, the long-term trends of the instrumental drift, and the effects of atmospheric pressure. The analysis indicates that the spectral peaks, related to the Chandler and annual wobbles, were identified in both the power and product spectral density estimates. The magnitude of gravity variations, as well as the gravimetric amplitude factor associated with the Chandler wobble, changed significantly at different SG stations and during different observation periods. However, when all the SG observations at these five sites were combined, the gravimetric parameters of the Chandler wobble were retrieved accurately: 1.1613 ± 0.0737 for the amplitude factor and –1°.30 ± 1°.33 for the phase difference. The value of the estimated amplitude factor is in agreement with that predicted theoretically for the zonal tides of an elastic Earth model.     

2009-07-22湖北地区日全食期间的重力观测

利用武汉市九峰站CWR C032型超导重力仪和沙洋地区的Lacost G型、ET型弹簧重力仪,对2009-07-22发生在长江沿线的日全食进行了重力观测。首先,对超导重力仪在日全食期间的观测数据扣除重力固体潮汐及气压影响后,分析其幅度变化,没有发现日全食期间及前后出现幅度异常的＂重力谷＂。同时,对G型和ET型重力仪观测数据采用数字滤波器法及多项式拟合重力潮汐法扣除固体潮汐影响后,同样也没有发现日全食期间及前后出现幅度较大的异常。重力实测数据处理和分析表明,2009年日全食期间并未发现＂重力谷＂现象。     

大气压力变化对武汉台站重力场观测的影响

利用全球2°×2.5°、中国及邻区域30′×30′ 气压资料和Farrell弹性地球模型负荷理论,采用数值积分方法,计算了大气压力变化对武汉台站重力场观测的影响。对1990年1月1日至12月31日的数值结果分析表明,全球大气压力变化对武汉台站重力的影响峰对峰达12微伽,大气重力导纳的年平均值为-0.260 μGal/mba(1 mba=1 hPa),这一结果同潮汐分析中由回归分析方法获得的导纳值相近。说明在利用超导重力仪观测资料应用于地球动力学研究之前,有必要作精细的全球气压变化改正。