Acquisition of Directional Parameters in Aerial Images Based on DEM Data

This paper develops a method which can be used to assist aerial navigation by determining the spatial position and posture of the aerial photographic plane. After the method, aerial images match known DEM to capture the spatial position and posture. Some aerial images and terrain data are used to testify our method. Compared with those of analytic and stereo mappers, the results by our method are correspondent to real measurements well.     

Research on auto-classification method of remote sensing images in mountainous areas—An application in Southwest of China

In mountainous areas, it is the undulant terrain, various types of geomorphic and land use that make the remote sensing images great metamorphism. Moreover, due to the elevation, there are many areas covered with shadow, clouds and snow that make the images more inaccurate. As a result, it would be very difficult to carry out auto-classification of RS images in these areas. The study took Southwest China as the case study area and the TM images, SPOT images as the basic information sources assisted by the auxiliary data of DEM, NDVI, topographical maps and soil maps to preprocess the images. After preprocessing by topographic correction and wiping off clouds, snow and shadows, all the image data were stacked together to form the images to be classified. Then, the research used segmentation technology and hierarchical method to extract the main types of land use in the area automatically. The results indicated that the qualitative accuracies of all types of land use extracted in Southwest China were above 90 percent, and the quantitative accuracies was above 86 percent. The goal of reducing workloads had been realized. Supported by the National Public Welfare Project on Environmental Protection (2007KYYW21), the Program of National Science and Technology research( 2006BAC01A01-05).     

Effects of vegetation cover on summer climate in China during 1982–2001

In this paper, we apply lagged correlation analysis to study the effects of vegetation cover on the summer climate in different zones of China, using NOAA/AVHRR normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data during the time period from 1982 to 2001 and climate data of 365 meteorological stations across China (precipitation from 1982 to 2001 and temperature from 1982 to 1998). The results show that there are positive correlations between spring NDVI and summer climate (temperature and precipitation) in most zones of China; these suggest that, when the vegetation cover increases, the summer precipitation will increase, and the lagged correlations show a significant difference between zones. The stronger correlations between NDVI in previous season and summer climate occur in three zones (Mid-temperate zone, Warm-temperate zone and Plateau climate zone), and this implies that vegetation changes have more sensitive feedback effects on climate in the three zones in China. Supported by the National 973 Program of China (No.2006CB701300), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40721001), the Sino-Germany Joint Project (No. 2006DFB91920), the Open Fund of Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (T0102) and the Open Fund of LIESMARS, Wuhan University.     

Effects of vegetation cover on summer climate in China during 1982–2001

In this paper, we apply lagged correlation analysis to study the effects of vegetation cover on the summer climate in different zones of China, using NOAA/AVHRR normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data during the time period from 1982 to 2001 and climate data of 365 meteorological stations across China (precipitation from 1982 to 2001 and temperature from 1982 to 1998). The results show that there are positive correlations between spring NDVI and summer climate (temperature and precipitation) in most zones of China; these suggest that, when the vegetation cover increases, the summer precipitation will increase, and the lagged correlations show a significant difference between zones. The stronger correlations between NDVI in previous season and summer climate occur in three zones (Mid-temperate zone, Warm-temperate zone and Plateau climate zone), and this implies that vegetation changes have more sensitive feedback effects on climate in the three zones in China.     

Experiment on Driving Precipitable Water Vapor from Ground-Based GPS Network in Chengdu Plain

The estimates of total zenith delay are derived using Bernese GPS Software V4. 2 based on GPS data every 30 s from the first measurement experiment of a ground-based GPS network in Chengdu Plain of Southwest China during the period from July to September 2004. Then the estimates of 0.5 hourly precipitable water vapor (PWV) derived from global positioning system (GPS) are obtained using meteorological data from automatic weather stations (AWS). The comparison of PWV derived from GPS and those from radiosonde observations is given for the Chengdu station, with RMS (root mean square) differences of 3.09m. The consis- tency of precipitable water vapor derived from GPS to those from radiosonde is good. It is concluded that Bevis’ empirical formula for estimating the weighted atmospheric mean temperature can be applicable in Chengdu area because the relationship of GPS PWV with Bevis’ formula and GPS PWV with radiosonde method shows a high correlation. The result of this GPS measurement experiment is helpful both for accumu- lating the study of precipitable water vapor derived from GPS in Chengdu areas located at the eastern side of the Tibetan Plateau and for studying spatial-temporal variations of regional atmospheric water vapor through many disciplines cooperatively.     

Prospect on Present-Day Crustal Kinematics and Dynamics Research in Sichuan-Yunnan Area with Geodetic Data

Combining the dense GPS and gravity observation data in Sichuan-Yunnan area, where there are the relatively complete active tectonic zones and seismic data, this paper applies the geodesy and geophysical inversion technique and the advanced numerical simulation to the synthesis study of geodesy inversion to find the dynamic process of tectonic movement and deformation in the area and finally to investigate the kinematics characteristic of the geological structure of different layer and different scale. This paper discusses the kinematics, dynamics model about the crustal movement of active blocks in Sichuan-Yunnan area and its adjacent areas.     

Constrained Edge Dynamic Deleting in CD-TIN Based on Influence Domain Retriangulation of Virtual Point

Constrained Delaunay triangulated irregular network is one kind of dynamic data structures used in geosciences. The research on point and edges insertion in CD-TIN is the basis of its application. Comparing with the algorithms of points and constrained edge insertion, there are very a few researches on constrained edge deletion in CD-TIN. Based on the analysis of the polymorphism of constrained edge, virtual points are used to describe the intersection of constrained edges. A new algorithm is presented, called as influence domain retriangulating for virtual point (IDRVP), to delete constrained edges with virtual points. The algorithm is complete in topology. Finally, the algorithm is tested by some applications cases.     

An Incremental LOD Method Based on Grid and Its Application in Distributed Terrain Visualization

Incremental LOD can be transmitted on the network as a stream, then users on the clients can easily catch the skeleton of terrain without downloading all the data from the server. Detailed information in a local part can be added gradually when users zoom it in without redundant data transmission in this procedure .To do this, an incremental LOD method is put forward according to the regular arrangement of grid. This method applies arbitrary sized grid terrains and is not restricted to square ones with a side measuring 2^k 1 samples. Maximum height errors are recorded when the LOD is preprocessed and it can be visualized with the geometrical Mipmaps to reduce the screen error.     

Correction on Effect of Earth’s Oblateness in Inversion of GPS Occultation Data

IntroductionRadio occultation technique was firstly appliedin the astronomic research in the 18th century .It has developed greatly by the scientists in JetPropulsion Laboratory (JPL) and Stanford Uni-versity since the 1960’s and widely usedin manymissions for planets exploration, which providedus with i mportant information about the at mos-phere of these planets[1]. In 1965 , it wasbrought forward by Fischbach that this tech-nique can be used in the research of the Earth’sat mosphere[2…     

Correction on Effect of Earth＇s Oblateness in Inversion of GPS Occultation Data

By using observed CHAMP orbit ephemeredes and MSISE-90 dry air model and regarding the earth as a sphere and an ellipsoid respectively, phase delays are simulated and the simulated data are retrieved under different schemes. The comparison between the inverted temperature profiles and the model temperature profiles shows that by inverting observed data, we will get temperature results with large errors if the effect of Earth＇s oblateness is omitted. The correction method is proved to be effective because the temperature errors decreased obviously with this method.     

Influence of neighbourhood information on ‘Local Climate Zone’ mapping in heterogeneous cities

Local climate zone (LCZ) mapping is an emerging field in urban climate research. LCZs potentially provide an objective framework to assess urban form and function worldwide. The scheme is currently being used to globally map LCZs as a part of the World Urban Database and Access Portal Tools (WUDAPT) initiative. So far, most of the LCZ maps lack proper quantitative assessment, challenging the generic character of the WUDAPT workflow. Using the standard method introduced by the WUDAPT community difficulties arose concerning the built zones due to high levels of heterogeneity. To overcome this problem a contextual classifier is adopted in the mapping process. This paper quantitatively assesses the influence of neighbourhood information on the LCZ mapping result of three cities in Belgium: Antwerp, Brussels and Ghent. Overall accuracies for the maps were respectively 85.7 ± 0.5, 79.6 ± 0.9, 90.2 ± 0.4%. The approach presented here results in overall accuracies of 93.6 ± 0.2, 92.6 ± 0.3 and 95.6 ± 0.3% for Antwerp, Brussels and Ghent. The results thus indicate a positive influence of neighbourhood information for all study areas with an increase in overall accuracies of 7.9, 13.0 and 5.4%. This paper reaches two main conclusions. Firstly, evidence was introduced on the relevance of a quantitative accuracy assessment in LCZ mapping, showing that the accuracies reported in previous papers are not easily achieved. Secondly, the method presented in this paper proves to be highly effective in Belgian cities, and given its open character shows promise for application in other heterogeneous cities worldwide.     

Correction on effect of Earth’s oblateness in inversion of GPS occultation data

By using observed CHAMP orbit ephemeredes and MSISE-90 dry air model and regarding the earth as a sphere and an ellipsoid respectively, phase delays are simulated and the simulated data are retrieved under different schemes. The comparison between the inverted temperature profiles and the model temperature profiles shows that by inverting observed data, we will get temperature results with large errors if the effect of Earth’s oblateness is omitted. The correction method is proved to be effective because the temperature errors decreased obviously with this method.     

Seminar on the Wang Zhizhuo''''s Aeademie Thinking and Digital Photogrammetry will be Held in Wuhan

Seminar on the Wang Zhizhuo's academic thinking and digital photogrammetry organized by the Wuhan Technical University of Surveying and Mapping(WTUSM)and Commission of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Chinese Society of Surveying and Mapping(CSSM)and will be held in Wuhan, Dec. 11—17, 1988, just on the 80th     

Call for Papers-the Eighth International Symposium on Spatial Accuracy Assessment in Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences

The International Symposia on Spatial Accuracy Assessment in Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences have been held at various locations since 1994. This series of biannual symposia is organized by the International Spatial Accuracy Research Association and focuses on uncertainty in spatial information, analysis, and applications emphasizng natural resources and the environment.[第一段]     

Improving a Penman–Monteith evapotranspiration model by incorporating soil moisture control on soil evaporation in semiarid areas

Penman–Monteith (PM) theory has been successfully applied to calculate land surface evapotranspiration (ET) for regional and global scales. However, soil surface resistance, related to soil moisture, is always difficult to determine over a large region, especially in arid or semiarid areas. In this study, we developed an ET estimation algorithm by incorporating soil moisture control, a soil moisture index (SMI) derived from the surface temperature and vegetation index space. We denoted this ET algorithm as the PM-SMI. The PM-SMI algorithm was compared with several other algorithms that calculated soil evaporation using relative humidity, and validated with Bowen ratio measurements at seven sites in the Southern Great Plain (SGP) that were covered by grassland and cropland with low vegetation cover, as well as at three eddy covariance sites from AmeriFlux covered by forest with high vegetation cover. The results show that in comparison with the other methods examined, the PM-SMI algorithm significantly improved the daily ET estimates at SGP sites with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.91 mm/d, bias of 0.33 mm/d, and R² of 0.77. For three forest sites, the PM-SMI ET estimates are closer to the ET measurements during the non-growing season when compared with the other three algorithms. At all the 10 validation sites, the PM-SMI algorithm performed the best. PM-SMI 8-day ET estimates were also compared with MODIS 8-day ET products (MOD16A2), and the latter showed negligible bias at SGP sites. In contrast, most of the PM-SMI 8-day ET estimates are around the 1:1 line.     

Star and polyline glyphs in a grid plot and on a map display: which perform better?

Glyphs are small geometric shapes that in geovisualization are often used to represent multidimensional spatial data. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of their two types – star and polyline glyphs, as they can encode the same message and can provide similar functionality. Thus, if the two glyph types are similar and can be used for the same data, the question arises as to which of them better facilitates various user tasks. To address this question, an empirical study of 26 individual users is conducted to investigate differences in user performance for polyline and star glyphs shown either in a grid plot or on a map display. In this study, a task-based approach with eye-tracking is applied, as well as a subjective questionnaire and a psychological test of cognitive style. The finding is that polyline glyphs better facilitate tasks when datapoint values in glyphs are to be read, whereas star glyphs are better when a visual search among glyphs is to be done. Moreover, the results reveal that the map display works better than the grid plot. If star glyphs are to be used, the key (legend) needs to be better incorporated into a visual interface.     

Spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of residential land prices based on the 2010–2019 land transfer data in China

Studying spatial-temporal change in residential land prices (RLP) can help implement real estate regulations to promote the healthy development of the residential land market. This study applied the urban scaling law to explore the spatial-temporal pattern of RLP from 2010 to 2019 in China. We found rapid growth in RLP across China from 2010 to 2019, with a growth rate of 179.12%. Among them, the Eastern Region had the highest RLP and growth rates. Furthermore, differences in RLP between large cities and small-medium cities widened, indicating a trend of the Matthew effect in prefecture-level cities. Moreover, the scale-adjusted metropolitan indicator (SAMI) indicated urban agglomerations including Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH), Yangtze River Delta (YRD), Guangdong-Fujian-Zhejiang Coastal (GFZ), and Pearl River Delta (PRD) located in the Eastern Region had higher RLP than urban agglomerations with the same population size. In addition, the SAMI also highlighted disproportionately high RLP in some small-medium cities compared to equivalent cities, warranting regulatory policy attention.