升平-兴城气田营城组火山岩储层流体包裹体研究

升平-兴城气田营城组火山岩储层经历多次构造活动,具有多期天然气的充注特征。采自该气田20口井45块岩芯样品的流体包裹体系统分析揭示了该区复杂的天然气充注过程。对各期次流体包裹体的均一温度、盐水包裹体的盐度,以及含烃盐水包裹体的荧光强度等测试的综合分析表明,火山岩储层经历了6期热流体活动,前4期分别对应于4期天然气充注过程。结合埋藏史分析可知,4期充注分别发生于泉头组沉积末期-青山口组沉积时期、嫩江组沉积早-中期、嫩江组沉积末期和明水组沉积早期至今。综合考虑生烃层、储层和盖层之间的组合关系,最终确定升平-兴城气田营城组火山岩储层天然气主要的成藏时期为嫩江组沉积早-中期。     

流体包裹体在庆深气田火山岩气藏研究中的应用

松辽盆地北部庆深气田储层火山岩的流体包裹体均一温度为97.1～156.7℃。根据成分的不同可将本区的次生包裹体分为盐水包裹体和含烃盐水包裹体,其中含烃盐水包裹体所占的比例要远小于盐水包裹体。在徐家围子断陷区营城组火山岩储层中检测到6期活动热流体和4期天然气充注,其中含烃盐水包裹体记录了4期天然气向储层的充注过程,其对应的均一温度分别为97.1～114.1℃、121.4～128.3℃、130.5～138.2℃和140.6～156.7℃。结合本区的埋藏史分析,认为4期天然气充注成藏中第三期是形成大规模天然气藏的主期,即泉头组沉积末期至青山口组沉积中晚期。     

琼东南盆地崖城地区流体包裹体特征和油气充注期次分析

储层流体包裹体研究是油气充注期次分析的重要手段。对琼东南盆地崖城地区下第三系崖城组和陵水组砂岩储层5口钻井岩芯样品进行包裹体镜下显微观察、荧光分析和伴生盐水包裹体均一温度测量,表明该区下第三系主要发生过两期油气充注:第一期充注油气主要发淡黄色荧光,以液态烃包裹体和气液两相烃包裹体为主,伴生盐水包裹体的均一温度主要分布在130~160℃,根据区域埋藏热演化史推断油气充注时间为晚中新世-早上新世。第二期充注油气主要发淡蓝色荧光,以气态烃包裹体、气液两相烃包裹体和气液固三相烃包裹体为主,伴生盐水溶液包裹体的均一温度范围为160~190℃,充注时间应为第四纪。     

库车坳陷东部吐格尔明地区天然气地球化学特征及油气充注史

库车坳陷东部油气地质条件复杂,天然气成因与油气充注时间存在争议,油气充注史不明,制约其油气勘探进程。利用天然气组分、碳同位素组成、流体包裹体岩相学与均一温度等分析测试数据,结合沉积埋藏史及构造演化史,研究了库车坳陷东部吐格尔明地区天然气地球化学特征、天然气成因类型及油气充注时间,分析了油气充注成藏过程。结果表明：吐格尔明地区天然气组分以甲烷为主,甲烷含量为75.56%～90.11%,干燥系数为0.79～0.93;δ¹³C₁和δ¹³C₂值为-35.73‰～-33.80‰和-26.41‰～-25.30‰,天然气成因类型属于成熟阶段的煤成气。吐格尔明地区侏罗系砂岩储层发育两类流体包裹体,分别为黄色液态烃包裹体和蓝白色荧光的气液烃包裹体、灰色的气烃包裹体,表明该区存在两期油气充注,第一期为13～7 Ma的原油充注,第二期为2.6 Ma以来的天然气充注。康村组早中期,吐格尔明地区烃源岩形成的原油充注至宽缓背斜圈闭中保存;库车组晚期,侏罗系克孜勒努尔组与阳霞组发育良好的源储组合,天然气近距离充注成藏。     

塔里木盆地玉北地区奥陶系成岩流体演化与油气成藏时期的耦合关系

尽管流体包裹体均一温度-埋藏史投影法已被广泛地应用于油气成藏时期确定,但对于多旋回叠合盆地仍存在不确定性,即同一个均一温度可对应两个或者两个以上埋藏深度.为减少这种多解性,对研究区63件样品进行了岩石学观察、碳氧同位素测试和流体包裹体系统分析测试,运用成岩序列约束及流体包裹体均一温度和捕获压力双参数来约束确定油气成藏年龄.在确定油包裹体及其同期盐水包裹体的均一温度、油包裹体的气泡填充度和包裹体油组分基础之上,利用PVTsim热动力学模拟软件恢复油包裹体最小捕获压力.将油包裹体捕获压力和其同期盐水包裹体均一温度投影到埋藏史图上来求取油气充注年龄,再把充注年龄标注在同一时间轴上进行油气成藏期次划分和成藏时期确定.结果表明,塔里木盆地玉北地区奥陶系存在3期油充注:第一期发生在加里东晚期447.1~444.0 Ma;第二期发生在海西晚期295.0~274.7 Ma;第三期发生在喜山期14.7~8.8 Ma.第一期和第二期充注的油气在构造"跷跷板"运动过程中发生了破坏或调整,第三期充注油气才可能是勘探的现实目标.      

川中安平店-高石梯构造震旦系灯影组流体充注特征及油气成藏过程

川中地区震旦系灯影组储层时代老、埋藏深,经历了多期构造运动和成藏历史。岩芯观察和显微薄片观察结果表明,震旦系灯影组储层经历了六期流体充注,分别是第一世代沥青→第二世代白云石→第三世代粗晶-巨晶白云石→第四世代粗晶-巨晶白云石→第五世代沥青→第六世代方解石/石英,每期矿物中对应的流体包裹体特征记录了震旦系从早期形成的古油藏被破坏→古油气藏再形成→油裂解气和古气藏形成→水溶气形成→现今气藏形成的成藏事件和完整的成藏过程。第二世代-第四世代矿物形成于深埋过程中,是古油气藏形成期的产物,矿物的Sr、C、O稳定同位素表明向震旦系灯影组充注的流体主要是外源流体,具有从深部向浅部流动运移的特征;第六世代矿物所记录的水溶气的形成,也是震旦系最重要的成藏事件;现今的震旦系灯影组气藏主要是晚白垩世以来的构造隆升导致的水溶气脱溶聚集以及油气藏调整和改造的结果。     

Constraining the hydrocarbon expulsion history of the coals in Qinshui Basin, North China, from the analysis of fluid inclusions

From the comprehensive study on the homogenization temperatures and the occurrence of fluid inclusions in the framework minerals of the strata between or above the Carboniferous–Permian coals in the Qinshui basin, Shanxi, three stages are predicted of hydrocarbon expulsion from the coals. Combined with the known history of basin evolution, it is deduced that the expulsion of hydrocarbons happened during the J₁ (210–180 Ma), the early K₁ (150–130 Ma) and K₂E₁ (110–60 Ma). In the early stage, the coals produced and discharged coal-generated oils. The average GOI value of four sandstone samples is relatively high, as they have been exposed to high paleo-oil saturation in the strata between or above the coals. The biomarker compositions of oil-bearing fluid inclusions are similar to those of extracts from the coals, and so it is concluded that those oils were derived from the same family of the coals.     

High-precision geochronology of the Early Cretaceous Yingcheng Formation and its stratigraphic implications for Songliao Basin,China

The Songliao Basin in Northeast Asia is the largest and longest-lived rift basin and preserves a near-continuous continental succession of the most of the Cretaceous period, providing great material to investigate the adaption of the terrestrial systems to the Cretaceous greenhouse climate and tectonic events. However, the paucity of precise and accurate radioisotopic ages from the Early Cretaceous strata of the Songliao Basin has greatly held back the temporal and causal correlation of the continental records to the global Early Cretaceous records. Three tuff layers intercalated in the Yingcheng Formation have been intercepted by the SK-2 borehole, which offer excellent materials for radioisotopic dating and calibration of the chronostratigraphy of the Lower Cretaceous sequence of Songliao Basin. Moreover, the Yingcheng Formation recorded the largest and the last of the two major volcanic events in Songliao Basin, which also represents a turning point in the basin evolution history of Songliao from syn-rift stage to post-rift stage. Here we report high-precision U–Pb zircon geochronology by the CA-ID-TIMS technique on three tuff samples from the Yingcheng Formation of the SK-2 borehole in the Songliao Basin to construct a greatly improved, absolute age framework for the Yingcheng Formation and provide crucial age constraints for the Songliao Lower Cretaceous Strata. The new CA-ID-TIMS geochronology constrained the Yingcheng Formation at 102.571 + 0.320/?2.346 Ma to ca. 113 Ma, correlating to the Albian Stage. Combined with the previous published Songliao geochronology, the Quantou Formation is constrained to between 96.442 + 0.475/?0.086 Ma and 91.923 + 0.475/?0.086 Ma; the Denglouku Formation is constrained to between 102.571 + 0.320/?2.346 Ma and 96.442 + 0.475/?0.086 Ma; the age of the Shahezi Formation is estimated at ca. 113 Ma to ca. 118 Ma, which could extend to ca. 125 Ma in some locations in Songliao Basin. The major unconformity between the Yingcheng Formation and the Denglouku Formation, which represents the transition of the basin from syn-rift to post-rift is thus confined to between 102.571 + 0.320/?2.346 Ma and 96.442 + 0.475/?0.086 Ma. This is roughly contemporaneous with the change in the direction of the paleo-Pacific plate motion from west-southwest to north or northwest in mid-Cretaceous, suggesting their possible connections.     

长岭凹陷深层天然气藏中CO_2及CH_4充注次序的流体包裹体证据

对长岭凹陷深层天然气藏储层——营城组火山岩中发育的流体包裹体进行了详细研究,结果表明在火山岩发育的石英、方解石细网脉中均存在较多的碳质流体包裹体,单个包裹体激光拉曼光谱分析结果表明其主要为CO2及CH4两种类型的碳质包裹体。其中方解石细网脉体中发育有原生及次生CH4包裹体,而含CO2包裹体多以原生包裹体产于石英细网脉中。很多含CO2包裹体的石英细脉中发现了含CH4包裹体的方解石脉体的角砾,这就表明石英细脉形成晚于方解石细脉。营城组火山岩储层中CO2及CH4包裹体的产状特征研究表明,松辽盆地深层天然气藏的形成系火山岩成岩后CO2及CH4等气体不同期次充注的结果,CH4气的充注时间早于CO2气,火山岩中发育的原生孔隙及次生裂隙为上述气体的充注和聚集提供了重要通道。     

渤海湾盆地束鹿凹陷沙一段石盐岩中流体包裹体特征及其地质意义

束鹿凹陷内古新统沙河街组一段石盐岩中发育了大量原生的人字形单一液相水溶液包裹体和次生油包裹体,这为深刻揭示凹陷内蒸发岩成因及油气运移、保存提供了有利条件.在流体包裹体岩相学研究的基础上,开展了流体包裹体均一温度测试、并恢复了钻井的埋藏史和包裹体捕获时间及古压力.研究表明石盐岩中与次生油包裹体同期的水溶液包裹体均一温度分为66.5~91.5 ℃和103.7~108.9 ℃两期,其对应的捕获时间分别为10.56~10.11 Ma和1.10 Ma,表明油气流体进入盐岩层的时间分别为馆陶组沉积的中晚期和更新统沉积期,与生烃史的研究结果基本吻合.石盐岩层中部利用包裹体模拟的古压力系数高达1.64,底部石盐岩中存在大量超压条件下形成的单一液相油包裹体,证明盐下存在超压系统,而超压系统的存在为油气的运移和保存提供了动力条件.      

鄂西—渝东地区飞三段天然气成因与成藏阶段

飞三段是鄂西—渝东地区海相碳酸盐岩层系的主力产气层,系统研究飞三段的天然气成藏阶段与主控因素,对该区飞三段的天然气勘探具有指导意义。利用天然气组分和稳定碳同位素资料、烃源岩的干酪根碳同位素资料以及流体包裹体均一温度资料,在阐明油气的成因与来源、烃源岩的生烃史和油气充注史的基础上,结合构造演化史和圈闭演化史,划分了天然气的成藏阶段,并总结了天然气成藏的主控因素。结果认为:飞三段天然气主要为二叠系烃源岩生成的原油的二次裂解气;天然气的成藏经历了古岩性油藏的聚集(190～160 Ma)、古油藏裂解与古岩性气藏形成(160～140 Ma)、天然气调整再聚集形成今构造—岩性复合气藏(140 Ma—现今)3个阶段;沉积期暴露浅滩相储层的规模决定了古油藏的规模,晚期天然气的调整再聚集过程中的保存条件决定了天然气的最终聚集。     

Coupling relationship between reservoir diagenesis and hydrocarbon accumulation in Lower Cretaceous Yingcheng Formation of Dongling,Changling fault depression,Songliao Basin,Northeast China

The Lower Cretaceous Yingcheng Formation in the southern Songliao Basin is the typical tight oil sandstone in China. In order to better predict the petrophysical properties of the tight sandstone reservoirs in the Lower Cretaceous Yingcheng Formation, Songliao Basin, Northeast China, the diagenesis and porosity evolution was investigated using a suite of petrographic and geochemical techniques including thin section analysis, scanning electron microscopy, mercury intrusion and fluid inclusion analysis, on a set of selected tight sandstone samples. Combined with the histories of burial evolution, organic matter thermal evolution and hydrocarbon charge, the matching relationship between reservoir porosity evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation history is analyzed. The result showed that the tight sandstone reservoirs characterized of being controlled by deposition, predominated by compaction, improved by dissolution and enhanced by cementation. The hydrocarbon accumulation period was investigated using a suite of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion history, microfluorescence determination and temperature measurement technology. According to the homogenization temperature of the inclusions and the history of burial evolution, Yingcheng Formation has mainly two phases hydrocarbon accumulation. The first phase of oil and gas is charged before the reservoir is tightened, the oil and gas generated by Shahezi source rocks enter the sand body of Yingcheng Formation, influenced by the carrying capability of sand conducting layer, oil and gas is mainly conducted by the better properties and higher connectivity sand body and enriched in the east, which belongs to the type of densification after hydrocarbon accumulation. The second phase of oil and gas charge after densification, which belongs to the type of densification before the hydrocarbon accumulation.     

Burial History and Petroleum Entrapment in the Yaoyingtai Region of the Changling Fault Depression, China

This work aims to reconstruct the burial history of various kinds of sandstones penetrated by the well YS201 in the Yaoyingtai region of the Changling Fault Depression, southern Songliao Basin, China. Analyses of fluid inclusions in the reservoir rocks, combined with a review of the regional tectonic evolution, revealed the hydrocarbon accumulation stage and accumulation age of the Early Cretaceous Denglouku group and the first member of the Quantou group reservoir, which are the future exploration focus for deep gas reservoirs in this region. Acoustic time data and sedimentary rates calculated for sediments in the YS201 well yielded thicknesses for the Yingcheng, Nenjiang, and Mingshui groups of 506, 539.18, and 144.85 m, respectively, thereby revealing the burial history of the sediments in the well. Fluid inclusions of the Denglouku group reservoir and the first member of the Quantou group reservoir contain oil inclusions and hydro-carbonaceous salt water inclusions. The main peaks of the homogenization temperature and salinity of these saltwater inclusions in the first member of the Quantou group reservoir are generally 110–120℃ and 6 wt % –8 wt %, respectively, and for the Denglouku group are 130–140℃ and 4 wt%–6 wt%. The data for both reservoirs show only one main peak, indicating that they both have experienced single-stage accumulation. Combining the homogenization temperature of the reservoir fluid inclusions with the burial and thermal history of the sediments in the YS201 well, we infer that the hydrocarbon gas in these two intervals accumulated at 79 Ma(middle Late Cretaceous).     

塔里木盆地库车坳陷致密砂岩气藏成因类型

为深化对库车坳陷致密砂岩气藏成因类型的认识, 采集致密砂岩储层岩样, 开展了油气充注史和孔隙度演化史研究.通过流体包裹体岩相学和显微测温厘定了油气充注史, 利用沉积-构造-成岩一体化模型恢复了储层孔隙度演化史, 根据两者的先后关系, 划分了致密砂岩气藏的成因类型.结果表明, 依南2侏罗系气藏存在两期油气充注, 第一期是吉迪克期到康村期(23~12 Ma)的油充注, 第二期是库车期到现今(5~0 Ma)的天然气充注, 储层孔隙度在库车期前(12~8 Ma)降低到12%以下, 形成致密砂岩储层.迪那2古近系天然气藏存在两期油气充注, 第一期是康村期到库车期(12~5 Ma)的油充注, 第二期是库车期到现今(5~0 Ma)的天然气充注, 储层孔隙度在西域期(2~0 Ma)降低到12%以下, 形成致密砂岩储层.综合分析认为, 库车坳陷存在两种成因类型的致密砂岩气藏, 依南2侏罗系气藏致密储层形成之后充注天然气, 成因类型为"致密深盆气藏"; 迪那2气藏古近系致密储层形成之前, 天然气已大量充注, 成因类型为"致密常规气藏".这对深化库车坳陷致密砂岩气勘探与开发有重要意义.      

塔里木盆地克拉2气田储层流体包裹体与油气成藏研究

储层流体包裹体研究是认识油气运移、油气成藏的有效方法之一.通过对塔里木盆地克拉2气田克拉201井储层流体包裹体的系统取样研究,得到储层流体包裹体的四组均一温度:75～105℃,120～135℃,155～175℃,200～250℃.其中前三组与油气成藏有关,第四组及更高的温度可能与地下的热液活动有关.结合沉积埋藏史和热史的恢复,认为克拉2气田的成藏时间为11～2.5 Ma之间,即康村组至库车组沉积初期开始,到库车组遭受抬升剥蚀时停止.推测来自地下的高温热液可能对气藏起过重要的改造作用.     

火山地层中的沉积层特征及其地层对比意义:以松辽盆地营城组为例

火山地层常具穿时和倒转现象,并且缺少化石资料,致使其地层序列划分和对比困难.营城组火山地层序列是松辽盆地火山岩油气勘探的基础和关键,火山岩中的厚层沉积夹层（营城组二段）在火山地层序列划分中可作为标志层,是营城组进一步分段的关键层位.从盆缘露头剖面入手,根据实测剖面、钻井、测井、地震、同位素年龄等资料,证实徐家围子断陷存在营二段地层,通过地层对比,总结其地层发育时限、岩性及序列特征、地层分布规律及其成因、地球物理识别标志,并将其作为标志层对火山地层进行准确划分和对比.结果显示:营二段形成于早白垩世Albian期（110~108 Ma）,沉积时限2~3 Ma;以富含凝灰质夹煤层为主要特征,其碎屑粒度自下至上呈现"粗-细-粗"的全韵律;断陷内营二段地层厚度变化大,平面上存在着两类沉积中心:（1）与营一段火山岩最大厚度中心重叠的火山期后热沉降中心;（2）继承性古地貌凹陷.不同成因地层其地球物理识别特征不同.以营二段为标志层可将徐家围子断陷营城组分为3段,其中一段和三段均以火山岩为主.而原分层中的营四段实属盆地不同充填期的两套地层:下部细粒砂泥岩段应为断陷期的营二段,上部粗粒砂砾岩段应为拗陷期的登娄库组一段.该方法可为其他地区火山地层划分与对比提供借鉴.      

泌阳凹陷深凹区古流体压力演化与油气充注耦合关系

泌阳凹陷深凹区蕴含可观的岩性油气藏，现今压力大多显示为常压-弱超压系统.利用盆地数值模拟和流体包裹体热动力学模拟相结合，揭示了深凹区古压力演化历史.生烃历史显示泌阳凹陷持续埋藏到廖庄组沉积末期达到最大埋藏深度（约23.03 Ma）时，达到生烃高峰期；随后地层抬升，生烃强度减弱并趋近于停止.深凹区砂岩储层中检测到两种不同成分油包裹体，即成熟度低的橙黄色荧光油包裹体和成熟度相对较高的蓝绿色荧光油包裹体.包裹体均一温度结合埋藏史显示深凹区油气充注时间分别为35.4~30.3 Ma和27.8~26.5 Ma.盆地数值模拟显示深凹区从39.3 Ma开始压力持续增加，到约23.03 Ma时，即埋藏最深时发育显著的超压，压力系数可达1.5左右，之后超压减弱，演化至现今的常压-弱超压系统.包裹体热动力学模拟恢复的古压力也显示相似的演化趋势.总体上，生烃期，充注期以及超压形成期三者在时间上的耦合表明深凹区是由生烃增压下驱动两期油气充注以至形成现今的岩性油气藏.      

松辽盆地德惠断陷火石岭组天然气成藏机理

火石岭组是德惠断陷深层天然气有利的勘探层位。在分析研究区构造演化史的基础上,对火石岭组典型的气藏进行精细解剖,结合地震、测井、钻井等基础资料,并综合轻烃、烃源岩、流体包裹体等分析测试数据,对德惠断陷深层火石岭组的天然气成藏机理进行了研究。结果表明,火石岭组烃源岩有机碳(TOC)平均含量大于1.0%,生烃潜力(S_1+S_2)的均值范围为0.5～2.0 mg/g,有机质类型多以Ⅱ_1～Ⅱ_2型为主,Ⅲ型为辅,有机质已达到成熟,成熟度(R_o)均值为1.5%,烃源岩具有较大的生烃潜力。火石岭组下部天然气来源于火石岭组烃源岩,而火石岭组上部天然气以火石岭组烃源岩生气为主,但受上覆沙河子组烃源岩混源影响。天然气运移以垂向断裂输导为主,层内砂体横向输导为辅。基于流体包裹体分析,结合火石岭组气藏气源对比与烃源岩生排烃期,认为火石岭组天然气藏存在三期成藏:130 Ma左右,对应营城组沉积初期;115～105 Ma左右,对应泉头组沉积期;95～75 Ma左右,对应青山口组—嫩江组沉积期。     

松辽盆地深层火山岩储层中的CH4包裹体:产状特征及其地质意义

营城组火山岩是松辽盆地深层油气藏的主要储层之一,本次研究我们在该组火山岩中首次发现了较多的纯CH4包裹体,这类包裹体主要以原生及次生形式产于流纹岩石英斑晶及玄武岩气孔充填矿物石英之中。综合分析认为,伴随营城组火山岩喷发活动,产生了较多的无机成因的CH4等气体,它们连同可能存在的其它有机成因的烃类气体一起,沿流纹岩中的微裂隙及玄武岩中的气孔等构造运移、聚集,从而形成深层火山岩储层中的富CH4天然气藏。因此,营城组火山岩不仅仅作为被动的油气储层存在,而且该期火山活动可能也为深层油气成藏提供了至少部分CH4等气体的来源。     

Geochronology of metarhyolites from the Kangbutiebao Formation in the Kelang basin, Altay Mountains, Xinjiang: Implications for the tectonic evolution and metallogeny

The Altay orogenic belt (AOB), situated in the middle part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), is one of the most important metallogenic belts in China. The Kangbutiebao Formation is a Late Paleozoic stratigraphic unit that hosts many important iron and Pb–Zn deposits. The Kangbutiebao Formation consists of intercalated volcanic and sedimentary rocks that have undergone regional greenschist to lower amphibolite facies metamorphism, and mainly outcrops in three NW-trending fault-bounded volcano–sedimentary basins, including the Maizi, Kelang, and Chonghuer basins. SHRIMP analyses of zircons from three metarhyolites of the Kangbutiebao Fm. in the Kelang Basin yield weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages of 412.6 ± 3.5 Ma, 408.7 ± 5.3 Ma and 406.7 ± 4.3 Ma, respectively, which can be interpreted as the eruption age of the Kangbutiebao silicic volcanic rocks in the Kelang Basin. These ages indicate that the Kangbutiebao Formation was formed during the Late Silurian to Early Devonian. They also demonstrate that the deposits hosted in the Kangbutiebao Formation were formed after 412–407 Ma. They play a key role in understanding the Paleozoic tectonic evolution and metallogenesis of the southern margin of the Chinese AOB.