基于能量法的大直径超长钢管桩溜桩问题分析

海洋桩平台采用大直径超长桩,由于桩、锤的重量很大,沉桩过程中经常发生溜桩现象。因此为了便于打桩控制,判断溜桩的范围是非常必要的。结合实际工程对溜桩的过程和发生机理进行了探讨;利用PCPT原位测量资料,基于能量法建立了判断溜桩范围的分析计算方法。针对南海油田典型的平台桩沉桩过程中的溜桩问题进行了分析计算,验证了所提出的方法的合理性,可供桩设计以及沉桩施工参考。     

海上风电支腿船单桩沉桩技术

目前我国海上风电开发已经进入了规模化、商业化的发展阶段,海上风电的建设呈现由近海到远海,由浅水到深水的趋势。在响水、东台海上风电场中,均采用稳桩平台定位、起重船吊打工艺。文章结合某海上风电工程深水条件下大直径单桩沉桩施工情况,介绍自带定位抱桩器的1000t支腿起重船沉桩施工技术。     

厦门及临近地区桩式码头工程的若干地质问题

由于复杂的区域地质背景,使得本区存在着一些不利于桩式码头设计和施工的地质因素,如基岩民裂、工区内不同岩性相互交错、孤石和滚石等。本文总结了本区桩式码头工程地质勘察经验,对其存在的一些问题进行探讨,并对提高区域地质复杂地区桩式码头地质勘察的准确性提出一些看法。     

渤海湾海上风电场大规模超长钢管桩沉桩技术与控制

随着海上风电的蓬勃发展,如何提高沉桩质量与施工工效是需要研究的问题。唐山乐亭菩提岛海上风电场300MW 示范工程作为渤海湾第一个海上风电场,施工前期通过对渤海湾水文、地质分析,对沉桩相关设备、施工流程、施工质量控制点等的分析,克服了水深、涌浪大、地质条件差、钢管桩长等难点,确保了15个承台共120根钢管桩的沉桩进度与质量,得到了业主的好评。文章总结优化了渤海湾海上风电场沉桩相关技术与控制难点,为后续渤海湾海上风电场沉桩施工提供了重要施工经验与保障。     

考虑桩土相互作用的高桩码头体系等效阻尼比及Pushover分析

为考虑桩土相互作用的高桩码头体系等效阻尼比,将地震作用下高桩码头的滞回耗能定义为各桩塑性铰耗能和桩-土相互作用耗能之和,桩-土相互作用耗能根据p-y曲线和Masing准则定义的滞回环确定,码头结构的塑性铰总耗能为各桩塑性铰耗能的总和,按照正弦激励下一个振动循环内高桩码头体系与相应单自由度体系粘滞耗能相等的原则,推导得到了高桩码头体系等效阻尼比计算公式,并对两个高桩码头进行了Pushover分析。分析表明,土体耗能对高桩码头体系阻尼贡献较大,根据码头各桩塑性铰出现顺序和转动情况计算码头的等效阻尼比更符合实际情况。     

潮间带钢管斜桩吊打导向装置与沉桩参数研究

钢管斜桩是潮间带风电的常用基础形式,常采用吊打沉桩的方式。文章针对潮间带吊打沉桩方式的难点开发吊打导向装置,并总结沉桩参数的确定方法。该导向装置包括定位桩、定位架和调向限位架,总体平面布局为六边形,可一次定位并完成整个风电基础的基桩施工,既能可靠保证桩的施工精度,又能极大地提高施工效率和降低安全风险;在应用该施工关键装备时,采用GRLWEAP打桩分析功能确定桩顶动荷载,采用有限元软件建立导向装置有限元模型,对导向装置和沉桩参数进行分析,从而实现斜桩顺利沉桩的目的。该装置和方法已成功应用于越南朔庄一期海上风电场项目,为潮间带风电钢管斜桩吊打施工提供沉桩装备和方法经验。     

海上风机超大直径单桩竖向抗压承载力理论计算及实测方法对比评价

超大直径单桩基础在应用过程中,存在钢管桩沉桩的选锤、防溜桩等关键问题.为解决以上问题,研究超大直径单桩的竖向抗压承载力是有必要的.分别利用《码头结构设计规范》规定的设计做法、圆孔扩张理论法、UWA-05方法、GRLWEAP模型方法对超大直径钢管桩的竖向抗压承载力进行了分析计算并结合工程实例进行比较,发现现行规范规定的钢管桩承载力计算公式对于超大直径钢管桩承载力的估计偏于保守,高应变检测法对于超大直径单桩基础承载力的评估同样偏于保守.     

板桩码头钢管桩沉桩的施工工艺及质量控制要点

在钢管桩沉桩施工中,控制好钢管桩的定位、标高以及贯入度,是钢管桩施工中的质量控制要点,钢管桩沉桩完成后进行接桩、截桩及钢管桩的防腐修补施工。根据钢管桩沉桩的质量控制要点,在钢管桩施工中,要做好施工测量控制,确保沉桩位置的准确以及打桩的垂直度,保证沉桩的贯入度能够满足地基承载力的要求;同时要做好船机的调配工作,保证钢管桩沉桩施工的顺利进行。     

板桩码头在黄河油港的实践

介绍了建筑黄河油港,采用板桩结构码头设计工艺和施工技术,码头建成投产至今,经历了百扯遇强台风考验,为在淤泥质开敞海底建设板桩码头取得了成功经验。     

舟山地区码头工程锤击沉桩滑坡分析

本文通过两个工程实例,对舟山地区码头工程因锤击沉桩引起滑坡事故的原因和机理进行分析。并提出预防办法。     

湛江某海上风电桩基局部冲刷特征研究

海上风电场桩基局部冲刷是工程设计与运行阶段的重要参数之一。基于湛江某海上风电场桩基3次现场局部冲刷实测数据,进行冲刷坑最大深度、冲刷坑半径和冲淤变化特征的分析与研究;根据桩基局部冲刷经验公式,采用工程海域实测海洋水文动力学数据进行最大冲刷深度与冲刷半径的计算,并进行公式计算值的对比与分 析。结果表明:桩基础在防冲刷设施的保护下,3次实测最大冲刷深度基本稳定为4.0 m,最大冲刷深度与桩径之比为0.57。而经验公式的最大冲刷深度与桩径之比均超过了1.1,说明桩基防冲刷设施取得了一定的效果,冲刷坑半径的计算值与现场实测值吻合较好。建议海上风电场在运行阶段进一步加强桩基冲刷坑监测与防护。     

复合载体夯扩桩技术在青岛地区的应用

详细介绍了复合载体夯扩桩的构造、承载机制、设计和施工程序，总结了它的优点和适用范围，并用青岛地区的应用实例说明其桩基计算方法和基桩检测试验结果。应用结果表明，此技术在青岛地区有广泛的应用前景。     

广州港新沙港区板桩码头结构设计方案比选分析

介绍了广州港新沙港区板桩码头主要内力计算方法及常用软件,结合设计过程、工程地质情况、现场实际施工情况,着重从受力合理性、施工便利性、节省造价方面,对提出的钢板桩方案、钢管板桩方案进行比较分析,确定了钢管板桩结构更合理,并对优势进行总结。研究表明相对于钢板桩结构,钢管板桩结构在抗弯、抗变形、拉杆拉力和锚碇墙稳定性、对复杂地基(软弱土层较厚、岩层标高较高的地基)适应性、兼顾桩基基础、施工速度等方面更具备优势,且钢管板桩结构可更好的适应码头的大型化和深水化发展,在类似工程设计中可优先采用钢管板桩结构。     

水工工程CDM体的陆上施工

以青岛某水工工程为例,介绍了在海中施工CDM桩护岸的主要施工技术和施工方法。工程采用了CDM桩的海中支架设计,介绍了CDM桩块体机具选择,CDM桩配合比设计及最终CDM块体的成桩咬合布置、水下CDM成桩主要施工技术参数和工艺。为以后类似CDM桩施工提供借签。     

Structural stability of detached low crested breakwaters

The aim of the paper is to describe hydraulic stability of rock-armoured low-crested structures on the basis of new experimental tests and prototype observations.Rock armour stability results from earlier model tests under non-depth-limited long-crested head-on waves are reviewed.Results from new 2-D and 3-D model tests, carried out at Aalborg University, are presented. The tests were performed on detached low-crested breakwaters exposed to short-crested head-on and oblique waves, including depth-limited conditions. A formula that corresponds to initiation of hydraulic damage and allows determining armour stone size in shallow water conditions is given together with a rule of thumb for the required stone size in depth-limited design waves.Rock toe stability is discussed on the basis of prototype experience, hard bottom 2-D tests in depth-limited waves and an existing hydraulic stability formula. Toe damage predicted by the formula is in agreement with experimental results. In field sites, damage at the toe induced by scour or by sinking is observed and the volume of the berm is often insufficient to avoid regressive erosion of the armour layer.Stone sinking and settlement in selected sites, for which detailed information is available, are presented and discussed.     

Estimation of Axial Pile Bearing Capacity According to Shear Strength Parameters of Soil

At pesent,it is very popular to estimate pile bearing capacity by use of empirical formula andphysical indexes of soil provided in the design codes for civil construction in China.This paper attempts toapply mechanical indexes of soil and semi-empirical formulas,which are based on soil mechanical theoriesand were summarized and presented by Meyerhof in 1976,to calculate the axial pile bearing capacity.Lo-ading test results of 24 single piles in Tianjin area have been collected and compared with the proposed cal-ulation approach.     

Interaction Between Pile-Supported Pier and Bank Slope

- Generally the toe of the bank slope in front of the pile- supported pier has to be dredged to meet the requirements of water depth for the berth of ships, while the top of the slope in rear of the pier must be backfilled and elevated to make connections with land transportation. Then the natural state of equilibrium of the slope is destroyed, and some deformation and displacement are unavoidably induced in the soil mass which will exert an undesirable influence on the pile foundation of the pier. This is a typical problem of the interaction between the so-called "passive pile" and surrounding soil, and has been scarcely studied in the literature of geotechnical engineering. In this paper, field observation, model tests and numerical analysis conducted by the authors to study the interaction between pile-supported pier and bank slope are briefly described and some preliminary results are presented.     

Case study on pile running during the driving process of large-diameter pipe piles

The super-long and large-diameter steel pipe piles are often adopted for the construction of offshore oil platforms in deep sea. One constructability issue related to driving heavy pipe piles is the pile running. The term pile running refers to the quick penetration of a pile into the seabed as a result of its high self-weight and low resistance from the seabed. The unexpected pile running can cause the steel wire of the hammer to break or even the loss of the hammer. A case study of pile running at an oil platform is introduced in this paper. A simplified theoretical method is proposed to explain the mechanisms of the pile running in this case. A factor of friction degradation is proposed to calculate the dynamic skin friction from the static ultimate skin friction of surrounding soil. The comparisons between the predictions to the case history show that the proposed simplified method can be used to predict the pile running condition.     

海上风电高桩承台基础关键部位受力特性研究

海上高桩承台基础结构承台部分的设计主要依靠高桩码头和桥梁等其他高桩承台结构的经验，基于在建工程，为解决设计时容易设计出过厚承台和多余配筋的问题，本文采用有限元对包括土体在内的整个风机基础进行精细化数值模拟计算，计算结果与规范算法进行对比，得到承台设计时规范算法的安全余量，同时提出配筋优化方向。结果表明：基于弹性材料模型计算结果，有限元计算结果小于规范算法计算结果，基桩最大压力相差22.43%，最大上拔力相差2.08%，弯矩差别最大为57.89%，最小为18.85%；基于弹塑性材料模型计算结果，钢筋最大应力出现在钢管桩桩头，承台顶层钢筋受力较小，设计时可加强钢管桩桩头配筋，减少承台顶层钢筋数量。     

Field study of set-up effect in open-ended PHC pipe piles

Large-scale field tests were conducted to study set-up effect in open-ended prestressed high-strength concrete pipe piles jacked into stratified soil. Four open-ended prestressed high-strength concrete pipe piles with 13 and 18 m in embedment depth were fully instrumented with fiber Bragg grating sensors and installed. Several restrike dynamic tests were performed on each test pile, with the time interval from 21.5 to 284 hours after installation. Static loading tests (SLTs) were later performed on each test pile at 408 hours after installation to substantiate the dynamic tests. Changes with time in pile bearing capacity and in the shaft and toe resistances were studied based on the results of the pile tests. The development of shaft resistance set-up in different layers was studied in particular. It was found that set-up effect in the shaft resistance is significant and the toe resistance increment was minor. The overall set-up factor of total bearing capacity was found to range from 0.09 to 0.53, and the set-up effect of friction pile is much larger than the end bearing pile. More significant set-up in shaft resistance was observed in fill and alluvium layer. The dimensionless set-up factor A for shaft resistance in marine deposits ranges from 0.5 to 1.43, and it contributes the most to the shaft resistance as the shaft resistance in marine deposits is higher.