东海陆架SFK 1孔微量元素地球化学特征与物源意义

为研究东海陆架微量元素地球化学信息对于地层划分与物源分析的指示意义,对东海陆架西湖凹陷区SFK 1孔沉积物作了微量元素地球化学分析和物源判别。根据微量元素含量及比值的变化,可将SFK 1孔(孔深82.90 m)岩心划分为8层,它们分别反映了末次间冰期(暖期)晚期以来东海海面波动以及沉积物物源的变化。运用因子分析、U /Th与( Zr + Hf) /(Al2O3 + TiO2 )和Th/Co与TiO2/Zr的散点图等方法分析了SFK 1孔沉积物的物质来源,结果显示该孔沉积物主要来源于长江,黄河物质对该孔中部沉积物有较明显影响。不同指标散点图研究表明,在沉积物物质来源不变的情况下,气候和沉积环境的变化对该区域沉积物化学元素组成进行的改造和再分配影响不大。     

江汉盆地沉积物微量元素特征与长江上游水系拓展

江汉盆地是长江出三峡后第一个大型卸载区,近2.77 Ma以来堆积了近300 m的碎屑沉积物,主要由河流相和湖沼相组成,形成了多个沉积旋回。选择江汉盆地中心位置的ZL钻孔,利用ICP-MS方法,展开微量元素组成分析,研究了新近纪以来江汉盆地沉积物物源的变化。结果表明,上新世以来微量元素化学组成的离散程度逐渐减小,且趋近上部陆壳平均值,可能反映了物源供应区范围的扩展过程。1.25 Ma B.P.以来,多种微量元素含量及Th/Sc、Co/Th、La/Sc、Cr/Cu等比值变化很小,显示长江可能形成于1.25 Ma B.P.以后。     

兖州矿区山西组 3煤层中微量元素的特征分析

通过对兖州矿区山西组3煤层21个样品中全硫、硫化物硫、有机硫和具有环境意义的微量元素Cu、Pb、Zn、As、U、Th含量的测试，分析了微量元素在研究区煤层垂直方向上的变化特征及主要形成原因，并发现煤层中所选的微量元素、硫化物琉及全硫在煤层顶、底或煤层夹矸样品中含量相对较高。微量元素与硫化物硫、全硫的相关系数表明，所研究的微量元素与硫化物硫和全硫有明显的正相关关系，而且研究区3煤层中全硫的含量取决于硫化物硫的含量。同时还研究了原煤中微量元素的含量与灰产率的关系，并将研究区微量元素同世界和中国同类煤中的微量元素的含量进行了比较。     

山东中生代基性脉岩的元素地球化学及其成因

研究区脉岩 SiO2含量变化范围为 48.63%～ 56.02% ,岩性上以煌斑岩、辉绿岩和辉长岩为主 ,以富集轻稀土元素 (LREE)和大离子亲石元素 (LILE)、亏损重稀土元素 (HREE)和高场强元素 (HFSE)为特征.主元素和微量元素研究表明 ,基性脉岩源区存在明显的地壳混染作用和少量富碳酸岩交代作用,该交代作用可能与扬子下地壳物质的参与有关.     

双台河口土壤中Mn、Zn和Rb的变化规律及其原因分析

选取辽宁盘锦双台河口滩涂翅碱蓬生长消亡区的20个土壤样本点,比较其与翅碱蓬生长繁茂区的11种微量元素含量,并对其变化量进行主成分分析,得出双台河口滩涂土壤中含量变化显著的微量元素为Mn、Zn和Rb。通过这3种微量元素含量变化曲线图,可以看出其含量变化趋势大体上是减少的,且距离拦海大坝越近,含量越高,距离拦海大坝越远,含量越低。研究区河口底泥中Mn、Zn和Rb的含量分别占研究区滩涂土壤中的47.6%、64.3%和78.5%,表明了研究区滩涂土壤中3种元素主要是由河口地区的沉积物带来的。河口地区水中的沉积物主要由两部分组成:一部分是由河水携带的泥沙颗粒直接在河口地区沉积形成;另一部分是由河水携带的大量胶体,在入海口处产生胶凝作用形成。     

海伦市土壤主要微量元素空间分布特征

以海伦市研究区1 175件表层(0~20 cm)土壤样品主要微量元素(B、Cu、Mn、Mo、Zn)的实测含量为研究对象,采用地统计学与GIS相结合的方法,对土壤微量元素的含量及空间分布特征进行分析。结果表明:研究区表层土壤中B和Mo含量较缺乏;Mn和Mo的块金效应大于75%,空间自相关性弱,B、Cu和Zn块金效应在25%~75%之间,属于中等空间相关,空间变异主要受到自然因素影响;B和Cu的空间分布相似,由中心向四周逐渐减少,Mn和Mo含量呈明显带状分布,Zn含量北部高于南部。微量元素之间既存在着共生关系,也可能存在拮抗关系。土壤有机质含量、成土母质、土壤类型和土地利用对微量元素均有不同程度的影响。     

塔里木盆地志留系柯坪塔格组砂岩岩石学特征与物源分析

通过对塔里木盆地志留系柯坪塔格组砂岩的碎屑矿物含量与氧化物、微量元素变化规律分析,研究该地区砂岩的岩石学及其物源特征。研究结果表明塔里木盆地志留系柯坪塔格组构造环境为活动大陆边缘和被动大陆边缘,物源区主要为再循环造山带。砂岩成分主要在石英、钾长石、斜长石、伊利石和绿泥石等矿物之间变化。化学风化作用指标(CIW)和化学蚀变作用指标(CIA)反映了该地区砂岩受到了强烈的风化作用,风化作用强度为:塔中地区砂岩>塔北地区砂岩>满东地区砂岩。化学组分变化指标(ICV)反映有些砂岩中含有第一次旋回沉积物。A-CN-K三角图反映了砂岩的母岩中斜长石含量要高于钾长石含量,在花岗闪长岩和花岗岩之间变化,砂岩在风化过程中受到了钾的交代作用,长石以及长石中的高岭石发生了伊利石化。微量元素及其特征参数(如La/Yb-ΣREE、δEu等)也反映了该地区砂岩来源于花岗岩物源区。     

高温熔融研制岩石标准玻璃方法初步研究:以玄武岩为例

探索了利用高温炉合成玄武岩玻璃制作原位微区主微量元素含量分析的标准物质的实验条件.选取玄武岩标准物质GBW07105(GSR-3)进行高温熔融、淬火实验研究,获得玄武岩玻璃,为合成其他地质样品微区分析标准参考物质的研制提供了参考方法.用激光剥蚀-四极杆等离子体质谱(LA-Q-ICPMS)对样品微区46个主元素和微量元素...     

崖南凹陷Y1井崖城组泥岩微量元素特征及地质意义

为研究崖南凹陷崖城组泥岩微量元素分布特征及其地质意义,采用ICP-MS对Y1井13个泥岩样品进行微量元素分 析,研究表明：（1） 泥岩微量元素中大多数亲陆性元素表现为富集,部分亲海性元素富集,指示了海陆过渡环境,沉积旋 回的周期性发育在微量元素方面留下了证据,表现为U、Th、Ba、Sr等微量元素含量相关参数在垂向上存在的显著变化, 界线较明显,识别出了海侵面及暴露不整合面;（2） 利用Sr/Cu的比值推测研究区崖城组沉积时期气候温暖潮湿,V/(V+Ni)、 Ni/Co比值指示研究区该时期为贫养环境,而高S含量的出现印证了研究区崖城期海侵事件的存在,渐新世琼东南盆地性质 由断陷转化为坳陷,区域海平面处于上升阶段。     

中太平洋(CP)区全新世沉积环境探讨

笔者利用在中太平洋(CP)区采取的CP9和CP25钻孔柱状样及19个站位的表层沉积物样品,通过对沉积物的成分、类型、古生物化石、常微量元素含量等鉴定测试,从地球化学特征对该区全新世以来沉积物中元素在垂向变化特点及相互之间的亲疏关系进行了详细分析和研究。通过R型因子分析与物源的研究,认为该区沉积物主要受陆源碎屑及生物碎屑沉积的影响较大,晚期火山物质供应比早期要充足,全新世的沉积环境趋于比较稳定。     

末次间冰期以来沙漠－黄土边界带的环境演变

沙漠-黄土边界带地处东亚季风边缘,这一地区的风成沉积即古风成砂-黄土-古土壤序列很好地反映了东亚季风环流的演变历史。末次间冰期的沉积（S1）由三层古土壤和夹于其间的两层黄土组成,可与深海氧同位素阶段5的五个亚阶段（a-e）则很好对比。末次冰期的沉积（L1）由三层古风成砂和夹于其间的两层黄土构成,由此反映了与上述三层古风成砂对应的阶段2、阶段4及阶段3的中期是沙漠-黄土边界带冬季风活动加剧、沙漠扩大的时期。全新世的沉积是由一层草原上（S0）和其上的流沙组成,但这层流沙是在最近两千年来不合理的人类活动和当地特定风场条件的共同作用下形成,已不具备明显的气候指示意义。     

毛乌素沙漠东南缘全新世剖面光释光年代及古气候意义

在毛乌素沙漠东南缘锦界地区发现的具有3层深棕色至黑色古土壤的全新世剖面,记录了至少3次大型沙地固定与活化的交替演化.在锦界剖面厚约5m的全新世地层中采集了10个光释光样品,利用石英光释光测年单片再生法(SAR),建立了锦界剖面全新世(>7.5-0.2ka)年代格架.结合粒度、磁化率气候变化代用指标和光释光年龄序列,得到...     

A DEEP SEISMIC REFLECTION PROFILE ACROSS ALTUN FAULT BELT

A DEEP SEISMIC REFLECTION PROFILE ACROSS ALTUN FAULT BELTtheNationalkeyfoundationresearchanddevelopmentplanfund(G19980 40 80 0 )     

Soil CO2 concentration in biological soil crusts and its driving factors in a revegetated area of the Tengger Desert,Northern China

Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are an important cover in arid desert landscapes, and have a profound effect on the CO₂ exchange in the desert system. Although a large number of studies have focused on the CO₂ flux at the soil–air interface, relatively few studies have examined the soil CO₂ concentration in individual layers of the soil profile. In this study, the spatiotemporal dynamics of CO₂ concentration throughout the soil profile under two typical BSCs (algae crusts and moss crusts) and its driving factors were examined in a revegetated sandy area of the Tengger Desert from Mar 2010 to Oct 2012. Our results showed that the mean values of the vertical soil CO₂ concentrations under algal crusts and moss crusts were 600–1,200 μmol/mol at the 0–40 cm soil profiles and increased linearly with soil depth. Daily CO₂ concentrations showed a single-peak curve and often had a 1–2 h time delay after the maximum soil temperature. During the rainy season, the mean soil CO₂ concentration profile was 1,200–2,000 μmol/mol, which was 2–5 times higher as compared to the dry season (400–800 μmol/mol). Annually, soil moisture content was the key limiting factor of the soil CO₂ concentration, but at the daily time scale, soil temperature was the main limiting factor. Combined with infiltration depth of crusted soils, we predicted that precipitation of 10–15 mm was the most effective driving factor in arid desert regions.     

Studying surface properties of desert pavements and their relation to soil properties and plant growth in Hajaligholi playa,Iran

As we know, desert pavement is a superficial feature from wind erosion widespread throughout arid lands and plays a dynamic role in geomorphic, hydrologic, and ecologic processes. In these regions, the plant cover is low or inexistent. Desert pavement is usually covered with large, small, and angular stones. Spatial distribution of stones at the surface is reflecting rainfall distribution at the land surface. Our objective in this study was to determine the relationship between the surface physical characteristics of desert pavement (meter scale), water movement, subsoil, and plant cover. The density and type of cover in land surface are also investigated. For this purpose, two different areas (Hajaligholi playa, Damghan) with different geology were selected. In each region, profiles were dogged. In site one, six different profiles were dogged, and each profile samples in different horizons (0–10, 10–20, 20–30, 30–40, and 40–50 cm) were being taken. In site two, three profiles were dogged, and the same horizon samples were being taken. The type and density of vegetation were determined. Finally, two sites were being compared. The results showed that strong relationship is between the stone cover, soil genesis, and plant distribution. Physicochemical properties (particle sorting, stones rates, electrical conductivity, pH, and gypsum) highly depend on the upland geological characteristics of the region. Also, soil structure and salt concentration have strong relationship with stone component. The distribution and density of vegetation show strong linkage with these properties. Also, in sites with desert pavements and dense plant cover, soils are protected and, thus, reduce desertification (loss fertile soils).     

Estimation of viscoelastic attenuation of real seismic data by use of ray tracing software: Application to the detection of gas hydrates and free gas

Analysis of P wave velocity profiles and seismic data recorded over the 2002 Hydratech cruise conducted in the Storegga region, North of Norway, has shown the existence of anomalies (a velocity decrease) in some layers of the medium. An elastic propagation model is not sufficient to explain clearly these anomalies, since the viscoelastic attenuation, represented by the quality factor Q_P, is sensitive to physical phenomena of geological media. The combination of the quality factor profile with the velocity profile leads to realistic explanations of these anomalies. In this article, we explain the procedure which we developed for determining the Q_P profile from the P wave velocity profile and the seismic data recorded during Hydratech cruise. Both the Q_P and velocity profiles indicate anomalies in the same layers. Based on previous studies, we interpret that these anomalies are being due to existence of gas hydrates and free gas within these layers.     

阿勒泰地区表土磁学特性及变化机制研究

现代表土的磁学性质反映了物源、成土过程与气候环境之间的重要信息,对认识磁学参数在气候环境研究中的应用有重要意义。干旱区表土的磁学特性表现出极大的复杂性和差异性,为了理解不同气候和环境条件下表土磁学参数的特性、变化机制及控制因素,选择位于新疆北部阿勒泰地区不同景观带的表土样品作为研究对象。通过详细系统的环境磁学分析,并结合X衍射和粒度等方法,结果表明磁性矿物来源相对稳定,磁学性质主要由来自源区的粗颗粒软磁性矿物所主导,Xlf(低频磁化率)和SIRM(饱和等温剩磁)与磁性颗粒表现出正相关的关系,磁性矿物浓度越大,磁畴颗粒越粗; 反之,浓度越低,颗粒越细。磁性矿物的浓度和颗粒大小在不同景观带表现出一定的差异,荒漠带表土中磁性矿物的浓度较高,磁畴主要为粗颗粒的PSD(准单畴)+MD(多畴),而其他景观带(森林、灌丛、草原和湿地)矿物浓度明显较低,磁畴也相对较细。相比较,其他景观带表土受后期改造作用比荒漠区强,主要是由于在海拔升高到1300m之后,区域气候环境因素(如气温、降水以及蒸发)发生明显变化,导致强磁性矿物的破坏,土壤矿物浓度和粒径发生变化,磁性降低。成壤作用形成的SP(超顺磁畴)颗粒相对较少。     

大直径顶管穿越沙漠深部护壁浆液体系研究与应用

大直径顶管穿越沙漠深部顶进阻力大、地层稳定性差、易垮塌、冒顶、护壁困难,砂层多夹有最大直径达4 cm的圆砾,管道最大埋深达50 m,国内外尚无顶管护壁浆液能有效稳定深部砂层降低顶进阻力。本文提出粘土-CMC聚合物浆液用作沙漠深部大直径顶管护壁,探讨浆液护壁及渗透机理,研究浆液性能随材料加量变化的关系,重点分析流变性、失水造壁性、润滑性的变化规律,得出浆液最优化配比。工程应用表明,该护壁浆液能有效稳定砂层,保护隧洞,降低顶进阻力,大直径顶管成功穿越沙漠深部,最大轴线偏差未超过50 mm,顶力未出现急速增长。     

中国北方草原区捕捉器样品与表土样品花粉组合及其与植被和气候的关系

中国北方草原区捕捉器样品与表土样品中的花粉组合对比研究表明,两种取样方法获得的花粉组合相似性较好,乔木花粉含量多低于10％〖KG-*5〗, 灌木花粉含量多低于5％〖KG-*5〗,草本花粉含量多高于75％;共有的花粉种类占总花粉种类数的743％;蒿属和藜科是花粉组合的最主要成分;荒漠草原区常见麻黄和白刺花粉,典型草原区多为狼毒和莎草科花粉。花粉组合与气候关系的DCCA（降趋典型对应分析）分析结果显示,花粉组合与最冷月温度的相关性最显著,其次为年降水量。捕捉器样品与表土样品中的花粉组成也存在一定差异,表现为前者较后者出现更多的花粉类型,前者的蒿属、藜科花粉含量低于70％〖KG-*5〗,后者的则高于70％。荒漠草原区花粉通量低于典型草原区,反映典型草原区植被较荒漠草原区发育,花粉产量高于荒漠草原区。典型草原区表土花粉浓度也明显高于荒漠草原区（高一数量级）,除典型草原区植被发育、花粉产量高的原因外,荒漠草原区不利于花粉保存,也是造成花粉浓度低的另一个重要原因。花粉组合判别分析表明,捕捉器样品和表土样品均能较好地区分出荒漠草原与典型草原,但捕捉器样品交叉检验结果好于表土样品。     

Distribution of arsenic in sediment of Hangjinhou Banner- Linhe transect in Hetao Basin,North China

In this research, we laid a Hangjinhou Banner-Linhe District drilling transect along western piedmont of Hetao Basin to the modern Yellow River, which passes through the Langshan Mountain piedmont alluvial-proluvial fan, the Yellow River paleochannel, alluvial-fluvial plain of the Yellow River and the modern Yellow River flood plain successively and based on which we collected sedimentary samples of different geomorphic units. Based on hydrogeology and sedimentology and by means of stratum tracing and transects comparison, the analysis result comes out that the arsenic (As) sediments in Hetao Basin is distributed in obvious zoning form and is closely related to the sedimentary environment. The paleochannel zone in northern Basin has the highest content of As sediments, average content reaching 12.24 μg/g. In the horizontal direction of the profile, the distribution regularity of As is consistent to that of elements like Mn, Fe, Al and TOC, since they have experienced the same geochemical process in sediments. In the vertical direction, the high-arsenic sediments are mainly formed of grey black silty-fine sand layers or interbedding layers of silty-fine sand and muddy clay, rich in organic matter. The sedimentary environments are mainly shallow lakes and depressions, where the content of As is related to that of elements like Sb, Mn, B, V, etc., and particularly has significant relation with Fe.