长江中游一次大暴雨的中尺度分析

通过对2003年7月8日发生在长江中游的一场大暴雨进行中尺度分析,初步研究了暴雨的形成及发展过程,总结了暴雨的产生与中小尺度系统的关系,着重阐述了低空急流在暴雨形成中的作用,以及在低空急流左侧强正涡度中心附近形成中尺度涡旋,激发暴雨云团等。     

嫩江、松花江流域暴雨的中尺度系统和过程分析

利用雷达回波资料、气象卫星云图和各种加工产品、1h的降水量,分析了大暴雨形成过程中的中尺度活动。讨论了中尺度云团、中尺度雨团发生发展的情况,各种物理量的表现,能量转换作用等。结论指出,暴雨过程中的中尺度云团、中尺度雨团和中尺度切变辐合是必不可少的;地形对中尺度切变的形成、稳定维持和对降水的增幅有相当大的作用;雷达回波的形态、尺度、强度、移动和演变等特征反映了暴雨发生的中尺度过程,对流回波带走向与移动方向一致或积层混合性降水中的强回波区以及“指状”回波区等多易产生暴雨、大暴雨。     

黄土高原一次β中尺度大暴雨特征及成因分析

利用卫星云图、多普勒雷达资料和NCEP资料等,对2010年9月18日20：00-19日08：OO黄土高原发生的一次β中尺度大暴雨过程的大尺度环境场、中尺度影响系统以及触发机制等进行综合分析。结果表明;4个中尺度径向速度辐合是β中尺度大暴雨的直接影响系统,列车效应是β中尺度大暴雨形成的原因之一;气压持续降低,配合2rain平均风速急剧增大、而后风向突变,或配合先风向突变、而后2min平均风速急剧增大,是β中尺度大暴雨形成条件之一;地面能量比场“Ω”系统东侧小能量比低值舌的活动,也是口中尺度大暴雨的另一触发机制;云高和液态累积含水量（VIL）的配合,对大暴雨的产生具有指示作用。     

一次暖湿切变大暴雨的中尺度分析

本文分析了1989年7月21日发生在内蒙古西部伊克昭盟鄂尔多斯高原上大暴雨过程的中尺度系统。分析表明，内蒙古西中部的暴雨和南方暴雨一样具有明显的中尺度特征，造成这次大暴雨过程的中尺度系统主要有中尺度切变线，风速辐合线及辐合区，雷暴高压，中低压。同时初步探讨了大暴雨形成的原因是地面切变线，中尺度冷锋停滞。     

2002年6月8日陕西暴雨高低空急流特征及地面中尺度系统分析

运用高空常规气象资料,通过对2002-06-08—09陕西大范围暴雨、局地大暴雨的高低空急流配置及地面系统演变分析,认为:在高空急流入口区右后侧和高空反气旋环流第一象限内,有高层辐散叠加在低层辐合的上方,易于形成强上升运动,为这次大暴雨产生提供了有利的环境条件,是对流维持、持续的重要机制;在有利的环境背景和一定的触发条件下,地面上存在着中尺度系统,中尺度系统是这次暴雨产生的组织者。     

天津一次突发性局地大暴雨中尺度分析

利用加密自动气象站、天津MM5、NCEP1°×1°的6小时再分析资料以及多普勒雷达等资料,对2007年8月26日出现在天津东部地区的局地大暴雨进行了天气学、动力学诊断和中尺度分析.结果表明,暴雨是在大尺度环流形势由经向调整为纬向时期产生的,中低层西风槽、切变线以及地面中尺度辐合线是其主要影响系统;强降水的时空分布有明显的中尺度特征;暴雨区上空形成的斜升气流,有利于强雷暴云的稳定发展;低空东南急流和地面偏东风为暴雨区输送了大量的水汽;地面中尺度辐合线的存在和维持不仅增强了地面的辐合抬升,同时也是造成此次局地大暴雨的中尺度系统和触发条件.多普勒雷达图中明显的列车效应以及强回波伸展的高度与当天0℃层高度的对应关系也是产生强降水的主要原因.     

长江中游复杂地形和盛夏局地大暴雨

本文利用武汉WSR-81S数字化天气雷达资料和其它中尺度气象资料分析了1987年8月18日相继发生在长江中游复杂地形区域的两场短历时局地特大暴雨的中尺度演变过程。在没有明显的次天气尺度上升运动直接启动和组织的情况下,两场局地大暴雨暴发的时间和地点都取决于边界层中尺度风场强辐合的出现。复杂地形对边界层气流的热力和机械的综合作用,在一定的大尺度气流背景下,形成有规律的中尺度近地面风场系统。它表现得相对定常并有一定的日变化,当来自临近地区的中尺度对流系统移近时,对流降水中产生的中尺度气流(例如飑锋)参加到由地形影响形成的中尺度边界层流场系统中,便在某些特定地点构成强的辐合。在这类辐合区中心的偏北一侧发展起强大而移动缓慢的复合单体或超级单体,带来局地大暴雨。山谷风环流、平原-山脉环流对盛夏局地暴雨的影响应受到重视。     

新疆巴州“6.4”罕见大暴雨中尺度特征分析

利用FY卫星、新一代天气雷达、区域自动站及GFS/NCAR 0.5°×0.5°再分析资料,对2012年6月4日发生在新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州境内的一次罕见大暴雨进行中尺度特征分析。分析结果表明:(1)高空冷槽是主要影响系统,地面中尺度辐合中心和中尺度切变线等中尺度天气系统与大暴雨的形成和分布关系密切。(2)显著的不稳定能量是产生暴雨的重要因素,特殊的地形对水汽辐合抬升起到了关键作用。(3)暴雨发生在MCS中云顶亮温小于-55℃且长时间维持的冷云盖边缘。人字形回波头部、逗点云尖点处长时间维持50 d Bz以上的多单体风暴是形成大暴雨的主要原因。     

第六讲 暴雨回波分析降水量和估算

暴雨是我国夏季常见的一种重要天气现象,有时可引起河流泛滥,山洪爆发,泥石流等危及人民生命财产的灾害,因此,暴雨的探测和研究,一直是我国气象工作者所关心的问题。 人们发现,直接产生暴雨的系统常常是中尺度系统(水平尺度由30—40公里至300—400公里)。小型的暴雨中尺度系统在常规天气图上常易漏掉而发现不了,所以用天气雷达来探测和研究暴雨,愈益引起人     

2004-07-28新乡市大暴雨成因分析

从环流形势、单站气象要素及中尺度滤波分析等几方面对2004年7月28日新乡市大暴雨过程进行分析,结果表明这次暴雨、大暴雨天气过程是副热带高压西伸北抬和西风槽东移及北方南下冷空气的共同影响造成的,副高西伸北抬的"突变"过程,是造成大暴雨的直接原因;中低层切变线的生成,为强对流天气的产生提供了动力条件;低空西南急流不仅输送暖湿空气,增强层结的不稳定性,而且可以产生低层扰动,触发不稳定能量的释放,新乡地区东南部位于深厚急流区入口处的左侧,是暴雨、大暴雨产生的关键部位;用T213的初始流场经滤波分析后,能清晰显示出形成大暴雨的中尺度辐合系统,对暴雨、大暴雨预报有一定的指示意义.     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.