基于旅游开发影响的五台山植被景观特征分析

以往旅游对植被影响的评价成果较多,但是旅游影响下植被景观与地理因子之间的关系报道较少。本文利用多种数量生态学方法探讨了五台山旅游开发与植被景观之间的生态关系。结果表明：① 旅游开发影响下五台山植被景观可分为单优乔木区、草本区、差级乔草区、中级乔草区、中级灌草区、良级灌草区、良级乔灌草区、优级乔灌草区、以及寺庙区、商业区或居民区9种类型。② 在除趋势对应分析中,第一轴与所有因子的相关性都较大,第二轴与旅游干扰度和海拔呈显著的负相关性。各植被景观类型的空间分布在一定程度上取决于关键性指标的空间格局。③ 除趋势典范对应分析方法能够大大提高植被景观特征与地理因子间的相关性,并将其直观地表达于排序图中。在植被景观特征与地理因子的关系上,第一轴上的相关系数是0.858_DCCA>0.828_DCA,第二轴上的相关系数是0.583_DCCA>0.501_DCA,这说明除趋势典范对应分析方法更优。     

石羊河流域海拔、植被覆盖与景观类型空间关系研究

 以Landsat/TM为数据源,在桌面GIS支持下解译出研究区各景观类型,根据植被的生长周期,结合植被指数[WTBX]NDVI[WTBZ]作为研究因子,采用目前较为流行的主成分变换法（PCA）,结合景观类型图和数字高程模型(DEM),参考相关地理基础图件,对石羊河流域海拔和植被覆盖进行分级分类。运用叠置分析法研究了不同海拔高度和不同植被覆盖下[WTBX]NDVI[WTBZ]变化情况;同时分析了各景观类型与海拔和植被覆盖三者之间的空间关系。结果表明：研究区各景观类型大体依海拔呈垂直性分布,各自然要素组成垂直分异性特征亦较为明显。植被覆盖、景观类型与海拔之间呈垂直型分布规律,低海拔区景观类型单一,主要为荒漠系统,且与植被覆盖关系密切,相关度也最高;高海拔区景观类型较为复杂并交错分布,与植被覆盖关系不大,拟合效果不理想。此次研究目的在于对石羊河流域景观格局特征和格局优化研究提供参考思路,对流域生态规划和治理提供依据,对干旱内陆河流域植被及生态环境变化研究具有深远意义。     

旅游干扰对五台山植被景观区植物多样性的影响

 物种多样性是衡量景区生态环境质量的重要指标之一。通过计算物种的多样性指数、科属、区系、生活型和生态型特征,利用除趋势对应分析方法对五台山旅游干扰下植物多样性的格局进行了研究,结果表明：在不同地理因子和物种多样性的作用下,各类植被景观区表现出一定的格局规律。在排序图上,以灌木层和草本层植物为主的Ⅲ区、Ⅳ区和Ⅶ区位于左侧,以乔木层、灌木层和草本层植物为主的Ⅰ区、Ⅱ区、Ⅵ区和Ⅴ区位于中间,仅有乔木层的Ⅸ区位于右侧。坡位、海拔和旅游影响系数与DCA第一轴和第二轴的相关性均较大,说明这3个因子对植物多样性的格局有重要影响。研究结果有益于五台山景区的生态管理。     

北京城市认知的空间关联模式——城市地名认知率的空间分析

论文通过空间聚类分析方法,在基于认知率和位置关系划分认知地点类型、街道类型的基础上,讨论了北京城市地名认知率的空间差异性、基于地点-街道的空间认知关联模式,并得出三方面的结论.第一,北京城市空间认知差异性明显.从地点类型来看,城区南部中心城区和近郊区的认知率低且分布集中,东北部近郊区认知率低且离散性强,西部中心城区和近郊区认知率高且集中,东南中心城区认知率高且离散.从街道类型看,中心城区街道认知率高,外围街道认知率低,表现为中心-边缘结构.第二,各类型街道对23地点的认知率与距离之间表现为不同的结合型式,有近距离一低认知率型、近距离-高认知率型、中距离-中认知率型、远距离-低认知率型、远距离-高认知率型.不同结合型式中距离对认知率的影响因结合型式而异.第三,北京城市空间的认知曲线存在双峰,一峰表现为近距离、高认知率特征,具体位置随认知地点而异;另一峰表现为远距离、高认知率特征,主要是城市中心区认知地点.     

雅鲁藏布江流域植被格局与NDVI分布的空间响应

雅鲁藏布江流域海拔高差约达7 000 m,气候条件复杂、生态系统类型多样,植被格局空间变化显著.笔者基于1:100万植被类型图、SPOT_VEGETATION NDVI数据集和数字高程模型(DEM),综合运用GIS空间分析技术,提取与定量分析了流域主要植被类型、空间分布特征,并结合海拔梯度、气候条件变化探讨了流域植被格局与NDVI空间变化的耦合关系.结果表明:(1) 雅鲁藏布江流域植被类型包括针叶林、阔叶林、灌丛、荒漠、草原、草丛、草甸、高山植被等11个植被型组,21个植被型,其中米林宽谷的植被型最多,自下游至上游的山南宽谷、日喀则宽谷及马泉河宽谷随着海拔梯度的变化,植被类型多样性总体呈下降趋势.(2) 随着海拔的增加,植被型组和植被型的个数均呈先增大后减小的趋势,以海拔3000～4 000 m和4 000～5 000 m最多,流域植被格局的垂直地带性显著.(3) 流域植被格局与NDVI变化表现出较好的空间一致性.针叶林、阔叶林和草丛等3个植被型组的NDVI值均以10-12月最大,其余8个植被型组的NDVI值均以7-9月最大、1-3月最小.海拔3 000 m是流域尺度植被格局变化的一个转折点.     

区域景观破碎化的多尺度空间变异研究——以贵州省乌江流域为例

有效揭示景观格局及其空间变异特征是研究景观功能和动态的基础。选择贵州省乌江流域为案例区,基于土地利用分类数据,采用GIS、景观格局分析和地统计学软件,探讨了该区景观破碎化的空间格局、变异特征及其尺度依存性。结果表明:景观破碎化空间变异与研究幅度呈现非常明显的幂率关系,且具有4 590 m的特征尺度。景观破碎化呈现一定的空间分布格局。结构性因素引起的空间变异起主要作用,参数呈现显著的空间自相关,数据序列较复杂。东北-西南方向和东-西方向上的分形维数较大,空间自相关距离较短。     

从事旅游业者对旅游影响认知水平的测量

本文以芦芽山自然保护区为例,采用TWINSPAN和DCA对从事旅游业者对旅游影响程度的认知水平进行了分析。结果表明: (1)TWINSPAN是一种较好的数量分类方法,将32个样本分为成熟积极型、非成熟积极型、退却型和冷漠型4组; (2)DCA第一轴主要反映了样本的性别和收入特征,第二轴反映了样本的受教育程度; (3)优势因子的分布格局在很大程度上决定着样本类型的分布格局; (4)TWINSPAN分类的结果与DCA排序的结果基本一致,具有良好的可比性。它们都客观地反映出从事旅游业者对旅游影响认知水平的生态关系。     

五台山冰缘地貌植物群落的数量分类与排序

在野外样方调查的基础上,采用双向指示种分析法(TWINSPAN)和除趋势对应分析法(DCA)对五台山冰缘地貌植被进行了数量分类和排序研究,将五台山冰缘地貌植被分为13个群丛,13个群丛是不同冰缘地貌生态景观的重要组成要素,各群丛的群落学特征与冰缘地貌生境有密切的生态关系。DCA样方排序结果和种排序结果表明,五台山冰缘地貌植物群落分布格局是土壤、水分、热量等综合环境因子决定的。而不同冰缘地貌上植物群丛优势种的分布格局在很大程度上决定着植物群丛类型的分布格局,反映出植物群落类型和物种分布随冰缘地貌类型及环境梯度变化的趋势。     

山西省宗教景观空间格局研究

本文立足于宗教地理学的基本理论,以山西省 925 个“宗教景观”为研究对象,通过谷歌地球（GoogolEarth）及百度地图定位各个宗教景观的地理坐标。运用Arcgis10.3空间分析法、水文分析法进行可视化表达,分析山西宗教景观的空间分布格局及其影响因素。取得了较为理想的研究成果：山西宗教景观分布类型为集聚型,但存在较为明显的空间差异,形成“大分散、小集聚”式的空间分异模式;市域分布不均衡,呈现集中于以太原、长治、忻州、临汾市为依托的周边地区格局;高程空间格局具有高值集聚特征,且46%的宗教景观海拔高度<1000m;宗教景观分布具有倾向城市格局;从宗教景观格局影响因素看,其分布受总体地形控制海拔高程影响宗教集聚与分散程度,悠久的历史文化传承也是不可忽视的因素,人口分布状况影响宗教景观数量。     

漓江流域旅游开发对景观格局干扰的时空分异

旅游开发对景观格局的影响是旅游干扰的重要体现,景观结构变异程度则是反映景观格局变化的重要指标。选择桂林市旅游发展的核心区漓江流域,基于自然地理数据、社会经济统计数据和土地利用/覆被数据,运用GIS空间建模等技术,采用景观变异系数分析方法对主要人为干扰源进行了量化识别,确定了居民点、景点及道路三类干扰源的显著影响范围,对比分析了不同干扰源对景观结构变异的剧烈程度;探讨了1989—2000年和2000—2010年两个旅游开发阶段的景点干扰强度动态变化,分析了景点干扰与海拔、坡度和GDP的空间特征。结果表明:1.旅游开发已经成为漓江流域重要的人为干扰源,对景观格局产生了直接的影响,干扰强度因景点数量、规模及类型而异;2.旅游景点干扰表现出显著的空间分异特征,受流域自然环境和社会经济条件的制约,部分区域因其景点配置的特点呈现出特殊性;3.漓江流域景点干扰的重点区域主要有两种类型,旅游开发需从干扰的特征出发,探寻适宜的旅游发展模式,以实现流域生态系统的适应性管理。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.     

REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE

Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System) . H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Guidelines to Authors

1. Aims and scope
Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions （SCAR） is a bimonthly journal that publishes in English the latest research achievements in processes and the pattems of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions. Researches in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,